Exam 7: Behavioural Views of Learning

Bart uses an old cigarette lighter that has become unreliable.It usually takes from one to 10 flicks to make it work.When the lighter is out of fluid,it will not work at all.By the time that Bart figures out the problem,he has tried flicking it 15 to 20 times.This situation illustrates the principle that

Persistence in responding is increased by what type of reinforcement schedule?

Learning is defined as a deliberate action that produces a positive result.

Crediting all students to earn a reward for both academic work and positive classroom behaviour is a ________ system.

Positive practice involves having students give correct responses several times immediately following errors.

Mr.Lunette sends students to a "time-out" box when they become too physically aggressive during hockey practice.Once they have been seated quietly for at least five minutes,they are allowed to re-enter the game.The chance to leave the "time-out" box is an example of what type of consequence?

In Bandura's social cognitive theory,"learning by doing" is referred to as ________ learning.

Any consequence that strengthens the behaviour it follows is a(n)________.

For certain infractions of the rules,people must lose a reinforcer (e.g.,privileges,time,etc.)and suffer ________.

Treena is a bright and personable girl in your sixth-grade class. A large part of your classroom activities involve class participation through questioning and recitation. Treena, however, never raises her hand and, when called on, "freezes" and often says nothing. You notice that she is social with friends. Her shyness seems restricted to speaking before a group. Discussion with her fifth-grade teacher indicates that the same behavior took place last year. To help Treena become less inhibited about answering in class, you consider possible strategies or principles suggested by behavioral theories. Describe how each of the following approaches might be used in a behavioral plan designed to help her. -According to the above case study.Classical conditioning

The principle of contiguity involves an association between

Treena is a bright and personable girl in your sixth-grade class. A large part of your classroom activities involve class participation through questioning and recitation. Treena, however, never raises her hand and, when called on, "freezes" and often says nothing. You notice that she is social with friends. Her shyness seems restricted to speaking before a group. Discussion with her fifth-grade teacher indicates that the same behavior took place last year. To help Treena become less inhibited about answering in class, you consider possible strategies or principles suggested by behavioral theories. Describe how each of the following approaches might be used in a behavioral plan designed to help her. -Using the above strategies together with other principles,briefly describe the overall approach you personally would favor for working with Treena.

In a contingency contract program,teachers set up

Negative reinforcement introduces an aversive stimulus to decrease the frequency of a behaviour.

An antecedent is an event that follows an action.

Compare and contrast the strategies of cueing and shaping as methods for developing desirable behaviours.

Mr.Saunders hates sending in his income tax forms each year and constantly worries that his return will be the "one" selected for auditing.Therefore,he completes the forms carefully and honestly in order to avoid a possible penalty,but he continues to worry about being audited.What reinforcement schedule is most likely to be involved?

Treena is a bright and personable girl in your sixth-grade class. A large part of your classroom activities involve class participation through questioning and recitation. Treena, however, never raises her hand and, when called on, "freezes" and often says nothing. You notice that she is social with friends. Her shyness seems restricted to speaking before a group. Discussion with her fifth-grade teacher indicates that the same behavior took place last year. To help Treena become less inhibited about answering in class, you consider possible strategies or principles suggested by behavioral theories. Describe how each of the following approaches might be used in a behavioral plan designed to help her. -According to the above case study.Positive reinforcement/negative reinforcement

The act of providing an antecedent stimulus immediately before a particular behaviour is to take place is called prompting.

Kelly is a ninth grader with above-average abilities. He earns "Bs" in all of his subjects, except for biology, which he barely manages to pass. As his biology teacher, you have tried to help him many times, but you have observed no real progress. Kelly tells you that he has difficulty doing his homework because of anxieties and basic "resistance" to the subject. He simply doesn't know how to get started and stares at the question until he gives up and puts the homework assignment away. -According to the above case study.Design a self-management program that Kelly could adopt to improve his academic performance.