Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of heteroatoms on hydrocarbons?

Accepted Answer

A) Heteroatoms greatly alter the chemical and physical properties of a hydrocarbon. 
B) Heteroatoms have little effect on the chemical and physical properties of a hydrocarbon. 
C) Heteroatoms have very similar properties to hydrocarbons. 
D) The properties of the heteroatom compounds depend only on the atom, not how it is bonded to the hydrocarbon. 
E) none of the above 
A) Heteroatoms greatly alter the chemical and physical properties of a hydrocarbon. 
B) Heteroatoms have little effect on the chemical and physical properties of a hydrocarbon. 
C) Heteroatoms have very similar properties to hydrocarbons. 
D) The properties of the heteroatom compounds depend only on the atom, not how it is bonded to the hydrocarbon. 
E) none of the above

Question 2

An amino acid is an organic molecule that contains both an amine group and a carboxyl group. At neutral pH, which structure is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A) structure (a) 
B) structure (b) 
C) neither structure 
D) both structures 
A) structure (a) 
B) structure (b) 
C) neither structure 
D) both structures

Question 3

Rank the following compounds by solubility in acidic water, from most soluble to least. 1)CH3CH2OH
2)CH3OCH3
3)CH3CH2NH2

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3, 2 
B) 1, 2, 3 
C) 3, 2, 1 
D) 3, 1, 2 
E) 2, 1, 3 
A) 1, 3, 2 
B) 1, 2, 3 
C) 3, 2, 1 
D) 3, 1, 2 
E) 2, 1, 3

Question 4

A common inactive ingredient in products such as sunscreen lotions and shampoo is triethyl amine, also known as TEA. Which of the following is the chemical structure for this compound?         (a)(b)(c)(d)

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d

Question 5

If an alcoholic beverage has a proof of 151, what is the percentage of alcohol in the beverage?

Accepted Answer

A) 75.5 percent 
B) 151 percent 
C) 15.1 percent 
D) Proof is a measure of flammability. 
E) Proof is a measure of the age of a fermented beverage. 
A) 75.5 percent 
B) 151 percent 
C) 15.1 percent 
D) Proof is a measure of flammability. 
E) Proof is a measure of the age of a fermented beverage.

Question 6

Which of the following molecules would probably be isolated closest to the bottom of a fractionating tower at a refinery?

Accepted Answer

A) C4H10 
B) C8H18 
C) C10H22 
D) C20H42 
E) C40H82 
A) C4H10 
B) C8H18 
C) C10H22 
D) C20H42 
E) C40H82

Question 7

Which of the following molecules is a branched hydrocarbon?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) All of the above are branched hydrocarbons. 
E) only a and b 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) All of the above are branched hydrocarbons. 
E) only a and b

Question 8

Where would you expect to isolate molecules in a fractionating tower that have very few interatomic attractions?

Accepted Answer

A) near the bottom 
B) near the top 
C) near the middle 
D) Fractional distillation takes advantage of molecular weight. 
E) Fractional distillation takes advantage of the number of isomers. 
A) near the bottom 
B) near the top 
C) near the middle 
D) Fractional distillation takes advantage of molecular weight. 
E) Fractional distillation takes advantage of the number of isomers.

Question 9

Which of the following molecules contains a ketone?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) a or b 
E) all of the above 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) a or b 
E) all of the above

Question 10

Why does the melting point of hydrocarbons increase as the number of carbon atoms per molecule increases?

Accepted Answer

A) An increase in the number of carbon atoms per molecules also means an increase in the density of the hydrocarbon. 
B) because of greater induced dipole-induced dipole molecular attractions 
C) Larger hydrocarbon chains tend to be branched. 
D) The molecular mass also increases. 
A) An increase in the number of carbon atoms per molecules also means an increase in the density of the hydrocarbon. 
B) because of greater induced dipole-induced dipole molecular attractions 
C) Larger hydrocarbon chains tend to be branched. 
D) The molecular mass also increases.

Question 11

List the following compounds in order of least oxidized to most oxidized

Accepted Answer

A) a < b < c < d 
B) b < a < c < d 
C) c < d < a < b 
D) b < a < d < c 
A) a < b < c < d 
B) b < a < c < d 
C) c < d < a < b 
D) b < a < d < c

Question 12

What is a functional group?

Accepted Answer

A) a set of atoms bonded together that give molecules containing them similar properties 
B) a group that adds function 
C) a group of hydrocarbons that can be used to make new materials 
D) a set of molecules that are grouped together to form a functional material 
E) none of the above 
A) a set of atoms bonded together that give molecules containing them similar properties 
B) a group that adds function 
C) a group of hydrocarbons that can be used to make new materials 
D) a set of molecules that are grouped together to form a functional material 
E) none of the above

Question 13

Why is 2,4,5-trifluorophenol much more acidic than phenol?

Accepted Answer

A) The fluorines adjacent to the OH group are large and shield the hydroxl group from making the solution basic. 
B) The fluorines de-stabilize the benzene ring and thus give the structure more acidic characteristics. 
C) The fluorines have high electronegativities and help to stabilize the negative charges, which makes it even easier for the hydrogen to be lost. 
D) False! 2,4,5-trifluorophenol is actually not more acidic than phenol. 
A) The fluorines adjacent to the OH group are large and shield the hydroxl group from making the solution basic. 
B) The fluorines de-stabilize the benzene ring and thus give the structure more acidic characteristics. 
C) The fluorines have high electronegativities and help to stabilize the negative charges, which makes it even easier for the hydrogen to be lost. 
D) False! 2,4,5-trifluorophenol is actually not more acidic than phenol.

Question 14

Why do ethers have lower boiling points than that of an alcohol of the same molecular weight?

Accepted Answer

A) Ethers cannot hydrogen bond to other ethers. 
B) Ethers do not have hydrogens. 
C) Ethers are more flammable and vaporize more easily. 
D) Ethers have higher boiling points than alcohols. 
E) all of the above 
A) Ethers cannot hydrogen bond to other ethers. 
B) Ethers do not have hydrogens. 
C) Ethers are more flammable and vaporize more easily. 
D) Ethers have higher boiling points than alcohols. 
E) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the above molecules is a carboxylic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) none of the above 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) none of the above

Question 16

Which of the following compounds is likely to have the best water solubility?

Accepted Answer

A) CH3CH2OH 
B) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 
C) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH 
D) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH 
A) CH3CH2OH 
B) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 
C) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH 
D) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH

Question 17

Which of the following does not describe the number of other atoms a carbon atom can be bonded to?

Accepted Answer

A) only 2 
B) only 3 
C) only 4 
D) only 5 
A) only 2 
B) only 3 
C) only 4 
D) only 5

Question 18

The amino acid lysine is shown below. What functional group must be removed in order to produce cadaverine (1,5-pentanediamine)

Accepted Answer

A) One amino group must be removed and replaced with a hydrogen. 
B) The carboxyl group must be removed and replaced with a hydrogen. 
C) The hydrogen (shown)must be removed and replaced with an amino (NH2)group. 
D) Lysine is 1, 5-pentanediamine. Nothing has to be removed. 
A) One amino group must be removed and replaced with a hydrogen. 
B) The carboxyl group must be removed and replaced with a hydrogen. 
C) The hydrogen (shown)must be removed and replaced with an amino (NH2)group. 
D) Lysine is 1, 5-pentanediamine. Nothing has to be removed.

Question 19

What is a hydrocarbon?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a molecule composed of carbon and hydrogen only. 
B) It is a wet carbon atom 
C) It is any organic molecule. 
D) It is a molecule derived from hydrogen synthesis. 
E) none of the above 
A) It is a molecule composed of carbon and hydrogen only. 
B) It is a wet carbon atom 
C) It is any organic molecule. 
D) It is a molecule derived from hydrogen synthesis. 
E) none of the above

Question 20

What would the formula be for the following stick model?

Accepted Answer

A) C6H12 
B) C5H5 
C) C6H10 
D) C5H10 
E) none of the above 
A) C6H12 
B) C5H5 
C) C6H10 
D) C5H10 
E) none of the above

Exam 19: Organic Compounds

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of heteroatoms on hydrocarbons?

An amino acid is an organic molecule that contains both an amine group and a carboxyl group. At neutral pH, which structure is most likely:

Rank the following compounds by solubility in acidic water, from most soluble to least. 1)CH3CH2OH 2)CH3OCH3 3)CH3CH2NH2

A common inactive ingredient in products such as sunscreen lotions and shampoo is triethyl amine, also known as TEA. Which of the following is the chemical structure for this compound? (a)(b)(c)(d)

If an alcoholic beverage has a proof of 151, what is the percentage of alcohol in the beverage?

Which of the following molecules would probably be isolated closest to the bottom of a fractionating tower at a refinery?

Which of the following molecules is a branched hydrocarbon?

Where would you expect to isolate molecules in a fractionating tower that have very few interatomic attractions?

Which of the following molecules contains a ketone?

Why does the melting point of hydrocarbons increase as the number of carbon atoms per molecule increases?

List the following compounds in order of least oxidized to most oxidized

What is a functional group?

Why is 2,4,5-trifluorophenol much more acidic than phenol?

Why do ethers have lower boiling points than that of an alcohol of the same molecular weight?

Which of the above molecules is a carboxylic acid?

Which of the following compounds is likely to have the best water solubility?

Which of the following does not describe the number of other atoms a carbon atom can be bonded to?

The amino acid lysine is shown below. What functional group must be removed in order to produce cadaverine (1,5-pentanediamine)

What is a hydrocarbon?

What would the formula be for the following stick model?

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

Mixtures

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Rocks and Minerals

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Timereading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: the Nature of Science

Filters

Rank the following compounds by solubility in acidic water, from most soluble to least. 1)CH₃CH₂OH 2)CH₃OCH₃ 3)CH₃CH₂NH₂