Question 1

The concept of a chemical bond is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) how two or more atoms are held together 
B) the sharing of nucleons 
C) how two or more electrons reside in an orbital 
D) how much energy it takes to remove an electron from a set of atoms 
E) none of the above 
A) how two or more atoms are held together 
B) the sharing of nucleons 
C) how two or more electrons reside in an orbital 
D) how much energy it takes to remove an electron from a set of atoms 
E) none of the above

Question 2

Given the above diagram, describe what happens electronically between these two molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygen B becomes slightly positively charged due to the electrons on the water molecule. 
B) Oxygen A becomes slightly positively charged due to the electrons on the water molecule. 
C) Oxygen W becomes slightly negatively charged due to the oxygen molecule. 
D) Oxygen W becomes slightly positively charged due to the oxygen molecule. 
E) none of the above 
A) Oxygen B becomes slightly positively charged due to the electrons on the water molecule. 
B) Oxygen A becomes slightly positively charged due to the electrons on the water molecule. 
C) Oxygen W becomes slightly negatively charged due to the oxygen molecule. 
D) Oxygen W becomes slightly positively charged due to the oxygen molecule. 
E) none of the above

Question 3

Which of the following molecules would you expect to be the least attracted to a Na+ ion?

Accepted Answer

A) H-F 
B) H3C-CH3 
C) Cl2CH2 
D) F- 
E) HO- 
A) H-F 
B) H3C-CH3 
C) Cl2CH2 
D) F- 
E) HO-

Question 4

Which of the following intermolecular forces best describes why molecules like sucrose (which has many OH groups)are very water soluble?

Accepted Answer

A) dipole-dipole 
B) induced dipole-induced dipole 
C) dipole-induced dipole 
D) ion-dipole 
E) hydrogen bonding 
A) dipole-dipole 
B) induced dipole-induced dipole 
C) dipole-induced dipole 
D) ion-dipole 
E) hydrogen bonding

Question 5

Given that the total number of atoms on our planet remains fairly constant, how is it ever possible to deplete a natural resource such as a metal?

Accepted Answer

A) The problem remains that not everyone recycles as they should. 
B) Recycling only forestalls the inevitable depletion of metal resources. 
C) The atoms don't leave our planet, which is why naturally occurring materials never really reach the point of depletion. 
D) The problem is with the expense of collecting metal atoms that are uniformly dispersed. 
A) The problem remains that not everyone recycles as they should. 
B) Recycling only forestalls the inevitable depletion of metal resources. 
C) The atoms don't leave our planet, which is why naturally occurring materials never really reach the point of depletion. 
D) The problem is with the expense of collecting metal atoms that are uniformly dispersed.

Question 6

What property of metal atoms account for many of the observed bulk phenomena seen in metal samples?

Accepted Answer

A) Metal atoms easily lose one or more outer electrons. 
B) Metal atoms easily gain one or more outer electrons. 
C) Metals readily form ionic bonds. 
D) Metals readily form covalent bonds. 
E) none of the above 
A) Metal atoms easily lose one or more outer electrons. 
B) Metal atoms easily gain one or more outer electrons. 
C) Metals readily form ionic bonds. 
D) Metals readily form covalent bonds. 
E) none of the above

Question 7

Water, H2O, and methane, CH4, have about the same mass and differ by only one type of atom. Why is the boiling point of water so much higher than that of methane?

Accepted Answer

A) The water molecule is less symmetrical than is the methane molecule. 
B) The oxygen of a water molecule has two lone pairs of electrons. 
C) The electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen is greater than the electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen. 
D) all of the above 
A) The water molecule is less symmetrical than is the methane molecule. 
B) The oxygen of a water molecule has two lone pairs of electrons. 
C) The electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen is greater than the electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen. 
D) all of the above

Question 8

If the following generic atom were to undergo ionization, what would be the charge of most likely product?

Accepted Answer

A) +3 
B) -3 
C) -5 
D) 8 
E) would probably not ionize 
A) +3 
B) -3 
C) -5 
D) 8 
E) would probably not ionize

Question 9

How is it possible for a neutral molecule, such as water, to form an ion?

Accepted Answer

A) It can combine with a hydrogen ion to form a positively charged species. 
B) It can combine with a chloride ion to form a negatively charged species. 
C) It can fragment into protons and electrons. 
D) It can absorb electrons and become negatively charged. 
E) It can absorb electrons and become positively charged. 
A) It can combine with a hydrogen ion to form a positively charged species. 
B) It can combine with a chloride ion to form a negatively charged species. 
C) It can fragment into protons and electrons. 
D) It can absorb electrons and become negatively charged. 
E) It can absorb electrons and become positively charged.

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is polar?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) All are polar. 
E) Only A and C are polar. 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) All are polar. 
E) Only A and C are polar.

Question 11

MgCl2 crystals are composed of

Accepted Answer

A) units of MgCl2 molecules held together by dipole interactions. 
B) groups of Mg2+ ions and Cl2 molecules. 
C) units composed of six Mg atoms and six Cl2 molecules. 
D) a multitude of Mg2+ ions and   ions grouped together in a three-dimensional array with a 1:2 ratio of Mg2+ to   . 
E) a two-dimensional array of [-Mg-Cl-Cl-] units. 
A) units of MgCl2 molecules held together by dipole interactions. 
B) groups of Mg2+ ions and Cl2 molecules. 
C) units composed of six Mg atoms and six Cl2 molecules. 
D) a multitude of Mg2+ ions and   ions grouped together in a three-dimensional array with a 1:2 ratio of Mg2+ to   . 
E) a two-dimensional array of [-Mg-Cl-Cl-] units.

Question 12

Which of the following molecules would contain a dipole?

Accepted Answer

A) H-F 
B) Cl-Cl 
C) H-H 
D) F-F 
E) all of the above 
A) H-F 
B) Cl-Cl 
C) H-H 
D) F-F 
E) all of the above

Question 13

Dipole-induced dipole forces of attraction exist between water and gasoline, and yet these two substances do not mix because water has such a strong attraction for itself. Which of the following compounds might best help to make these two substances mix into a single liquid phase?

Accepted Answer

A) the molecule on the far left because the O-H bond is polar and the carbon and hydrogen bonds are nonpolar 
B) the molecule in the middle because when the salts mix into the water, it will help separate the water and decrease the attraction for itself 
C) The molecule on the right will form attractions with the polar ends of the water, allowing the gasoline a chance to mix with the water. 
D) All of these molecules would be equally effective at increasing the mixing of gasoline and water. 
A) the molecule on the far left because the O-H bond is polar and the carbon and hydrogen bonds are nonpolar 
B) the molecule in the middle because when the salts mix into the water, it will help separate the water and decrease the attraction for itself 
C) The molecule on the right will form attractions with the polar ends of the water, allowing the gasoline a chance to mix with the water. 
D) All of these molecules would be equally effective at increasing the mixing of gasoline and water.

Question 14

The boiling point of 1,4-butanediol is 230°C. Would you expect this compound to be soluble or insoluble in room-temperature water?

Accepted Answer

A) Since there are no polar areas on this molecule, it is insoluble in water at room temperature. 
B) A high boiling point means that the substance interacts with itself quite strongly. Therefore this molecule is not soluble in water. 
C) Since there are polar areas on this molecule, it is insoluble in water at room temperature. 
D) Water would be attracted to both ends of 1,4 butanediol, and it is infinitely soluble in water. 
A) Since there are no polar areas on this molecule, it is insoluble in water at room temperature. 
B) A high boiling point means that the substance interacts with itself quite strongly. Therefore this molecule is not soluble in water. 
C) Since there are polar areas on this molecule, it is insoluble in water at room temperature. 
D) Water would be attracted to both ends of 1,4 butanediol, and it is infinitely soluble in water.

Question 15

Plastic wrap is made of nonpolar molecules and is able to stick well to polar surfaces, such as glass, by way of dipole/induced dipole molecular attractions. How is it that plastic wrap also sticks to itself so well?

Accepted Answer

A) by way of dipole-dipole molecular attractions 
B) by way of dipole-induced dipole molecular attractions 
C) Ions are formed as the plastic rubs against itself. 
D) by way of induced dipole-induced dipole molecular attractions 
A) by way of dipole-dipole molecular attractions 
B) by way of dipole-induced dipole molecular attractions 
C) Ions are formed as the plastic rubs against itself. 
D) by way of induced dipole-induced dipole molecular attractions

Question 16

What is the name for the following polyatomic ion? CH3CO2-1

Accepted Answer

A) acetate 
B) monocarboxylate 
C) carboxylic 
D) acidic 
E) acetic 
A) acetate 
B) monocarboxylate 
C) carboxylic 
D) acidic 
E) acetic

Question 17

What is a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A) a special type of dipole-dipole attraction involving hydrogen bound to a highly electronegative atom 
B) a special type of dipole-dipole attraction involving hydrogen bound to any other atom 
C) a special type of dipole-dipole attraction involving hydrogen bound to another hydrogen atom 
D) a special type of attraction involving any molecules that contain hydrogens 
E) none of the above 
A) a special type of dipole-dipole attraction involving hydrogen bound to a highly electronegative atom 
B) a special type of dipole-dipole attraction involving hydrogen bound to any other atom 
C) a special type of dipole-dipole attraction involving hydrogen bound to another hydrogen atom 
D) a special type of attraction involving any molecules that contain hydrogens 
E) none of the above

Question 18

Why is the surface area of a gecko's foot so extensive?

Accepted Answer

A) A gecko, like all amphibians, needs extensive surface area under foot for stability on land as well as mobility in water. 
B) A gecko's foot acts like a large dipole and thus allows for ion-dipole interaction in water. 
C) The greater the surface area the greater the number of induced dipole-induced dipole forces of attraction that can occur between the gecko's foot and the surface. 
D) The extensive surface area, once charged by the gecko's body, allows for the dipole-dipole attraction of every contact surface. 
A) A gecko, like all amphibians, needs extensive surface area under foot for stability on land as well as mobility in water. 
B) A gecko's foot acts like a large dipole and thus allows for ion-dipole interaction in water. 
C) The greater the surface area the greater the number of induced dipole-induced dipole forces of attraction that can occur between the gecko's foot and the surface. 
D) The extensive surface area, once charged by the gecko's body, allows for the dipole-dipole attraction of every contact surface.

Question 19

Which of the following is most likely to have the weakest induced dipole-induced dipole interaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Cl2 
B) Br2 
C) F2 
D) I2 
E) All of the above have the same interactions. 
A) Cl2 
B) Br2 
C) F2 
D) I2 
E) All of the above have the same interactions.

Question 20

Which of the following is an ion?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 H2 
B) Br2 
C) HCl 
D) Au + 3 Br2 
E) none of the above 
A) 2 H2 
B) Br2 
C) HCl 
D) Au + 3 Br2 
E) none of the above

Exam 15: How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

The concept of a chemical bond is ________.

Given the above diagram, describe what happens electronically between these two molecules.

Which of the following molecules would you expect to be the least attracted to a Na+ ion?

Which of the following intermolecular forces best describes why molecules like sucrose (which has many OH groups)are very water soluble?

Given that the total number of atoms on our planet remains fairly constant, how is it ever possible to deplete a natural resource such as a metal?

What property of metal atoms account for many of the observed bulk phenomena seen in metal samples?

Water, H2O, and methane, CH4, have about the same mass and differ by only one type of atom. Why is the boiling point of water so much higher than that of methane?

If the following generic atom were to undergo ionization, what would be the charge of most likely product?

How is it possible for a neutral molecule, such as water, to form an ion?

Which of the following molecules is polar?

MgCl2 crystals are composed of

Which of the following molecules would contain a dipole?

Dipole-induced dipole forces of attraction exist between water and gasoline, and yet these two substances do not mix because water has such a strong attraction for itself. Which of the following compounds might best help to make these two substances mix into a single liquid phase?

The boiling point of 1,4-butanediol is 230°C. Would you expect this compound to be soluble or insoluble in room-temperature water?

Plastic wrap is made of nonpolar molecules and is able to stick well to polar surfaces, such as glass, by way of dipole/induced dipole molecular attractions. How is it that plastic wrap also sticks to itself so well?

What is the name for the following polyatomic ion? CH3CO2-1

What is a hydrogen bond?

Why is the surface area of a gecko's foot so extensive?

Which of the following is most likely to have the weakest induced dipole-induced dipole interaction?

Which of the following is an ion?

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

Mixtures

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Rocks and Minerals

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Timereading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: the Nature of Science

Filters

Which of the following molecules would you expect to be the least attracted to a Na⁺ ion?

Water, H₂O, and methane, CH₄, have about the same mass and differ by only one type of atom. Why is the boiling point of water so much higher than that of methane?

MgCl₂ crystals are composed of

What is the name for the following polyatomic ion? CH₃CO₂^-1