Question 1

A rem (roentgen equivalent in man)is defined as (the product of)

Accepted Answer

A) the dose in RBE. 
B) the dose in roentgen and the RBE factor. 
C) the dose in rad times the dose in roentgen. 
D) the dose in rad and the RBE factor. 
E) the dose in rad and energy of radiation. 
A) the dose in RBE. 
B) the dose in roentgen and the RBE factor. 
C) the dose in rad times the dose in roentgen. 
D) the dose in rad and the RBE factor. 
E) the dose in rad and energy of radiation.

Question 2

Find the number of nuclei per unit volume (n = nuclei/cm3)for lead.
Atomic weight = 202.7
Density = 11.5 g/cm3
Avogadro's number = 6.02 × 1023

Accepted Answer

A) 2.51 × 1022 
B) 3.42 × 1022 
C) 2.93 × 1022 
D) 2.94 × 1023 
E) 2.05 × 1021 
A) 2.51 × 1022 
B) 3.42 × 1022 
C) 2.93 × 1022 
D) 2.94 × 1023 
E) 2.05 × 1021

Question 3

In neutron capture by an atomic nucleus,the atomic number changes by

Accepted Answer

A) −2. 
B) −1. 
C) 0. 
D) +1. 
E) +2. 
A) −2. 
B) −1. 
C) 0. 
D) +1. 
E) +2.

Question 4

A thermal neutron has an energy (in eV)on the order of

Accepted Answer

A) 40 
B) 0.4 
C) 4 
D) 0.04 
E) 400 
A) 40 
B) 0.4 
C) 4 
D) 0.04 
E) 400

Question 5

A beam of 1-MeV gamma rays incident on a piece of 0.50-cm thick lead is reduced by 50% of its initial value.How thick must the lead be to reduce the beam to one percent of its initial value?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.1 cm 
B) 2.2 cm 
C) 3.3 cm 
D) 4.4 cm 
E) 8.4 cm 
A) 1.1 cm 
B) 2.2 cm 
C) 3.3 cm 
D) 4.4 cm 
E) 8.4 cm

Question 6

A radioactive sample with decay rate R and decay energy Q has power output

Accepted Answer

A)    . 
B) RQ. 
C) Q2R. 
D) equal to any of the above. 
E) equal to (a)or (c)above. 
A)    . 
B) RQ. 
C) Q2R. 
D) equal to any of the above. 
E) equal to (a)or (c)above.

Question 7

When a fast neutron collides with a hydrogen or deuterium nucleus,the most likely result is that

Accepted Answer

A) the neutron has an appreciable gain in kinetic energy,the gain being greatest for head-on collisions. 
B) the neutron has an appreciable gain in kinetic energy,the gain being greatest for oblique collisions. 
C) the neutron has an appreciable loss in kinetic energy,the loss being greatest for head-on collisions. 
D) the neutron has an appreciable loss in kinetic energy,the loss being greatest for oblique collisions. 
E) the neutron is absorbed by the hydrogen or deuterium nucleus. 
A) the neutron has an appreciable gain in kinetic energy,the gain being greatest for head-on collisions. 
B) the neutron has an appreciable gain in kinetic energy,the gain being greatest for oblique collisions. 
C) the neutron has an appreciable loss in kinetic energy,the loss being greatest for head-on collisions. 
D) the neutron has an appreciable loss in kinetic energy,the loss being greatest for oblique collisions. 
E) the neutron is absorbed by the hydrogen or deuterium nucleus.

Question 8

How fast must two deuterium atoms be moving so they can overcome the Coulomb force of repulsion,and attain the necessary 10−14 m for fusion? (m(  
)= 2.014 1 u)

Accepted Answer

A) 3.9 × 106 m/s 
B) 1.3 × 106 m/s 
C) 2.6 × 106 m/s 
D) 5.2 × 106 m/s 
E) 3.7 × 106 m/s 
A) 3.9 × 106 m/s 
B) 1.3 × 106 m/s 
C) 2.6 × 106 m/s 
D) 5.2 × 106 m/s 
E) 3.7 × 106 m/s

Question 9

The theory of nuclear astrophysics is that all the heavy elements like uranium are formed in the interior of massive stars.These stars eventually explode,releasing these elements into space.If we assume that at the time of the explosion there were equal amount of U-235 and U-238,how long ago did the star(s)explode that released the elements that formed our Earth? The present U-235/U-238 ratio is 0.0070.[The half-lives of U-235 and U-238 are 0.7 × 109 yr and 4.47 × 109 yr.]

Accepted Answer

Question 10

In the Lawson number what do the n and  
Stand for?

Accepted Answer

A) ion density,critical ignition temperature. 
B) ion density,confinement time. 
C) neutrino density,confinement time 
D) ion density,critical ignition temperature 
E) neutrino density,reaction mean life. 
A) ion density,critical ignition temperature. 
B) ion density,confinement time. 
C) neutrino density,confinement time 
D) ion density,critical ignition temperature 
E) neutrino density,reaction mean life.

Question 11

One rad is

Accepted Answer

A) the amount of radiation that deposits 10−2 J of energy into 1 kg of absorbing material. 
B) the amount of ionizing radiation that will produce 1/3 × 10−9 C of electric charge in 1 cm3 of air under standard conditions. 
C) the amount of radiation needed for ionization of an atom. 
D) the amount of radiation needed for dissociation of a molecule. 
E) the amount of radiation that deposits one erg of energy in 1g of material. 
A) the amount of radiation that deposits 10−2 J of energy into 1 kg of absorbing material. 
B) the amount of ionizing radiation that will produce 1/3 × 10−9 C of electric charge in 1 cm3 of air under standard conditions. 
C) the amount of radiation needed for ionization of an atom. 
D) the amount of radiation needed for dissociation of a molecule. 
E) the amount of radiation that deposits one erg of energy in 1g of material.

Question 12

When a nucleus at rest spontaneously splits into fragments of mass m1 and m2,the ratio of the momentum of m1 to the momentum of m2 is

Accepted Answer

A)    . 
B)    . 
C) −1. 
D)    . 
E)    . 
A)    . 
B)    . 
C) −1. 
D)    . 
E)    .

Question 13

Find the unknown atomic number and mass number respectively,for the following reaction

Accepted Answer

A) 141,53 
B) 140,54 
C) 53,41 
D) 54,140 
E) 54,141 
A) 141,53 
B) 140,54 
C) 53,41 
D) 54,140 
E) 54,141

Question 14

The reaction  
Is known as a ____ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) beta capture 
B) beta emission 
C) neutron capture 
D) neutron emission 
E) photon emission 
A) beta capture 
B) beta emission 
C) neutron capture 
D) neutron emission 
E) photon emission

Question 15

A principal mechanism for energy loss during nuclear fusion is bremsstrahlung.This loss is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) x-rays emitted due to electron-ion collisions. 
B) radiation losses due to T4 losses. 
C) conduction losses associated with ΔT. 
D) convection losses associated with ΔT. 
E) neutron collisions with atoms of moderator. 
A) x-rays emitted due to electron-ion collisions. 
B) radiation losses due to T4 losses. 
C) conduction losses associated with ΔT. 
D) convection losses associated with ΔT. 
E) neutron collisions with atoms of moderator.

Question 16

When a nucleus at rest spontaneously splits into fragments of mass m1 and m2,the ratio of the velocity of m1 to the velocity of m2 is

Accepted Answer

A)    . 
B)    . 
C) −1. 
D)    . 
E)    . 
A)    . 
B)    . 
C) −1. 
D)    . 
E)    .

Question 17

A nuclear reactor is said to be critical when the average number of neutrons from each fission event that cause(s)another fission event is

Accepted Answer

A) 1. 
D) any of the above. 
E) only (b)or (c)above. 
A) 1. 
D) any of the above. 
E) only (b)or (c)above.

Question 18

Approximately how fast is an ion of helium moving if it is in a plasma with a temperature of 108 K? m(He)= 4.002 603 u and u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg.

Accepted Answer

A) 106 m/s 
B) 104 m/s 
C) 102 m/s 
D) 10 m/s 
E) 1 m/s 
A) 106 m/s 
B) 104 m/s 
C) 102 m/s 
D) 10 m/s 
E) 1 m/s

Question 19

A neutron is characterized by the term "thermal neutron" when

Accepted Answer

A) its energy is of the order kT,where T is on the order of 0°C. 
B) its energy is of the order kT,where T is on the order of 0 K. 
C) its energy is of the order kT,where T is on the order of 273°C. 
D) its energy is of the order kT,where T is on the order of 100°C. 
E) its energy is of the order kT,where T is on the order of 0°R. 
A) its energy is of the order kT,where T is on the order of 0°C. 
B) its energy is of the order kT,where T is on the order of 0 K. 
C) its energy is of the order kT,where T is on the order of 273°C. 
D) its energy is of the order kT,where T is on the order of 100°C. 
E) its energy is of the order kT,where T is on the order of 0°R.

Question 20

Calculate the half-value thickness (in mm)of lead if it reduces the intensity of a beam of x-rays whose wavelength is 10 pm by a factor of two.(Assume the linear absorption coefficient of lead is 43 cm−1 for x-rays of wavelength 10 × 10−12 m. )

Accepted Answer

A) 0.24 
B) 0.20 
C) 0.12 
D) 0.16 
E) 0.18 
A) 0.24 
B) 0.20 
C) 0.12 
D) 0.16 
E) 0.18

Exam 45: Applications of Nuclear Physics

A rem (roentgen equivalent in man)is defined as (the product of)

Find the number of nuclei per unit volume (n = nuclei/cm3)for lead. Atomic weight = 202.7 Density = 11.5 g/cm3 Avogadro's number = 6.02 × 1023

In neutron capture by an atomic nucleus,the atomic number changes by

A thermal neutron has an energy (in eV)on the order of

A beam of 1-MeV gamma rays incident on a piece of 0.50-cm thick lead is reduced by 50% of its initial value.How thick must the lead be to reduce the beam to one percent of its initial value?

A radioactive sample with decay rate R and decay energy Q has power output

When a fast neutron collides with a hydrogen or deuterium nucleus,the most likely result is that

How fast must two deuterium atoms be moving so they can overcome the Coulomb force of repulsion,and attain the necessary 10−14 m for fusion? (m( )= 2.014 1 u)

In the Lawson number what do the n and Stand for?

One rad is

When a nucleus at rest spontaneously splits into fragments of mass m1 and m2,the ratio of the momentum of m1 to the momentum of m2 is

Find the unknown atomic number and mass number respectively,for the following reaction

The reaction Is known as a ____ reaction.

A principal mechanism for energy loss during nuclear fusion is bremsstrahlung.This loss is associated with

When a nucleus at rest spontaneously splits into fragments of mass m1 and m2,the ratio of the velocity of m1 to the velocity of m2 is

A nuclear reactor is said to be critical when the average number of neutrons from each fission event that cause(s)another fission event is

Approximately how fast is an ion of helium moving if it is in a plasma with a temperature of 108 K? m(He)= 4.002 603 u and u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg.

A neutron is characterized by the term "thermal neutron" when

Calculate the half-value thickness (in mm)of lead if it reduces the intensity of a beam of x-rays whose wavelength is 10 pm by a factor of two.(Assume the linear absorption coefficient of lead is 43 cm−1 for x-rays of wavelength 10 × 10−12 m. )

Physics and Measurement

Motion in One Dimension

Vectors

Motion in Two Dimensions

The Laws of Motion

Circular Motion and Other Applications of Newtons Laws

Energy of a System

Conservation of Energy

Linear Momentum and Collisions

Rotation of a Rigid Object About a Fixed Axis

Angular Momentum

Static Equilibrium and Elasticity

Universal Gravitation

Fluid Mechanics

Oscillatory Motion

Wave Motion

Sound Waves

Superposition and Standing Waves

Temperature

The First Law of Thermodynamics

The Kinetic Theory of Gases

Heat Engines, entropy, and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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Gausss Law

Electric Potential

Capacitance and Dielectrics

Current and Resistance

Direct-Current Circuits

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Sources of the Magnetic Field

Faradays Law

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Alternating-Current Circuits

Electromagnetic Waves

The Nature of Light and the Principles of Ray Optics

Image Formation

Wave Optics

Diffraction Patterns and Polarization

Relativity

Introduction to Quantum Physics

Quantum Mechanics

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Nuclear Structure

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Find the number of nuclei per unit volume (n = nuclei/cm³)for lead. Atomic weight = 202.7 Density = 11.5 g/cm³ Avogadro's number = 6.02 × 10²³

How fast must two deuterium atoms be moving so they can overcome the Coulomb force of repulsion,and attain the necessary 10−¹⁴ m for fusion? (m( )= 2.014 1 u)

When a nucleus at rest spontaneously splits into fragments of mass m₁ and m₂,the ratio of the momentum of m₁ to the momentum of m₂ is

When a nucleus at rest spontaneously splits into fragments of mass m₁ and m₂,the ratio of the velocity of m₁ to the velocity of m₂ is

Approximately how fast is an ion of helium moving if it is in a plasma with a temperature of 10⁸ K? m(He)= 4.002 603 u and u = 1.66 × 10−²⁷ kg.

Calculate the half-value thickness (in mm)of lead if it reduces the intensity of a beam of x-rays whose wavelength is 10 pm by a factor of two.(Assume the linear absorption coefficient of lead is 43 cm−¹ for x-rays of wavelength 10 × 10−¹² m. )