Exam 45: Applications of Nuclear Physics

Radiant energy reaching the Earth from the sun is not sufficient to keep the Earth's surface temperature comfortable for life.Of the following,the most likely source of the additional thermal energy is from

How many grams of U-235 must be fissioned every day to produce 1000 MW of electricity in a nuclear power plant that is 1/3 efficient? [Assume 208 MeV/fission and 1 MeV = 1.6 × 10−¹³ J]

A self-sustained chain reaction occurs when the reproduction constant,K,is equal to

What is the average kinetic energy (in keV)of an ion that has a temperature of 10⁸ K?

When a beam of nuclear radiation of initial intensity I₀ passes through a thickness x of material,the intensity of the beam exiting the material is I =

One roentgen is defined as

Radioactive technetium,a gamma emitter,is taken up by the heart muscle in a medical test.The detector for the radiation emitted from the heart could be a

What energy is needed (in MeV)so two deuterium atoms moving together will reach the necessary 10−¹⁴ m for fusion?

The nuclear reaction(s)that is(are)most likely to be employed in fusion reactors on Earth is(are)

Which of the following is not a radiation detector?

A beam of high-energy α-particles is incident upon a person and deposits 0.35 J of energy in 0.80 kg of tissue.What dose in rads and what equivalent dose in rems does the individual receive? [RBE α = 20]

A neutron is known to undergo beta decay (n → p + e− + ))A reasonable mean lifetime for free neutrons is

In order to control a nuclear reactor,control rods can be pulled out of or pushed into the reactor core by remote control.These rods control the reactor by

Background radiation from cosmic rays and radioactive nuclei in our surroundings is about 0.13 rem/year.Suppose we assume this all comes from cosmic rays which have an RBE factor of 1.0.The RBE factor for the most dangerous types of radiation is 20.How many rads of the most dangerous radiation could a 100-year-old person have been exposed to in her lifetime without having gone over the recommended limit of 0.5 rem/year?

In neutron capture by an atomic nucleus,the mass number of the nucleus changes by

How much energy (in MeV)is released when a Fissions to And In the reaction m(n.= 1.008665 u m(U.= 235.043915 u M(Ba)= 140.9139 u M(Kr)= 91.8973 u U = 1.66 × 10−²⁷ kg

The nuclear probability of interacting with neutrons depends most strongly on the neutron's

How much kinetic energy must a deuterium ion (charge 1.6 × 10−¹⁹ C)have to approach to within 10−¹⁴ m of another deuterium ion? (1 MeV = 1.6 × 10−¹³ J)

Approximately how much uranium (in kg)must undergo fission per day to provide 1 000 MW of power? (Assume an efficiency of 30%).The nuclear reaction is ) m(n.= 1.008 665 u m(U.= 235.043 915 u M(Ba)= 140.913 9 u M(Kr)= 91.897 3 u U = 1.66 × 10−²⁷ kg

How many grams of deuterium (atomic mass = 2.0141 u)must be fused to helium (atomic mass 4.0026 u)in one second to produce 3000 MJ of energy? [1 u = 1.66 × 10−²⁷ kg]