Question 1

Natriuresis

Accepted Answer

A) Is decreased Na+ levels in urine 
B) Is decreased Cl- levels in urine 
C) Is increased K+ levels in urine 
D) Is increased PO- levels in urine 
E) None of these choices 
A) Is decreased Na+ levels in urine 
B) Is decreased Cl- levels in urine 
C) Is increased K+ levels in urine 
D) Is increased PO- levels in urine 
E) None of these choices

Question 2

Which of the following chemicals is considered to be a volatile acid?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 
B) O2 
C) H2CO3 
D) Hemoglobin 
E) Calcitriol 
A) CO2 
B) O2 
C) H2CO3 
D) Hemoglobin 
E) Calcitriol

Question 3

Which protein is the main protein buffer in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

A) Albumin 
B) Hemoglobin 
C) Complement 
D) Fibrin 
E) Calmodulin 
A) Albumin 
B) Hemoglobin 
C) Complement 
D) Fibrin 
E) Calmodulin

Question 4

In intracellular fluid the most abundant anion is

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) Cl- 
C) K+ 
D) HPO42- 
E) HCO3- 
A) Na+ 
B) Cl- 
C) K+ 
D) HPO42- 
E) HCO3-

Question 5

In partial compensation

Accepted Answer

A) pH is brought into the normal range 
B) systemic arterial blood is still lower than 7.35 
C) systemic arterial blood is higher than 9.5 
D) pH is greater than 5.5 
E) pH is lower than 2.5 
A) pH is brought into the normal range 
B) systemic arterial blood is still lower than 7.35 
C) systemic arterial blood is higher than 9.5 
D) pH is greater than 5.5 
E) pH is lower than 2.5

Question 6

Normal blood Na+ levels are 136-148 mEq/L.An elderly patient has a blood Na+ of 105 mEq/L.Describe the patient's condition and the signs and symptoms that usually accompany that condition.Be sure to include the functions of Na+ in the body in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The patient has hyponatremia,or low Na⁺ c

Question 7

The major hormone that regulates water loss is

Accepted Answer

A) ANP 
B) Angiotensin II 
C) Renin 
D) ADH 
E) Angiotensin 
A) ANP 
B) Angiotensin II 
C) Renin 
D) ADH 
E) Angiotensin

Question 8

Which of the following occurs between RBC and blood plasma as the blood level of carbon dioxide increases or decreases?

Accepted Answer

A) Chloride shift 
B) Potassium shift 
C) Sodium shift 
D) Bicarbonate shift 
E) Protein shift 
A) Chloride shift 
B) Potassium shift 
C) Sodium shift 
D) Bicarbonate shift 
E) Protein shift

Question 9

Infants experience more problems with acid-base homeostasis and fluid and electrolyte balance based on which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A) Proportion and distribution of water 
B) Metabolic rate 
C) Body surface area 
D) Breathing rate 
E) All of these are factors 
A) Proportion and distribution of water 
B) Metabolic rate 
C) Body surface area 
D) Breathing rate 
E) All of these are factors

Question 10

In extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is:

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) Cl- 
C) K+ 
D) HPO42- 
E) HCO3- 
A) Na+ 
B) Cl- 
C) K+ 
D) HPO42- 
E) HCO3-

Question 11

Which of the following is used to promote Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) ANP 
C) Aldosterone 
D) Parathyroid hormone 
E) All of these choices 
A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) ANP 
C) Aldosterone 
D) Parathyroid hormone 
E) All of these choices

Question 12

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) Calcium 
C) Magnesium 
D) Phosphate 
E) Iron 
A) Na+ 
B) Calcium 
C) Magnesium 
D) Phosphate 
E) Iron

Question 13

Which of the following makes up the largest single component of the human body?

Accepted Answer

A) Skin 
B) Water 
C) Blood 
D) Organs 
E) Electrolytes 
A) Skin 
B) Water 
C) Blood 
D) Organs 
E) Electrolytes

Question 14

A decline in angiotensin II levels does NOT result in

Accepted Answer

A) Increased GFR 
B) Reduced Na+ and Cl- reabsorption by the kidneys 
C) Reduced water reabsorption by the kidneys 
D) Increased Calcium reabsorption 
E) Increased urine output 
A) Increased GFR 
B) Reduced Na+ and Cl- reabsorption by the kidneys 
C) Reduced water reabsorption by the kidneys 
D) Increased Calcium reabsorption 
E) Increased urine output

Question 15

The rate of fluid intake and outflow is how much higher in an infant than in an adult?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 times higher 
B) 5 times higher 
C) 7 times higher 
D) 10 times higher 
E) They are equal 
A) 2 times higher 
B) 5 times higher 
C) 7 times higher 
D) 10 times higher 
E) They are equal

Question 16

The body uses aldosterone to retain sodium.This hormone has the reverse effect on another mineral or compound.This mineral or compound is

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) bicarbonate 
C) chloride 
D) potassium' 
E) phosphate 
A) calcium 
B) bicarbonate 
C) chloride 
D) potassium' 
E) phosphate

Question 17

The response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Dehydration 
B) Formation of angiotensin II 
C) Stimulate the kidneys to secrete rennin 
D) Formation of ADH 
E) Increased vasoconstriction 
A) Dehydration 
B) Formation of angiotensin II 
C) Stimulate the kidneys to secrete rennin 
D) Formation of ADH 
E) Increased vasoconstriction

Question 18

Which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) ANP 
C) Aldosterone 
D) Parathyroid hormone 
E) All of these choices 
A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) ANP 
C) Aldosterone 
D) Parathyroid hormone 
E) All of these choices

Question 19

Explain how it is possible for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (a disease where the patient has difficulty exhaling thus,retaining higher than normal levels of carbon dioxide in the blood stream)to have a normal extracellular pH while having an elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

Elevated partial pressure of carbon diox

Question 20

Describe the negative feedback loop that stimulates thirst as a result of dehydration.

Accepted Answer

Dehydration causes 1

Exam 27: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Homeostasis

Natriuresis

Which of the following chemicals is considered to be a volatile acid?

Which protein is the main protein buffer in blood plasma?

In intracellular fluid the most abundant anion is

In partial compensation

Normal blood Na+ levels are 136-148 mEq/L.An elderly patient has a blood Na+ of 105 mEq/L.Describe the patient's condition and the signs and symptoms that usually accompany that condition.Be sure to include the functions of Na+ in the body in your answer.

The major hormone that regulates water loss is

Which of the following occurs between RBC and blood plasma as the blood level of carbon dioxide increases or decreases?

Infants experience more problems with acid-base homeostasis and fluid and electrolyte balance based on which of the following:

In extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is:

Which of the following is used to promote Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys?

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Which of the following makes up the largest single component of the human body?

A decline in angiotensin II levels does NOT result in

The rate of fluid intake and outflow is how much higher in an infant than in an adult?

The body uses aldosterone to retain sodium.This hormone has the reverse effect on another mineral or compound.This mineral or compound is

The response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT include which of the following?

Which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys?

Describe the negative feedback loop that stimulates thirst as a result of dehydration.

An Introduction to the Human Body

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System: the Axial Skeleton

The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscular Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Nutrition

The Urinary System

The Reproductive Systems

Development and Inheritance

Filters

Normal blood Na⁺ levels are 136-148 mEq/L.An elderly patient has a blood Na⁺ of 105 mEq/L.Describe the patient's condition and the signs and symptoms that usually accompany that condition.Be sure to include the functions of Na⁺ in the body in your answer.