Question 1

Based on your knowledge of ANS receptors,explain how beta blockers are able to manage conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure)?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine and epinephrine binds to beta adrenergic receptors on heart muscle cells and stimulate an increase in heart rate and force of contraction.Beta blockers are antagonists of norepinephrine and epinephrine meaning that beta blockers can bind and block their effects,leading to a decrease in heart rate and force of contraction and lowering of blood pressure.

Question 2

Which structure carries 80% of the parasympathetic outflow??

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) C 
C) D 
D) F 
E) G 
A) A 
B) C 
C) D 
D) F 
E) G A

Question 3

Autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by
1)increasing activities in effector tissue.
2)decreasing activities in effector tissue.
3)allowing bidirectional conduction across synapses.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 1 and 2 
E) 1,2,and 3 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 1 and 2 
E) 1,2,and 3 D

Question 4

Parasympathetic innervation of the liver occurs through

Accepted Answer

A) oculomotor (III)nerve 
B) facial (VII)nerve 
C) glossopharyngeal (IX)nerve 
D) vagus (X)nerve 
E) pelvic splanchnic nerve. 
A) oculomotor (III)nerve 
B) facial (VII)nerve 
C) glossopharyngeal (IX)nerve 
D) vagus (X)nerve 
E) pelvic splanchnic nerve.

Question 5

Neurons leaving the superior cervical ganglion primarily serve what regions? Select all that apply

Accepted Answer

A) Abdominal 
B) Pelvic 
C) Heart 
D) Head 
E) Lungs 
A) Abdominal 
B) Pelvic 
C) Heart 
D) Head 
E) Lungs

Question 6

Cholinergic receptors include

Accepted Answer

A) nicotinic and adrenergic receptors 
B) muscarinic,alpha,and beta receptors 
C) adrenergic and nicotinic receptors 
D) nicotinic and muscarinic receptors 
E) alpha,beta,and nicotinic receptors 
A) nicotinic and adrenergic receptors 
B) muscarinic,alpha,and beta receptors 
C) adrenergic and nicotinic receptors 
D) nicotinic and muscarinic receptors 
E) alpha,beta,and nicotinic receptors

Question 7

Describe the possible ways in which the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron connects with postganglionic neurons after it reaches the sympathetic trunk ganglia.

Accepted Answer

The axon may 1)synapse with postganglion

Question 8

Which structure is dually innervated?

Accepted Answer

A) radial iris muscle 
B) spleen 
C) adipose tissue 
D) most blood vessels 
E) stomach 
A) radial iris muscle 
B) spleen 
C) adipose tissue 
D) most blood vessels 
E) stomach

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is released at the autonomic ganglion by the preganglionic neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) Norepinephrine 
B) Acetylcholine 
C) Epinephrine 
D) Dopamine 
E) Serotonin 
A) Norepinephrine 
B) Acetylcholine 
C) Epinephrine 
D) Dopamine 
E) Serotonin

Question 10

To decrease urine volume,the [dropdown 1] division causes a release of [dropdown 2] to [dropdown 3] receptors causing vasoconstriction of the kidney arterioles involved in filtration.
Dropdown 1 choices:
parasympathetic
sympathetic
Dropdown 2 choices:
acetylcholine
norepinephrine
Dropdown 3 choices:
?1-adrenergic
?2-adrenergic
?1-adrenergic
?2-adrenergic
?3-adrenergic
nicotinic
muscarinic

Accepted Answer

1.sympathe

Question 11

Which neurons would normally have the shortest axons? Select all that apply

Accepted Answer

A) Somatic motor neurons 
B) Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons 
C) Postganglionic sympathetic neurons 
D) Preganglionic sympathetic neurons 
E) Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons 
A) Somatic motor neurons 
B) Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons 
C) Postganglionic sympathetic neurons 
D) Preganglionic sympathetic neurons 
E) Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Question 12

In order for sympathetic preganglionic axons to reach prevertebral (collateral)ganglia,they must travel through

Accepted Answer

A) White rami communicantes 
B) Gray rami communicantes 
C) Splanchnic nerve 
D) Terminal ganglia 
E) Cephalic periarterial nerves 
A) White rami communicantes 
B) Gray rami communicantes 
C) Splanchnic nerve 
D) Terminal ganglia 
E) Cephalic periarterial nerves

Question 13

Where do the structures labeled 1 and 3 in the diagram meet?

Accepted Answer

A) paravertebral ganglia 
B) prevertebral ganglia 
C) terminal ganglia 
D) trunk ganglia 
E) chain ganglia 
A) paravertebral ganglia 
B) prevertebral ganglia 
C) terminal ganglia 
D) trunk ganglia 
E) chain ganglia

Question 14

Identify the structure labeled 2 in the diagram.

Accepted Answer

A) somatic motor neuron 
B) parasympathetic preganglionic neuron 
C) parasympathetic postganglionic neuron 
D) sympathetic preganglionic neuron 
E) sympathetic postganglionic neuron 
A) somatic motor neuron 
B) parasympathetic preganglionic neuron 
C) parasympathetic postganglionic neuron 
D) sympathetic preganglionic neuron 
E) sympathetic postganglionic neuron

Question 15

Which statements about receptors and the neurotransmitters are true?
1)Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors respond to NE
2)Adrenergic receptors respond to ACh
3)ACh binding to nicotinic receptors is excitatory
4)Adrenergic receptors are located on postganglionic neuron cell bodies
5)NE can cause an excitatory or inhibitory effect on effectors
6)Nicotine can mimic ACh

Accepted Answer

A) 1,3,4,6 
B) 1,3,5,6 
C) 3,5,6 
D) 2,4,5 
E) 1,2,3,4,5,6 
A) 1,3,4,6 
B) 1,3,5,6 
C) 3,5,6 
D) 2,4,5 
E) 1,2,3,4,5,6

Question 16

To decrease heart rate,the [dropdown 1] division causes a release of [dropdown 2] to [dropdown 3] receptors.
Dropdown 1 choices:
parasympathetic
sympathetic
Dropdown 2 choices:
acetylcholine
norepinephrine
Dropdown 3 choices:
?1-adrenergic
?2-adrenergic
?1-adrenergic
?2-adrenergic
?3-adrenergic
nicotinic
muscarinic

Accepted Answer

1.parasymp

Question 17

Which sympathetic ganglion supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) Renal ganglion 
B) Superior cervical ganglion 
C) Celiac ganglion 
D) Inferior mesenteric ganglion 
E) Ciliary ganglion 
A) Renal ganglion 
B) Superior cervical ganglion 
C) Celiac ganglion 
D) Inferior mesenteric ganglion 
E) Ciliary ganglion

Question 18

The largest autonomic plexus is called the

Accepted Answer

A) superior mesenteric plexus. 
B) renal plexus. 
C) cardiac plexus. 
D) celiac plexus. 
E) hypogastric plexus. 
A) superior mesenteric plexus. 
B) renal plexus. 
C) cardiac plexus. 
D) celiac plexus. 
E) hypogastric plexus.

Question 19

A doctor makes an injection of medication to relieve upper abdominal pain due to chronic pancreatitis.What area in the diagram is the nerve block targeting?

Accepted Answer

A) B 
B) C 
C) D 
D) M 
E) F 
A) B 
B) C 
C) D 
D) M 
E) F

Question 20

Which disorder involves the loss of sympathetic innervation to one side of the face due to inherited mutation,injury or disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Raynaud's phenomenon 
B) Autonomic dysreflexia 
C) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy 
D) Diabetic neuropathy 
E) Horner's Syndrome 
A) Raynaud's phenomenon 
B) Autonomic dysreflexia 
C) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy 
D) Diabetic neuropathy 
E) Horner's Syndrome

Exam 15: The Autonomic Nervous System

Based on your knowledge of ANS receptors,explain how beta blockers are able to manage conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure)?

Which structure carries 80% of the parasympathetic outflow??

Autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by 1)increasing activities in effector tissue. 2)decreasing activities in effector tissue. 3)allowing bidirectional conduction across synapses.

Parasympathetic innervation of the liver occurs through

Neurons leaving the superior cervical ganglion primarily serve what regions? Select all that apply

Cholinergic receptors include

Describe the possible ways in which the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron connects with postganglionic neurons after it reaches the sympathetic trunk ganglia.

Which structure is dually innervated?

Which neurotransmitter is released at the autonomic ganglion by the preganglionic neuron?

Which neurons would normally have the shortest axons? Select all that apply

In order for sympathetic preganglionic axons to reach prevertebral (collateral)ganglia,they must travel through

Where do the structures labeled 1 and 3 in the diagram meet?

Identify the structure labeled 2 in the diagram.

Which sympathetic ganglion supplies the stomach with postganglionic neurons?

The largest autonomic plexus is called the

A doctor makes an injection of medication to relieve upper abdominal pain due to chronic pancreatitis.What area in the diagram is the nerve block targeting?

Which disorder involves the loss of sympathetic innervation to one side of the face due to inherited mutation,injury or disease?

An Introduction to the Human Body

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System: the Axial Skeleton

The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscular Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Nutrition

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Homeostasis

The Reproductive Systems

Development and Inheritance

Filters