Question 1

Explain how the inhibitory neurotransmitter prevents visual signals from being sent to the brain.

Accepted Answer

In the outer synaptic layer a rod synaps

Question 2

List the structures,spaces,and fluids that light must pass through to reach the retina,and the cells in the retina to reach the photoreceptor cells.

Accepted Answer

Cornea,Aqueous humor

Question 3

Light enters the retina through the layers of neural retina in this order ______;however information is processed through this order _______ in the retina
1)Photoreceptor cell layer
2)Bipolar cell layer
3)Inner synaptic layer
4)Outer synaptic layer
5)Ganglion cell layer

Accepted Answer

A) 1,4,2,3,5 / 5,3,2,4,1 
B) 5,3,2,4,1 / 1,4,2,3,5 
C) 4,1,3,2,5 / 5,2,3,1,4 
D) 5,2,1,3,4 / 4,3,1,2,5 
E) 3,4,5,2,1 / 1,2,5,4,3 
A) 1,4,2,3,5 / 5,3,2,4,1 
B) 5,3,2,4,1 / 1,4,2,3,5 
C) 4,1,3,2,5 / 5,2,3,1,4 
D) 5,2,1,3,4 / 4,3,1,2,5 
E) 3,4,5,2,1 / 1,2,5,4,3

Question 4

Select the sequence of events for the olfactory pathway
1)a second messenger opens cation channels (Na+ and Ca+2)
2)depolarization of olfactory receptor cells occurs
3)odorant binds to olfactory receptor protein
4)G protein activates cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,3,4 
B) 4,2,1,3 
C) 3,4,1,2 
D) 2,1,4,3 
E) 3,1,2,4 
A) 1,2,3,4 
B) 4,2,1,3 
C) 3,4,1,2 
D) 2,1,4,3 
E) 3,1,2,4

Question 5

Which sensory structure in the inner ear is capable of sensing rapid rotation of your head to the left?

Accepted Answer

A) macula of the saccule 
B) macule of the utricle 
C) crista of the horizontal semicircular duct 
D) spiral organ 
E) crista of the posterior semicircular duct 
A) macula of the saccule 
B) macule of the utricle 
C) crista of the horizontal semicircular duct 
D) spiral organ 
E) crista of the posterior semicircular duct

Question 6

How many days after fertilization do the ears begin to develop?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) 150 
C) 10 
D) 22 
E) 55 
A) 5 
B) 150 
C) 10 
D) 22 
E) 55

Question 7

Select the correct order for the neural pathway from the inner ear to the brain.
1)inferior colliculus
2)cochlear branch nerve fibers of cranial nerve VIII
3)superior olivary nucleus in pons
4)hair cells in spiral organ
5)medial geniculate nucleus in thalamus
6)primary auditory cerebral cortex
7)cochlear nuclei in medulla oblongata

Accepted Answer

A) 6,5,1,3,7,2,4 
B) 2,4,7,1,5,3,7 
C) 4,2,7,3,1,5,6 
D) 5,1,3,7,4,2,6 
E) 4,6,2,5,1,7,3 
A) 6,5,1,3,7,2,4 
B) 2,4,7,1,5,3,7 
C) 4,2,7,3,1,5,6 
D) 5,1,3,7,4,2,6 
E) 4,6,2,5,1,7,3

Question 8

Which labeled step(s)represents cis-retinal binding to opsin,regenerating a photopigment that is functional?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) Both 1 and 3 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) Both 1 and 3

Question 9

What lies between the lens and the retina?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitreous chamber 
B) Anterior chamber 
C) Anterior cavity 
D) Cornea 
E) Aqueous humor 
A) Vitreous chamber 
B) Anterior chamber 
C) Anterior cavity 
D) Cornea 
E) Aqueous humor

Question 10

In the diagram what structure is primarily composed of dense connective tissue with high amounts of collagen fibers and fibroblasts?

Accepted Answer

A) F 
B) E 
C) D 
D) A 
E) H 
A) F 
B) E 
C) D 
D) A 
E) H

Question 11

Emily was very ill with an upper respiratory infection.Her roommate gave her some chicken soup to make her feel better.Neither Emily nor her roommate realized that the soup was too hot to eat until after Emily put a spoonful in her mouth.Now Emily says she can't taste anything.Why? When will she be able to taste again?

Accepted Answer

Emily probably already had trouble smell

Question 12

The axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina terminate in the

Accepted Answer

A) optic disk. 
B) optic chiasm. 
C) visual cortex of cerebrum. 
D) lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. 
E) primary somatosensory area of cerebral cortex. 
A) optic disk. 
B) optic chiasm. 
C) visual cortex of cerebrum. 
D) lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. 
E) primary somatosensory area of cerebral cortex.

Question 13

Opsin looks colorless when trans-retinal is separated from opsin.This is termed

Accepted Answer

A) isomerization 
B) conversion 
C) regeneration 
D) bleaching 
E) transition 
A) isomerization 
B) conversion 
C) regeneration 
D) bleaching 
E) transition

Question 14

Which molecule detects light rays that strike the photopigments in the retina?

Accepted Answer

A) cGMP 
B) opsin portion of rhodopsin 
C) cis-retinal 
D) melanin 
E) retinal isomerase 
A) cGMP 
B) opsin portion of rhodopsin 
C) cis-retinal 
D) melanin 
E) retinal isomerase

Question 15

In the diagram,which is a modified sebaceous gland that keeps the eyelids from sticking to each other ?

Accepted Answer

A) D 
B) E 
C) F 
D) G 
E) C 
A) D 
B) E 
C) F 
D) G 
E) C

Question 16

Cones and rods synapse with bipolar cells in the ______ layer.

Accepted Answer

A) ganglion cell 
B) inner synaptic 
C) bipolar cell 
D) outer synaptic 
E) amacrine cell 
A) ganglion cell 
B) inner synaptic 
C) bipolar cell 
D) outer synaptic 
E) amacrine cell

Question 17

Night blindness can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A) Toxic levels of vitamin A 
B) Lack of rhodopsin 
C) Lack of cones 
D) Too low concentration of cAMP 
E) Too high concentration of cAMP 
A) Toxic levels of vitamin A 
B) Lack of rhodopsin 
C) Lack of cones 
D) Too low concentration of cAMP 
E) Too high concentration of cAMP

Question 18

The superior oblique is innervated by [dropdown 1] nerve and the lateral rectus is innervated by [dropdown 2] nerve.All other extrinsic eye muscles are innervated by [dropdown 3] nerve.
*Dropdown choices:
-abducens
-facial
-optic
-oculomotor
-trochlear

Accepted Answer

1.trochlea

Question 19

When you inhale slowly and deeply,this helps identify odors.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) The receptors need more air to the odors. 
B) The threshold for odor detection is high. 
C) More odorants are brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium. 
D) Adaptation to odors is slow. 
E) Olfactory transduction can only occur if a certain level of odorant concentration is available. 
A) The receptors need more air to the odors. 
B) The threshold for odor detection is high. 
C) More odorants are brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium. 
D) Adaptation to odors is slow. 
E) Olfactory transduction can only occur if a certain level of odorant concentration is available.

Question 20

Place the events of sound transduction in order.
1)Exocytosis of neurotransmitters occurs
2)Mechanically-gated channels fully open allowing K+ to enter
3)Calcium voltage-gated channels open
4)stereocilia of hair cells bend
5)Higher frequency of action potentials in first-order neurons
6)Cations entering cause depolarization

Accepted Answer

A) 5,1,3,2,6,4 
B) 2,6,3,4,1,5 
C) 4,1,6,3,2,5 
D) 6,4,2,3,5,1 
E) 4,2,6,3,1,5 
A) 5,1,3,2,6,4 
B) 2,6,3,4,1,5 
C) 4,1,6,3,2,5 
D) 6,4,2,3,5,1 
E) 4,2,6,3,1,5

Exam 17: The Special Senses

Explain how the inhibitory neurotransmitter prevents visual signals from being sent to the brain.

List the structures,spaces,and fluids that light must pass through to reach the retina,and the cells in the retina to reach the photoreceptor cells.

Light enters the retina through the layers of neural retina in this order ______;however information is processed through this order _______ in the retina 1)Photoreceptor cell layer 2)Bipolar cell layer 3)Inner synaptic layer 4)Outer synaptic layer 5)Ganglion cell layer

Select the sequence of events for the olfactory pathway 1)a second messenger opens cation channels (Na+ and Ca+2) 2)depolarization of olfactory receptor cells occurs 3)odorant binds to olfactory receptor protein 4)G protein activates cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Which sensory structure in the inner ear is capable of sensing rapid rotation of your head to the left?

How many days after fertilization do the ears begin to develop?

Which labeled step(s)represents cis-retinal binding to opsin,regenerating a photopigment that is functional?

What lies between the lens and the retina?

In the diagram what structure is primarily composed of dense connective tissue with high amounts of collagen fibers and fibroblasts?

The axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina terminate in the

Opsin looks colorless when trans-retinal is separated from opsin.This is termed

Which molecule detects light rays that strike the photopigments in the retina?

In the diagram,which is a modified sebaceous gland that keeps the eyelids from sticking to each other ?

Cones and rods synapse with bipolar cells in the ______ layer.

Night blindness can be caused by

The superior oblique is innervated by [dropdown 1] nerve and the lateral rectus is innervated by [dropdown 2] nerve.All other extrinsic eye muscles are innervated by [dropdown 3] nerve. *Dropdown choices: -abducens -facial -optic -oculomotor -trochlear

When you inhale slowly and deeply,this helps identify odors.Why?

An Introduction to the Human Body

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System: the Axial Skeleton

The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscular Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Nutrition

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Homeostasis

The Reproductive Systems

Development and Inheritance

Filters

Light enters the retina through the layers of neural retina in this order ;however information is processed through this order _ in the retina 1)Photoreceptor cell layer 2)Bipolar cell layer 3)Inner synaptic layer 4)Outer synaptic layer 5)Ganglion cell layer

Select the sequence of events for the olfactory pathway 1)a second messenger opens cation channels (Na⁺ and Ca⁺²) 2)depolarization of olfactory receptor cells occurs 3)odorant binds to olfactory receptor protein 4)G protein activates cyclic adenosine monophosphate