Question 1

During the antebellum period,factories grew,in part,due to internal economies of scale.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Railroads attracted funds from foreign investors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The percentage of the population that lived in urban areas rose from approximately 5% in 1790?to 40% in 1860.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Why were immigrants attracted to urban areas?

Accepted Answer

Immigrants were attracted to urban areas

Question 5

Funding for canals came from which of the following sources?

Accepted Answer

A)  Private investments and tolls 
B)  Taxes 
C)  Borrowing on government credit 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Private investments and tolls 
B)  Taxes 
C)  Borrowing on government credit 
D)  All of the above

Question 6

The early U.S.canals and railroads were built by private enterprise without the aid of governments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The benefits of urbanization include: crime,pollution,increased taxation and congestion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Government participation in railroad construction was highest in

Accepted Answer

A)  New England. 
B)  the South. 
C)  the Midwest. 
D)  the Great Lakes Region. 
A)  New England. 
B)  the South. 
C)  the Midwest. 
D)  the Great Lakes Region.

Question 9

The efficiency of steamboats was commonly measured by

Accepted Answer

A)  the carrying capacity of the steamboat fleet in terms of tonnage. 
B)  per unit labor costs per vessel. 
C)  the tonnage per vessel transported upstream. 
D)  the actual tonnage transported up and downstream each day. 
A)  the carrying capacity of the steamboat fleet in terms of tonnage. 
B)  per unit labor costs per vessel. 
C)  the tonnage per vessel transported upstream. 
D)  the actual tonnage transported up and downstream each day.

Question 10

Which statement best describes the railroad?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a good example of "technology transfer" (from England to the U.S.)-the first operating railroad was in England. 
B)  It is an American home product-the first operating railroad was in the U.S. 
C)  It was invented in England but first put into operation in the U.S. 
D)  It was invented in the U.S. but first put into operation in England. 
A)  It is a good example of "technology transfer" (from England to the U.S.)-the first operating railroad was in England. 
B)  It is an American home product-the first operating railroad was in the U.S. 
C)  It was invented in England but first put into operation in the U.S. 
D)  It was invented in the U.S. but first put into operation in England.

Question 11

Why do historians argue that there was a mixture of enterprise,partly private and partly governmental,in building our transportation system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Private individuals took the initiative and were able to extract special privileges and financial assistance from government for the purpose of enhancing their profits. 
B)  Political leaders, who wanted transportation improvement for reasons of local or national ambition, took the initiative and coaxed private enterprise into building the transportation ?system by the offer of special financial advantages. 
C)  The sheer size of the investment required for a transportation system was beyond the capability of private enterprise alone. 
D)  All of the above ideas have been used by historians to explain the mixture of enterprise in building our transportation system. 
A)  Private individuals took the initiative and were able to extract special privileges and financial assistance from government for the purpose of enhancing their profits. 
B)  Political leaders, who wanted transportation improvement for reasons of local or national ambition, took the initiative and coaxed private enterprise into building the transportation ?system by the offer of special financial advantages. 
C)  The sheer size of the investment required for a transportation system was beyond the capability of private enterprise alone. 
D)  All of the above ideas have been used by historians to explain the mixture of enterprise in building our transportation system.

Question 12

"Internal economies" derive from all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  Division of labor 
B)  Production of standardized products 
C)  The use of mass production techniques 
D)  There is no "except"; all of the above apply 
A)  Division of labor 
B)  Production of standardized products 
C)  The use of mass production techniques 
D)  There is no "except"; all of the above apply

Question 13

What advantages did the railroad have over the other means of transportation during the pre-Civil War era? Why has modern scholarship deflated the importance of the railroads' role in U.S.history?

Accepted Answer

The railroad had several advantages over

Question 14

Interpret the economic importance of Figures 8-1 and 8-2.Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the canal and railroad systems of transportation.Discuss the economic debate over the railroad system's contribution to economic growth.

Accepted Answer

Figures 8-1 and 8-2 likely depict the gr

Question 15

Which of the following contributed to the increase in steamboat productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Improvements in ship design 
B)  Better docking stations 
C)  Increased competition by railroads 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Improvements in ship design 
B)  Better docking stations 
C)  Increased competition by railroads 
D)  All of the above

Question 16

The Gallatin Plan (1808)

Accepted Answer

A)  was a plan by the U.S. Senate for a comprehensive system of internal land and water transport?in the eastern part of the country to be built by the federal government. 
B)  was promoted on the basis that only the federal government could command sufficient resources to build a transportation system. 
C)  was partially implemented but not completed by the federal government because of concerns about the constitutionality of such federal action. 
D)  was characterized by all of the above. 
A)  was a plan by the U.S. Senate for a comprehensive system of internal land and water transport?in the eastern part of the country to be built by the federal government. 
B)  was promoted on the basis that only the federal government could command sufficient resources to build a transportation system. 
C)  was partially implemented but not completed by the federal government because of concerns about the constitutionality of such federal action. 
D)  was characterized by all of the above.

Question 17

Railroad competition was the primary cause of canal failures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Internal improvements are important to a developing and growing economy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Explain why productivity may rise when railroads,turnpikes,canals and roads help decrease transportation costs.Discuss the roles of specialization and operating on the basis of comparative advantage in a world of low transportation and transactions costs.

Accepted Answer

When transportation costs decrease due t

Question 20

Historians are in general agreement that

Accepted Answer

A)  railroads opened the country and were built at great risk ahead of demand, gambling on the future. 
B)  railroads sharply cut down transportation costs, linking the country together in all directions ?and spurring the nation's growth far in advance of anything that might otherwise have been achieved. 
C)  railroads were the single innovation of the 19th century that created a great leap forward ?in terms of American economic growth. 
D)  none of the above are true. 
A)  railroads opened the country and were built at great risk ahead of demand, gambling on the future. 
B)  railroads sharply cut down transportation costs, linking the country together in all directions ?and spurring the nation's growth far in advance of anything that might otherwise have been achieved. 
C)  railroads were the single innovation of the 19th century that created a great leap forward ?in terms of American economic growth. 
D)  none of the above are true.

Exam 8: Transportation, Internal Improvements, and Urbanization

During the antebellum period,factories grew,in part,due to internal economies of scale.

Railroads attracted funds from foreign investors.

The percentage of the population that lived in urban areas rose from approximately 5% in 1790?to 40% in 1860.

Why were immigrants attracted to urban areas?

Funding for canals came from which of the following sources?

The early U.S.canals and railroads were built by private enterprise without the aid of governments.

The benefits of urbanization include: crime,pollution,increased taxation and congestion.

Government participation in railroad construction was highest in

The efficiency of steamboats was commonly measured by

Which statement best describes the railroad?

Why do historians argue that there was a mixture of enterprise,partly private and partly governmental,in building our transportation system?

"Internal economies" derive from all of the following except

What advantages did the railroad have over the other means of transportation during the pre-Civil War era? Why has modern scholarship deflated the importance of the railroads' role in U.S.history?

Interpret the economic importance of Figures 8-1 and 8-2.Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the canal and railroad systems of transportation.Discuss the economic debate over the railroad system's contribution to economic growth.

Which of the following contributed to the increase in steamboat productivity?

The Gallatin Plan (1808)

Railroad competition was the primary cause of canal failures.

Internal improvements are important to a developing and growing economy.

Explain why productivity may rise when railroads,turnpikes,canals and roads help decrease transportation costs.Discuss the roles of specialization and operating on the basis of comparative advantage in a world of low transportation and transactions costs.

Historians are in general agreement that

Overseas Empire

Colonial Development

America on the Eve of Revolution

Gaining Independence

Westward Expansion

Population and Labor Force

Law and the Rise of Classical American Capitalism

Agricultural Expansion: The Conflict of Two Systems on the Land

The Debate over Slavery

The Early Industrial Sector

The Financial System and the International Economy

Economic Effects of the Civil War

Railroads and Economic Development

Post-Civil War Agriculture

Population Growth and the Atlantic Migration

Industrialization, Entrepreneurship, and Urban Growth

Big Business and Government Intervention

Financial Developments 1863–1914

The Giant Economy and Its International Relations

Labor and the Law

The Command Economy Emerges: World War I

Normalcy”: 1919–1929

The Great Depression

The New Deal

The “Prosperity” of Wartime

Before the New Frontier: The Postwar Economy

Population, Health, and Labor

Postwar Industry and Agriculture

To the New Millennium and Beyond

Does Our Past Have a Future?

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