Question 1

____ food chains tend to predominate in aquatic ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Higher trophic level 
B)  Primary consumer 
C)  Decomposing 
D)  Grazing 
E)  Detrital 
A)  Higher trophic level 
B)  Primary consumer 
C)  Decomposing 
D)  Grazing 
E)  Detrital

Question 2

Which of the following reservoirs holds the most carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marine sediments 
B)  Ocean water 
C)  Plant biomass 
D)  The atmosphere 
E)  Fossil fuel 
A)  Marine sediments 
B)  Ocean water 
C)  Plant biomass 
D)  The atmosphere 
E)  Fossil fuel

Question 3

The process carried out by prokaryotes that converts N2 to ammonia is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia-oxidation 
B)  ammonification 
C)  nitrogen fixation 
D)  nitrification 
E)  denitrification 
A)  ammonia-oxidation 
B)  ammonification 
C)  nitrogen fixation 
D)  nitrification 
E)  denitrification

Question 4

The largest annual movement of carbon between reservoirs occurs ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  from plants to atmosphere 
B)  from soil to atmosphere 
C)  from atmosphere to ocean 
D)  from atmosphere to plants 
E)  from ocean to atmosphere 
A)  from plants to atmosphere 
B)  from soil to atmosphere 
C)  from atmosphere to ocean 
D)  from atmosphere to plants 
E)  from ocean to atmosphere

Question 5

The major reservoir of phosphorus is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sedimentary rock 
B)  plant material 
C)  groundwater 
D)  the atmosphere 
E)  ocean water 
A)  sedimentary rock 
B)  plant material 
C)  groundwater 
D)  the atmosphere 
E)  ocean water

Question 6

Figure 46.2
The following question refers to the accompanying figure illustrating a tallgrass prairie food chain.
-The letter B indicates a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  producer 
B)  herbivore 
C)  detritivore 
D)  carnivore 
E)  decomposer 
A)  producer 
B)  herbivore 
C)  detritivore 
D)  carnivore 
E)  decomposer

Question 7

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below.
-A Venus flytrap devouring an insect to obtain nitrogen functions as this.

Accepted Answer

A) Producer 
B) Primary consumer 
C) Secondary consumer 
D) Tertiary consumer 
E) Decomposer 
A) Producer 
B) Primary consumer 
C) Secondary consumer 
D) Tertiary consumer 
E) Decomposer

Question 8

Overdrawing of river water for human uses results in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lowered water table 
B)  reduced nutrients in river deltas 
C)  dried-up wells 
D)  saltwater contamination 
E)  runoff 
A)  lowered water table 
B)  reduced nutrients in river deltas 
C)  dried-up wells 
D)  saltwater contamination 
E)  runoff

Question 9

What organism is at the first trophic level in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Birds 
B)  Grasshoppers 
C)  Grasses 
D)  Decomposers 
E)  Parasites 
A)  Birds 
B)  Grasshoppers 
C)  Grasses 
D)  Decomposers 
E)  Parasites

Question 10

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Detritus

Accepted Answer

A) Rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis 
B) Main form of carbon storage in sea water; taken up by marine producers and converted to carbon dioxide 
C) A straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher trophic levels 
D) The amount of energy from autotrophs that is available to first-level consumers 
E) The movement of a nutrient among environmental reservoirs and into and out of food webs
F)Particles of organic waste products; dead, or partly decomposed tissues 
A) Rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis 
B) Main form of carbon storage in sea water; taken up by marine producers and converted to carbon dioxide 
C) A straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher trophic levels 
D) The amount of energy from autotrophs that is available to first-level consumers 
E) The movement of a nutrient among environmental reservoirs and into and out of food webs
F)Particles of organic waste products; dead, or partly decomposed tissues

Question 11

In a ____________food web,most energy is transferred from producers to grazers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a ____________food web,most energy is transferred...

Question 12

Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below.
-The action of bacteria on nitrogen-containing animal wastes involves this process.

Accepted Answer

A) Nitrogen fixation 
B) Nitrification 
C) Denitrification 
D) Ammonification 
A) Nitrogen fixation 
B) Nitrification 
C) Denitrification 
D) Ammonification

Question 13

What is the rate at which an ecosystem's producers capture and store energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary production 
B)  Secondary production 
C)  Autotrophic output 
D)  Biomass 
E)  Primary consumption 
A)  Primary production 
B)  Secondary production 
C)  Autotrophic output 
D)  Biomass 
E)  Primary consumption

Question 14

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below.
-A herbivore is this.

Accepted Answer

A) Producer 
B) Primary consumer 
C) Secondary consumer 
D) Tertiary consumer 
E) Decomposer 
A) Producer 
B) Primary consumer 
C) Secondary consumer 
D) Tertiary consumer 
E) Decomposer

Question 15

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below.
-Most fungi function as this.

Accepted Answer

A) Producer 
B) Primary consumer 
C) Secondary consumer 
D) Tertiary consumer 
E) Decomposer 
A) Producer 
B) Primary consumer 
C) Secondary consumer 
D) Tertiary consumer 
E) Decomposer

Question 16

Land plants take up phosphates from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  rainfall 
B)  seawater 
C)  soil water 
D)  the atmosphere 
E)  animal waste 
A)  rainfall 
B)  seawater 
C)  soil water 
D)  the atmosphere 
E)  animal waste

Question 17

Which of the following represents energy flow in a grazing food web?

Accepted Answer

A)  Producers $\rightarrow$ detritivores $\rightarrow$ decomposers 
B)  Producers $\rightarrow$ decomposers $\rightarrow$ detritivores 
C)  Producers $\rightarrow$ herbivores $\rightarrow$ decomposers $\rightarrow$ carnivores 
D)  Producers $\rightarrow$ herbivores $\rightarrow$carnivores $\rightarrow$decomposers 
E)  Producers $\rightarrow$ herbivores $\rightarrow$ detritivores $\rightarrow$ carnivores 
A)  Producers $\rightarrow$ detritivores $\rightarrow$ decomposers 
B)  Producers $\rightarrow$ decomposers $\rightarrow$ detritivores 
C)  Producers $\rightarrow$ herbivores $\rightarrow$ decomposers $\rightarrow$ carnivores 
D)  Producers $\rightarrow$ herbivores $\rightarrow$carnivores $\rightarrow$decomposers 
E)  Producers $\rightarrow$ herbivores $\rightarrow$ detritivores $\rightarrow$ carnivores

Question 18

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Primary productivity

Accepted Answer

A) Rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis 
B) Main form of carbon storage in sea water; taken up by marine producers and converted to carbon dioxide 
C) A straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher trophic levels 
D) The amount of energy from autotrophs that is available to first-level consumers 
E) The movement of a nutrient among environmental reservoirs and into and out of food webs
F)Particles of organic waste products; dead, or partly decomposed tissues 
A) Rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis 
B) Main form of carbon storage in sea water; taken up by marine producers and converted to carbon dioxide 
C) A straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher trophic levels 
D) The amount of energy from autotrophs that is available to first-level consumers 
E) The movement of a nutrient among environmental reservoirs and into and out of food webs
F)Particles of organic waste products; dead, or partly decomposed tissues

Question 19

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below.
-A bear feeding on an adult salmon (which eats other fish,squid,and shrimp)is functioning as this.

Accepted Answer

A) Producer 
B) Primary consumer 
C) Secondary consumer 
D) Tertiary consumer 
E) Decomposer 
A) Producer 
B) Primary consumer 
C) Secondary consumer 
D) Tertiary consumer 
E) Decomposer

Question 20

Which of the following animals in an arctic ecosystem is considered a carnivore?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arctic hare 
B)  Vole 
C)  Snowy owl 
D)  Insects 
E)  Bacteria 
A)  Arctic hare 
B)  Vole 
C)  Snowy owl 
D)  Insects 
E)  Bacteria

Exam 46: Ecosystems

____ food chains tend to predominate in aquatic ecosystems.

Which of the following reservoirs holds the most carbon?

The process carried out by prokaryotes that converts N2 to ammonia is called ____.

The largest annual movement of carbon between reservoirs occurs ____.

The major reservoir of phosphorus is ____.

Figure 46.2 The following question refers to the accompanying figure illustrating a tallgrass prairie food chain. -The letter B indicates a(n)____.

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below. -A Venus flytrap devouring an insect to obtain nitrogen functions as this.

Overdrawing of river water for human uses results in _____.

What organism is at the first trophic level in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Detritus

In a ____________food web,most energy is transferred from producers to grazers.

Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below. -The action of bacteria on nitrogen-containing animal wastes involves this process.

What is the rate at which an ecosystem's producers capture and store energy?

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below. -A herbivore is this.

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below. -Most fungi function as this.

Land plants take up phosphates from ____.

Which of the following represents energy flow in a grazing food web?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Primary productivity

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed below. -A bear feeding on an adult salmon (which eats other fish,squid,and shrimp)is functioning as this.

Which of the following animals in an arctic ecosystem is considered a carnivore?

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters