Question 1

The nephron begins in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  kidney cortex 
D)  ureter 
E)  medulla 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  kidney cortex 
D)  ureter 
E)  medulla

Question 2

Maintaining the volume and composition of extracellular fluid is an essential aspect of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maintaining the volume and composition of extracellular...

Question 3

____ and ____ that enter Bowman's capsule are reabsorbed into blood.

Accepted Answer

A)  Water; urine 
B)  Starches; amino acids 
C)  Amino acids; proteins 
D)  Glucose; amino acids 
E)  Glucose; proteins 
A)  Water; urine 
B)  Starches; amino acids 
C)  Amino acids; proteins 
D)  Glucose; amino acids 
E)  Glucose; proteins

Question 4

Which process describes why a person feels warmer when she moves close to a warm person?

Accepted Answer

A)  Convection 
B)  Evaporation 
C)  Conduction 
D)  Radiation 
E)  Collection 
A)  Convection 
B)  Evaporation 
C)  Conduction 
D)  Radiation 
E)  Collection

Question 5

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Shivering response

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 6

In birds and reptiles,waste ammonia is usually converted to ____,which uses great amounts of energy but yields the greatest water savings.

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid 
B)  protein 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  glucose 
A)  uric acid 
B)  protein 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  glucose

Question 7

Blood pressure drives filtration in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra 
B)  renal artery 
C)  glomerulus 
D)  plasma 
E)  sodium-potassium pumps 
A)  urethra 
B)  renal artery 
C)  glomerulus 
D)  plasma 
E)  sodium-potassium pumps

Question 8

Which of the following is a nontoxic compound that is excreted as crystals mixed with just enough water to produce a thick,white paste?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonium nitrate 
B)  Ammonia 
C)  Uric acid 
D)  Potassium sulfate 
E)  Urea 
A)  Ammonium nitrate 
B)  Ammonia 
C)  Uric acid 
D)  Potassium sulfate 
E)  Urea

Question 9

Figure 40.5B
Use the figure above showing the structure of the human kidney to answer the following question.
-The region where the renal cortex is located is indicated by the letter(s)_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E 
E)  both A and B 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E 
E)  both A and B

Question 10

The following structure is largely impermeable to water and plays a role in concentrating urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Renal medulla 
C)  Distal tubule 
D)  Ascending loop of Henle 
E)  Descending loop of Henle 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Renal medulla 
C)  Distal tubule 
D)  Ascending loop of Henle 
E)  Descending loop of Henle

Question 11

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 12

Figure 40.12A
 
-Blanks "A" and "B" should be labeled,respectively,____.

Accepted Answer

A)  does not gulp; loss 
B)  does not gulp; gain 
C)  gulps; loss 
D)  gulps; gain 
E)  does not gulp; pump 
A)  does not gulp; loss 
B)  does not gulp; gain 
C)  gulps; loss 
D)  gulps; gain 
E)  does not gulp; pump

Question 13

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Heterothermic

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 14

The channel between the bladder and the body surface is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  renal medulla 
B)  fallopian tube 
C)  urethra 
D)  ureter 
E)  epididymis 
A)  renal medulla 
B)  fallopian tube 
C)  urethra 
D)  ureter 
E)  epididymis

Question 15

Figure 40.5B
Use the figure above showing the structure of the human kidney to answer the following question.
-Fluid is reabsorbed from peritubular capillaries and returned to blood circulation via the structure indicated by the letter ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 16

Ectothermic animals regulate their body temperature by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  adjusting their metabolism 
B)  relying on insulation such as feathers 
C)  growing hair 
D)  foraging for food 
E)  altering their position 
A)  adjusting their metabolism 
B)  relying on insulation such as feathers 
C)  growing hair 
D)  foraging for food 
E)  altering their position

Question 17

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Thermal radiation

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 18

Figure 40.7
  
-Where does hormonal adjustment to solute and volume levels occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  C and D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  C and D

Question 19

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Peritoneal dialysis

Accepted Answer

A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus 
A) In hummingbirds, this mode of heat regulation allows higher metabolic rates during the day and cooler body temperature at night. 
B) Method of dialysis in which solution is pumped into a patient's abdominal cavity, and wastes diffuse across the cavity lining into the solution, which is drained out 
C) Bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule 
D) Animals with more or less constant body temperature 
E) Emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
F)Movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
G)State of prolonged inactivity that desert reptiles and amphibians use to survive a hot, dry season
H)Heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
I)Active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries
J)A long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
K)Body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes.
L)Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption
M)Passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
N)Heat energy is transferred from high to low-temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules.
O)Pituitary hormone that increases reabsorption of water through aquaporins
P)Method of removing toxic substances from blood by circulating it through semipermeable tubes immersed in a solution
Q)Fast skeletal muscle contractions stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 20

Figure 40.7
  
-The region where filtration occurs is indicated by the letter(s)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  A and D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  A and D

Exam 40: Maintaining the Internal Environment

The nephron begins in the ____.

Maintaining the volume and composition of extracellular fluid is an essential aspect of __________.

____ and ____ that enter Bowman's capsule are reabsorbed into blood.

Which process describes why a person feels warmer when she moves close to a warm person?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Shivering response

In birds and reptiles,waste ammonia is usually converted to ____,which uses great amounts of energy but yields the greatest water savings.

Blood pressure drives filtration in the ____.

Which of the following is a nontoxic compound that is excreted as crystals mixed with just enough water to produce a thick,white paste?

Figure 40.5B Use the figure above showing the structure of the human kidney to answer the following question. -The region where the renal cortex is located is indicated by the letter(s)_____.

The following structure is largely impermeable to water and plays a role in concentrating urine.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Aldosterone

Figure 40.12A -Blanks "A" and "B" should be labeled,respectively,____.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Heterothermic

The channel between the bladder and the body surface is the _____.

Figure 40.5B Use the figure above showing the structure of the human kidney to answer the following question. -Fluid is reabsorbed from peritubular capillaries and returned to blood circulation via the structure indicated by the letter ____.

Ectothermic animals regulate their body temperature by ____.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Thermal radiation

Figure 40.7 -Where does hormonal adjustment to solute and volume levels occur?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Peritoneal dialysis

Figure 40.7 -The region where filtration occurs is indicated by the letter(s)____.

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters

and that enter Bowman's capsule are reabsorbed into blood.