Question 1

Aerobic respiration became established as a result of the evolution of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the first protocells 
B)  the first true cells 
C)  metabolism 
D)  the nuclear envelope 
E)  the oxygen-producing pathway of photosynthesis 
A)  the first protocells 
B)  the first true cells 
C)  metabolism 
D)  the nuclear envelope 
E)  the oxygen-producing pathway of photosynthesis

Question 2

Which of the following is the only bacteria to photosynthesize by a pathway that produces oxygen as a by-product?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eukaryotic bacteria 
B)  Aerobic bacteria 
C)  Cyanobacteria 
D)  Protocells 
E)  Archeans 
A)  Eukaryotic bacteria 
B)  Aerobic bacteria 
C)  Cyanobacteria 
D)  Protocells 
E)  Archeans

Question 3

The ____ hypothesis states that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  invagination 
B)  exosymbiont 
C)  membrane folding 
D)  captured bacteria 
E)  endosymbiont 
A)  invagination 
B)  exosymbiont 
C)  membrane folding 
D)  captured bacteria 
E)  endosymbiont

Question 4

Proteins that speed metabolic reactions might have first formed when reactants began interacting inside tiny holes in rocks near deep-sea __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Proteins that speed metabolic reactions might have...

Question 5

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-hydrogen

Accepted Answer

A) energy source of the first living organisms 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral species 
A) energy source of the first living organisms 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral species

Question 6

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-bacteria

Accepted Answer

A) a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form).
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group 
A) a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form).
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group

Question 7

The hypothesis that RNA served as the genetic information of early life is called _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribozyme evolution hypothesis 
B)  RNA world hypothesis 
C)  central dogma of molecular biology 
D)  hydrothermal synthesis 
E)  DNA transcription hypothesis 
A)  ribozyme evolution hypothesis 
B)  RNA world hypothesis 
C)  central dogma of molecular biology 
D)  hydrothermal synthesis 
E)  DNA transcription hypothesis

Question 8

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-ribozymes

Accepted Answer

A) energy source of the first living organisms 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral species 
A) energy source of the first living organisms 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral species

Question 9

The "big bang" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  an event marking the beginning of the universe. 
B)  the extinction of the dinosaurs. 
C)  the inevitable end of the universe. 
D)  the collision of the first galaxies forming the universe as it is today. 
E)  the inevitable death of large stars. 
A)  an event marking the beginning of the universe. 
B)  the extinction of the dinosaurs. 
C)  the inevitable end of the universe. 
D)  the collision of the first galaxies forming the universe as it is today. 
E)  the inevitable death of large stars.

Question 10

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-protocells

Accepted Answer

A) energy source of the first living organisms 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral species 
A) energy source of the first living organisms 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral species

Question 11

During the first emergence of life,the atmosphere was ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  high in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide 
B)  high in hydrogen, low in oxygen 
C)  changing from anaerobic to aerobic 
D)  aerobic 
E)  high in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide 
A)  high in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide 
B)  high in hydrogen, low in oxygen 
C)  changing from anaerobic to aerobic 
D)  aerobic 
E)  high in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide

Question 12

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-archaea

Accepted Answer

A) a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form).
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group 
A) a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form).
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group

Question 13

-The spark discharge in the accompanying figure represents ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sunlight energy in the environment. 
B)  heat energy in the environment. 
C)  electrical energy in the environment. 
D)  ionizing radiation in the environment. 
E)  the explosion of the hydrogen gas to release energy for the reactions. 
A)  sunlight energy in the environment. 
B)  heat energy in the environment. 
C)  electrical energy in the environment. 
D)  ionizing radiation in the environment. 
E)  the explosion of the hydrogen gas to release energy for the reactions.

Question 14

The oldest proposed cell microfossils come from structures called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stromatolites 
B)  crystal filaments 
C)  hydrothermal vents 
D)  pyrite 
E)  tectonic plates 
A)  stromatolites 
B)  crystal filaments 
C)  hydrothermal vents 
D)  pyrite 
E)  tectonic plates

Question 15

Which is the first eon for which there is evidence of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archean eon 
B)  Proterozoic eon 
C)  Stromatolite eon 
D)  Hadean eon 
E)  Phanerozoic eon 
A)  Archean eon 
B)  Proterozoic eon 
C)  Stromatolite eon 
D)  Hadean eon 
E)  Phanerozoic eon

Question 16

Membrane-like structures form when proteins or lipids are mixed with water.They serve as a model for __________,which may have preceded cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Membrane-like structures form when proteins or lipids...

Question 17

Which of the following posits that the metabolic reactions that led to the first cells took place on the porous surface of iron-sulfide-rich rocks at hydrothermal vents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrothermal vent hypothesis 
B)  Iron-sulfur world hypothesis 
C)  RNA world hypothesis 
D)  Ribozyme hypothesis 
E)  Protoevolutionary hypothesis 
A)  Hydrothermal vent hypothesis 
B)  Iron-sulfur world hypothesis 
C)  RNA world hypothesis 
D)  Ribozyme hypothesis 
E)  Protoevolutionary hypothesis

Question 18

The evolution of biochemical molecules started on Earth ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  after the appearance of prokaryotic cells 
B)  long before any cells emerged 
C)  after the appearance of eukaryotic cells 
D)  after the appearance of eukaryotic cells but before the appearance of multicellular organisms 
E)  after the appearance of multicellular organisms 
A)  after the appearance of prokaryotic cells 
B)  long before any cells emerged 
C)  after the appearance of eukaryotic cells 
D)  after the appearance of eukaryotic cells but before the appearance of multicellular organisms 
E)  after the appearance of multicellular organisms

Question 19

Chloroplasts ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  resemble photosynthetic bacteria 
B)  utilize the same pigments regardless of what organism they are in 
C)  apparently evolved from mitochondria 
D)  utilize DNA derived from the nucleus 
E)  are found in prokaryotes 
A)  resemble photosynthetic bacteria 
B)  utilize the same pigments regardless of what organism they are in 
C)  apparently evolved from mitochondria 
D)  utilize DNA derived from the nucleus 
E)  are found in prokaryotes

Question 20

According to the __________,the universe formed about 13.7 billion years ago in an instant,with all matter and energy exploding outward.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the __________,the universe formed about...

Exam 19: Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Aerobic respiration became established as a result of the evolution of ____.

Which of the following is the only bacteria to photosynthesize by a pathway that produces oxygen as a by-product?

The ____ hypothesis states that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from bacteria.

Proteins that speed metabolic reactions might have first formed when reactants began interacting inside tiny holes in rocks near deep-sea __________.

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -hydrogen

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -bacteria

The hypothesis that RNA served as the genetic information of early life is called _________________.

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -ribozymes

The "big bang" refers to

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -protocells

During the first emergence of life,the atmosphere was ____.

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -archaea

-The spark discharge in the accompanying figure represents ____.

The oldest proposed cell microfossils come from structures called _____.

Which is the first eon for which there is evidence of life?

Membrane-like structures form when proteins or lipids are mixed with water.They serve as a model for __________,which may have preceded cells.

Which of the following posits that the metabolic reactions that led to the first cells took place on the porous surface of iron-sulfide-rich rocks at hydrothermal vents?

The evolution of biochemical molecules started on Earth ____.

Chloroplasts ____.

According to the __________,the universe formed about 13.7 billion years ago in an instant,with all matter and energy exploding outward.

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters