Exam 4: Analysis of Financial Statements

Herring Corporation has operating income of $225,000 and a 40% tax rate.The firm has short-term debt of $120,000,long-term debt of $330,000,and common equity of $450,000.What is its return on invested capital?

Considered alone,which of the following would increase a company's current ratio?

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Suppose you are analyzing two firms in the same industry.Firm A has a profit margin of 10% versus a profit margin of 8% for Firm B.Firm A's total debt to total capital ratio [measured as (Short-term debt + Long-term debt)/(Debt + Preferred stock + Common equity)] is 70% versus one of 20% for Firm B.Based only on these two facts,you cannot reach a conclusion as to which firm is better managed,because the difference in debt,not better management,could be the cause of Firm A's higher profit margin.

Royce Corp's sales last year were $280,000,and its net income was $23,000.What was its profit margin?

The "apparent," but not necessarily the "true," financial position of a company whose sales are seasonal can change dramatically during a given year,depending on the time of year when the financial statements are constructed.

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Safeco's current assets total to $20 million versus $10 million of current liabilities,while Risco's current assets are $10 million versus $20 million of current liabilities.Both firms would like to "window dress" their end-of-year financial statements,and to do so they tentatively plan to borrow $10 million on a short-term basis and to then hold the borrowed funds in their cash accounts.Which of the statements below best describes the results of these transactions?

Brookman Inc's latest EPS was $2.75,its book value per share was $22.75,it had 315,000 shares outstanding,and its debt/total invested capital ratio was 44%.The firm finances using only debt and common equity and its total assets equal total invested capital.How much debt was outstanding?

Klein Cosmetics has a profit margin of 5.0%,a total assets turnover ratio of 1.5 times,no debt and therefore an equity multiplier of 1.0,and an ROE of 7.5%.The CFO recommends that the firm borrow funds using long-term debt,use the funds to buy back stock,and raise the equity multiplier to 2.0.The size of the firm (assets)would not change.She thinks that operations would not be affected,but interest on the new debt would lower the profit margin to 4.5%.This would probably be a good move,as it would increase the ROE from 7.5% to 13.5%.

The price/earnings (P/E)ratio tells us how much investors are willing to pay for a dollar of current earnings.In general,investors regard companies with higher P/E ratios as being less risky and/or more likely to enjoy higher growth in the future.

Quigley Inc.is considering two financial plans for the coming year.Management expects sales to be $300,000,operating costs to be $265,000,assets (which is equal to its total invested capital)to be $200,000,and its tax rate to be 35%.Under Plan A it would finance the firm using 25% debt and 75% common equity.The interest rate on the debt would be 8.8%,but under a contract with existing bondholders the TIE ratio would have to be maintained at or above 4.0.Under Plan B,the maximum debt that met the TIE constraint would be employed.Assuming that sales,operating costs,assets,total invested capital,the interest rate,and the tax rate would all remain constant,by how much would the ROE change in response to the change in the capital structure?

Han Corp's sales last year were $425,000,and its year-end receivables were $52,500.The firm sells on terms that call for customers to pay 30 days after the purchase,but some delay payment beyond Day 30.On average,how many days late do customers pay? Base your answer on this equation: DSO − Allowed credit period = Average days late,and use a 365-day year when calculating the DSO.

Taggart Technologies is considering issuing new common stock and using the proceeds to reduce its outstanding debt.The stock issue would have no effect on total assets,the interest rate Taggart pays,EBIT,or the tax rate.Which of the following is likely to occur if the company goes ahead with the stock issue?

Profitability ratios show the combined effects of liquidity,asset management,and debt management on a firm's operating results.

Determining whether a firm's financial position is improving or deteriorating requires analyzing more than the ratios for a given year.Trend analysis is one method of examining changes in a firm's performance over time.

Last year Rennie Industries had sales of $305,000,assets of $175,000 (which equals total invested capital),a profit margin of 5.3%,and an equity multiplier of 1.2.The CFO believes that the company could reduce its assets by $51,000 without affecting either sales or costs.The firm finances using only debt and common equity.Had it reduced its assets by this amount,and had the debt/total invested capital ratio,sales,and costs remained constant,how much would the ROE have changed?

Exhibit 4.1 The balance sheet and income statement shown below are for Koski Inc. Note that the firm has no amortization charges, it does not lease any assets, none of its debt must be retired during the next 5 years, and the notes payable will be rolled over. -Refer to Exhibit 4.1.What is the firm's book value per share?

A firm wants to strengthen its financial position.Which of the following actions would increase its current ratio?

A good bit of relatively simple algebra is involved in these problems, and although the calculations are simple, it will take students some time to set up the problems and do the arithmetic. We allow for this when assigning problems for a timed test. Also, note that students must know the definitions of a number of ratios to answer the questions. We provide our students with a formula sheet on exams, using the relevant sections of Appendix C at the then of the text. Otherwise, they spend too much time trying to memorize thing rather than trying to understand the issues. The difficulty of the problems depends on (1) whether or not students are provided with a formula sheet and (2) the amount of time they have to work the problems. Out difficulty assessments assume that they have a formula sheet and a "reasonable" amount of time for the test. Note that a few of the problems are trivially easy if students have formula sheets. To work some of the problems, students must transpose equations and solve for items that are normally inputs. For example, the equation for the profit margin is given as Profit margin = Net income/Sales. We might have a problem where sales and the profit margin are given and then require students to find the firm's net income. We explain to our students in class before the exam that they will have to transpose terms in the formulas to work some problems. Problems 84 through 114 are all stand-along problems with individualized data. Problems 115 through 133 are all based on a common set of financial statements, and they require students to calculate ratios and find items like EPS, TIE, and the like using this data set. The financial statements can be changed algorithmically, and this changes the calculated ratios and other items. -Ryngard Corp's sales last year were $38,000,and its total assets were $16,000.What was its total assets turnover ratio (TATO)?