Question 1

Concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium sulfate,ammonium carbonate,and nickel (II)nitrate are mixed together.The precipitate which forms is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) nickel (II)carbonate 
B) nickel (II)sulfate 
C) sodium carbonate 
D) ammonium sulfate 
E) nothing precipitates 
A) nickel (II)carbonate 
B) nickel (II)sulfate 
C) sodium carbonate 
D) ammonium sulfate 
E) nothing precipitates

Question 2

What is the minimum pH at which cobalt(II)hydroxide (Ksp = 2.0 × 10-16)will precipitate from an aqueous solution of 0.020 M in Co2+?

Accepted Answer

A) 5.8 
B) 6.2 
C) 7.0 
D) 7.8 
E) 8.2 
A) 5.8 
B) 6.2 
C) 7.0 
D) 7.8 
E) 8.2

Question 3

Solid potassium chromate (K2CrO4)is slowly added to a solution containing 0.50 mol L-1 AgNO3(aq)and 0.50 mol L-1 Ba(NO3)2(aq).What is the Ag+(aq)concentration when BaCrO4(s)just starts to precipitate? 
The Ksp for Ag2CrO4(s)and BaCrO4(s)are 1.1 × 10-12 and   Respectively.

Accepted Answer

A) 6.5 × 10-5 mol L-1 
B) 1.3 × 10-4 mol L-1 
C) 3.2 × 10-4 mol L-1 
D) 6.8 × 10-2 mol L-1 
A) 6.5 × 10-5 mol L-1 
B) 1.3 × 10-4 mol L-1 
C) 3.2 × 10-4 mol L-1 
D) 6.8 × 10-2 mol L-1

Question 4

In a qualitative cation analysis,the unknown ion is unaffected by HCl(aq),but is precipitated by aqueous hydrogen sulfide.The unknown ion is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) NH4+ 
B) Cu2+ 
C) Ag+ 
D) K+ 
E) Na+ 
A) NH4+ 
B) Cu2+ 
C) Ag+ 
D) K+ 
E) Na+

Question 5

In a qualitative cation analysis,the unknown ion is not precipitated by HCl or H2S,but is precipitated by CO32-.The unknown ion is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Ag+ 
B) Mn2+ 
C) Ca2+ 
D) K+ 
E) Al3+ 
A) Ag+ 
B) Mn2+ 
C) Ca2+ 
D) K+ 
E) Al3+

Question 6

The solubility of a salt MX2 with a molar mass of 170 g/mol is 12.7 g/L.Calculate the Ksp.

Accepted Answer

A) 4.17 × 10-4  
B) 5.58 × 10-3  
C) 9.59 × 103  
D) 2.23 × 10-2  
E) 1.67 × 10-3  
A) 4.17 × 10-4  
B) 5.58 × 10-3  
C) 9.59 × 103  
D) 2.23 × 10-2  
E) 1.67 × 10-3

Question 7

A solution of NaF(aq)is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.0102 mol L-1 in   (aq).When the concentration of   (aq)exceeds ________ mol L-1,   (s)will precipitate.Neglect volume changes.For  
(s),

Accepted Answer

A) 8.6 ×   
B) 1.3 × 10-2 
C) 1.7 ×   
D) 3.3 ×   
E) 1.7 × 10-4 
A) 8.6 ×   
B) 1.3 × 10-2 
C) 1.7 ×   
D) 3.3 ×   
E) 1.7 × 10-4

Question 8

Write the solubility product constant expression for the following salt: Ca(OH)2(s).

Accepted Answer

A) [Ca2+][OH-] 
B) [Ca2+]2[OH-] 
C) [Ca2+]3[OH-] 
D) [Ca2+]2[OH-]2  
E) [Ca2+][OH-]2  
A) [Ca2+][OH-] 
B) [Ca2+]2[OH-] 
C) [Ca2+]3[OH-] 
D) [Ca2+]2[OH-]2  
E) [Ca2+][OH-]2

Question 9

When 100 mL each of 2.0 × 10-4 M Ag+(aq)and 2.0 × 10-1 M CO32-(aq)are mixed,what is the remaining Ag+(aq)ion concentration and is precipitation complete? The solubility product constant of Ag2CO3(s)is 8.5 × 10-12.

Accepted Answer

A) 4.2 × 10-8 M,yes 
B) 2.0 × 10-4 M,no 
C) 9.2 × 10-6 M,no 
D) 1.0 × 10-3 M,no 
E) 8.5 × 10-9 M,yes 
A) 4.2 × 10-8 M,yes 
B) 2.0 × 10-4 M,no 
C) 9.2 × 10-6 M,no 
D) 1.0 × 10-3 M,no 
E) 8.5 × 10-9 M,yes

Question 10

Which of the following salts,each of which has a solubility product equal to 1.0 × 10-6,has the greatest molar solubility?

Accepted Answer

A) MX 
B) MX2  
C) MX3  
D) M2X 
A) MX 
B) MX2  
C) MX3  
D) M2X

Question 11

An aqueous solution contains [Ba2+] = 5.0 × 10-5 M,[Ag+] = 3.0 × 10-5 M,and [Zn2+] = 2.0 × 10-7 M.Sodium oxalate is slowly added so that [C2O42-] increases.
Salt BaC2O4 ZnC2O4 Ag2C2O4 
Ksp 1.5 × 10-8 1.35 × 10-9 1.1 × 10-11
What is the concentration of the first cation to precipitate when the second cation just begins to precipitate?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.3 × 10-6 M 
B) 2.2 × 10-6 M 
C) 5.0 × 10-5 M 
D) 1.35 × 10-9 M 
E) 1.1 × 10-11 M 
A) 1.3 × 10-6 M 
B) 2.2 × 10-6 M 
C) 5.0 × 10-5 M 
D) 1.35 × 10-9 M 
E) 1.1 × 10-11 M

Question 12

If chromium(III)chloride is added to be 1 × 10-12 M in an aqueous solution that is 0.10 M NH3,what is Qsp and will Cr(OH)3(s)precipitate? The Ksp of Cr(OH)3 is 6.3 × 10-31 and Kb for NH3 is 1.8 × 10-5.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.0 × 10-16,yes 
B) 2.4 × 10-23,no 
C) 2.2 × 10-19,no 
D) 2.2 × 10-19,yes 
E) 2.4 × 10-21,yes 
A) 1.0 × 10-16,yes 
B) 2.4 × 10-23,no 
C) 2.2 × 10-19,no 
D) 2.2 × 10-19,yes 
E) 2.4 × 10-21,yes

Question 13

The solubility product constant of silver sulfate is 1.6 × 10-5.What is the molar solubility of this compound?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.6 × 10-5 M 
B) (16/2)1/2 × 10-2 M 
C) (16/4)1/3 × 10-2 M 
D) (16)1/2 × 10-3 M 
E) (16/4)2/3 × 10-2 M 
A) 1.6 × 10-5 M 
B) (16/2)1/2 × 10-2 M 
C) (16/4)1/3 × 10-2 M 
D) (16)1/2 × 10-3 M 
E) (16/4)2/3 × 10-2 M

Question 14

Write the solubility product constant expression for the following salt: Na2CO3(s).

Accepted Answer

A) [Na+][CO32-] 
B) [Na+][CO32-]2  
C) [Na+]2[CO32-]2  
D) [Na+]2[CO32-] 
E) 4[Na+]2[CO32-] 
A) [Na+][CO32-] 
B) [Na+][CO32-]2  
C) [Na+]2[CO32-]2  
D) [Na+]2[CO32-] 
E) 4[Na+]2[CO32-]

Question 15

The solubility of copper(II)iodate Cu(IO3)2 is reported as 0.12 g per 100 mL.What is the solubility product constant for this salt?

Accepted Answer

A) 9.8 × 10-8  
B) 8.6 × 10-7  
C) 7.3 × 10-6  
D) 6.4 × 10-5  
E) 1.2 × 10-4  
A) 9.8 × 10-8  
B) 8.6 × 10-7  
C) 7.3 × 10-6  
D) 6.4 × 10-5  
E) 1.2 × 10-4

Question 16

When equal volumes of the indicated aqueous solutions are mixed,precipitation should occur only for:

Accepted Answer

A) 2 × 10-5 M Ag+ + 2 × 10-5 M CO32-  
B) 2 × 10-4 M Ca2+ + 2 × 10-4 M CO32-  
C) 2 × 10-5 M Ca2+ + 2 × 10-3 M F-  
D) 2 × 10-5 M Mg2+ + 2 × 10-6 M F-  
E) 2 × 10-3 M Ba2+ + 2 × 10-3 M F-  
A) 2 × 10-5 M Ag+ + 2 × 10-5 M CO32-  
B) 2 × 10-4 M Ca2+ + 2 × 10-4 M CO32-  
C) 2 × 10-5 M Ca2+ + 2 × 10-3 M F-  
D) 2 × 10-5 M Mg2+ + 2 × 10-6 M F-  
E) 2 × 10-3 M Ba2+ + 2 × 10-3 M F-

Question 17

In which of the following aqueous solutions would solid AgCl  be expected to be the least soluble at 25 °C?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.1 mol L-1 HCl 
B) 0.1 mol L-1 KCl 
C) 0.1 mol L-1 BaCl2 
D) 0.1 mol L-1 KNO3 
A) 0.1 mol L-1 HCl 
B) 0.1 mol L-1 KCl 
C) 0.1 mol L-1 BaCl2 
D) 0.1 mol L-1 KNO3

Question 18

Which of the following reduces the solubility of calcium fluoride?

Accepted Answer

A) presence of "uncommon ions" such as Na+ and Cl-  
B) formation of the ion-pair CaF+  
C) formation of the complex ion CaF42-  
D) decreasing the pH 
E) cooling the solution 
A) presence of "uncommon ions" such as Na+ and Cl-  
B) formation of the ion-pair CaF+  
C) formation of the complex ion CaF42-  
D) decreasing the pH 
E) cooling the solution

Question 19

What is the composition of the precipitate formed when H2S gas is bubbled through 1.0 litre of a solution of 0.010 M Zn2+,0.010 M Pb2+,and 0.010 M Mn2+,buffered at pH 2.0,until 0.10 mol of H2S has been added? 
(Ksp values are: ZnS: 1.6 × 10-23;MnS: 7.0 × 10-16;PbS: 7.0 × 10-29.For H2S,Ka1 = 1.0 × 10-7;Ka2 = 1.3 × 10-13 ).

Accepted Answer

A) only ZnS 
B) only MnS 
C) only PbS 
D) only MnS and PbS 
E) only ZnS and PbS 
A) only ZnS 
B) only MnS 
C) only PbS 
D) only MnS and PbS 
E) only ZnS and PbS

Question 20

In which of the following solutions will the concentration of dissolved silver species be the highest if solid AgNO3 is stirred with 1.00 L of solution?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.00 M NH3(aq) 
B) 1.00 M NaOH 
C) 1.00 M Na2SO4(aq) 
D) 1.00 M NaCl(aq) 
E) 1.00 M NaC2H3O2(aq) 
A) 1.00 M NH3(aq) 
B) 1.00 M NaOH 
C) 1.00 M Na2SO4(aq) 
D) 1.00 M NaCl(aq) 
E) 1.00 M NaC2H3O2(aq)

Exam 18: Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibria

Concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium sulfate,ammonium carbonate,and nickel (II)nitrate are mixed together.The precipitate which forms is ________.

What is the minimum pH at which cobalt(II)hydroxide (Ksp = 2.0 × 10-16)will precipitate from an aqueous solution of 0.020 M in Co2+?

Solid potassium chromate (K2CrO4)is slowly added to a solution containing 0.50 mol L-1 AgNO3(aq)and 0.50 mol L-1 Ba(NO3)2(aq).What is the Ag+(aq)concentration when BaCrO4(s)just starts to precipitate? The Ksp for Ag2CrO4(s)and BaCrO4(s)are 1.1 × 10-12 and Respectively.

In a qualitative cation analysis,the unknown ion is unaffected by HCl(aq),but is precipitated by aqueous hydrogen sulfide.The unknown ion is ________.

In a qualitative cation analysis,the unknown ion is not precipitated by HCl or H2S,but is precipitated by CO32-.The unknown ion is ________.

The solubility of a salt MX2 with a molar mass of 170 g/mol is 12.7 g/L.Calculate the Ksp.

A solution of NaF(aq)is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.0102 mol L-1 in (aq).When the concentration of (aq)exceeds ________ mol L-1, (s)will precipitate.Neglect volume changes.For (s),

Write the solubility product constant expression for the following salt: Ca(OH)2(s).

When 100 mL each of 2.0 × 10-4 M Ag+(aq)and 2.0 × 10-1 M CO32-(aq)are mixed,what is the remaining Ag+(aq)ion concentration and is precipitation complete? The solubility product constant of Ag2CO3(s)is 8.5 × 10-12.

Which of the following salts,each of which has a solubility product equal to 1.0 × 10-6,has the greatest molar solubility?

If chromium(III)chloride is added to be 1 × 10-12 M in an aqueous solution that is 0.10 M NH3,what is Qsp and will Cr(OH)3(s)precipitate? The Ksp of Cr(OH)3 is 6.3 × 10-31 and Kb for NH3 is 1.8 × 10-5.

The solubility product constant of silver sulfate is 1.6 × 10-5.What is the molar solubility of this compound?

Write the solubility product constant expression for the following salt: Na2CO3(s).

The solubility of copper(II)iodate Cu(IO3)2 is reported as 0.12 g per 100 mL.What is the solubility product constant for this salt?

When equal volumes of the indicated aqueous solutions are mixed,precipitation should occur only for:

In which of the following aqueous solutions would solid AgCl be expected to be the least soluble at 25 °C?

Which of the following reduces the solubility of calcium fluoride?

In which of the following solutions will the concentration of dissolved silver species be the highest if solid AgNO3 is stirred with 1.00 L of solution?

Matter: Its Properties and Measurement

Atoms and the Atomic Theory

Chemical Compounds

Chemical Reactions

Introduction to Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Gases

Thermochemistry

Electrons in Atoms

The Periodic Table and Some Atomic Properties

Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts

Chemical Bonding Ii: Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theories

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids and Solids

Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Gibbs Energy

Solutions and Their Physical Properties

Principles of Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Additional Aspects of Acidbase Equilibria

Electrochemistry

Chemical Kinetics

Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements I: Groups 1,2,13,and 14

Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements Ii: Groups 18,17,16,15,and Hydrogen

The Transition Elements

Complex Ions and Coordination Compounds

Nuclear Chemistry

Structures of Organic Compounds

Reactions of Organic Compounds

Chemistry of the Living State

Filters

What is the minimum pH at which cobalt(II)hydroxide (K_sp = 2.0 × 10^-16)will precipitate from an aqueous solution of 0.020 M in Co²⁺?

Solid potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄)is slowly added to a solution containing 0.50 mol L^-1 AgNO₃(aq)and 0.50 mol L^-1 Ba(NO₃)₂(aq).What is the Ag⁺(aq)concentration when BaCrO₄(s)just starts to precipitate? The K_sp for Ag₂CrO₄(s)and BaCrO₄(s)are 1.1 × 10^-12 and Respectively.

In a qualitative cation analysis,the unknown ion is not precipitated by HCl or H₂S,but is precipitated by CO₃^2-.The unknown ion is ________.

The solubility of a salt MX₂ with a molar mass of 170 g/mol is 12.7 g/L.Calculate the K_sp.

A solution of NaF(aq)is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.0102 mol L^-1 in (aq).When the concentration of (aq)exceeds ________ mol L^-1, (s)will precipitate.Neglect volume changes.For (s),

Write the solubility product constant expression for the following salt: Ca(OH)₂(s).

When 100 mL each of 2.0 × 10^-4 M Ag⁺(aq)and 2.0 × 10^-1 M CO₃^2-(aq)are mixed,what is the remaining Ag⁺(aq)ion concentration and is precipitation complete? The solubility product constant of Ag₂CO₃(s)is 8.5 × 10^-12.

Which of the following salts,each of which has a solubility product equal to 1.0 × 10^-6,has the greatest molar solubility?

If chromium(III)chloride is added to be 1 × 10^-12M in an aqueous solution that is 0.10 M NH₃,what is Q_spand will Cr(OH)₃(s)precipitate? The K_sp of Cr(OH)₃ is 6.3 × 10^-31 and K_b for NH₃ is 1.8 × 10^-5.

The solubility product constant of silver sulfate is 1.6 × 10^-5.What is the molar solubility of this compound?

Write the solubility product constant expression for the following salt: Na₂CO₃(s).

The solubility of copper(II)iodate Cu(IO₃)₂ is reported as 0.12 g per 100 mL.What is the solubility product constant for this salt?

In which of the following solutions will the concentration of dissolved silver species be the highest if solid AgNO₃ is stirred with 1.00 L of solution?