Question 1

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

An individual has been born with Kartagener's syndrome, a disorder of microtubules that impairs the motion of cilia and flagella.What type of infections would you predict would be most common in this individual?

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory 
B) oral 
C) gastric 
D) uterine 
A) respiratory 
B) oral 
C) gastric 
D) uterine

Question 3

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are

Accepted Answer

A) complements. 
B) interferons. 
C) leukotrienes. 
D) pyrogens. 
E) lysozymes. 
A) complements. 
B) interferons. 
C) leukotrienes. 
D) pyrogens. 
E) lysozymes.

Question 4

Plasma cells

Accepted Answer

A) function in cell-mediated immunity. 
B) are derived from T-lymphocytes. 
C) function in blood clotting. 
D) produce and secrete antibodies. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) function in cell-mediated immunity. 
B) are derived from T-lymphocytes. 
C) function in blood clotting. 
D) produce and secrete antibodies. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 5

Describe the physical or anatomical barriers at the following body sites, and explain how they accomplish body defense: a) eyes, b) skin, c) gastrointestinal tract, d) respiratory tract, and e) urinary tract.

Accepted Answer

a) Eyes: The eyes are protected by physi

Question 6

Each of the following will enhance and promote phagocytosis, except

Accepted Answer

A) deposition of complement fragments on bacterial cells. 
B) interaction of TLRs and PAMPs. 
C) tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and other cytokines. 
D) deposition of interferon on bacterial cells. 
A) deposition of complement fragments on bacterial cells. 
B) interaction of TLRs and PAMPs. 
C) tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and other cytokines. 
D) deposition of interferon on bacterial cells.

Question 7

Describe the cell morphology, colors, and percentage of the total white blood cell count for each type of white blood cell that would be distinguished by a hematologist analyzing a stained blood smear.

Accepted Answer

The cell morphology, colors, and percent

Question 8

Which is incorrect about inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) It can last hours to years. 
B) Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. 
C) Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. 
D) Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. 
E) Basophils and mast cells release histamine. 
A) It can last hours to years. 
B) Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. 
C) Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. 
D) Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. 
E) Basophils and mast cells release histamine.

Question 9

Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Inflammatory response 
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils 
C) Interferon 
D) T-cell and B-cell responses 
E) Anatomical barriers in the body 
A) Inflammatory response 
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils 
C) Interferon 
D) T-cell and B-cell responses 
E) Anatomical barriers in the body

Question 10

The reticuloendothelial system

Accepted Answer

A) is a support network of connective tissue fibers. 
B) originates in the cellular basal lamina. 
C) provides a passageway within and between tissues and organs. 
D) is heavily populated with macrophages. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) is a support network of connective tissue fibers. 
B) originates in the cellular basal lamina. 
C) provides a passageway within and between tissues and organs. 
D) is heavily populated with macrophages. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following lymphoid organs has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) lymph nodes 
B) thymus 
C) spleen 
D) galt 
E) tonsils 
A) lymph nodes 
B) thymus 
C) spleen 
D) galt 
E) tonsils

Question 12

Maria was scratched on her arm by her cat and the site is experiencing rubor.This means

Accepted Answer

A) redness. 
B) pain. 
C) loss of function. 
D) warmth. 
E) swelling. 
A) redness. 
B) pain. 
C) loss of function. 
D) warmth. 
E) swelling.

Question 13

PAMPs are molecules shared by many microorganisms but not present in mammals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following nonspecific mediators inhibits virus replication and cellular division while increasing some lymphocyte action?

Accepted Answer

A) TNF 
B) IL-1 
C) IL-6 
D) IFN 
E) chemokines 
A) TNF 
B) IL-1 
C) IL-6 
D) IFN 
E) chemokines

Question 15

Diapedesis is the

Accepted Answer

A) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. 
B) production of only red blood cells. 
C) production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. 
D) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. 
E) migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues. 
A) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. 
B) production of only red blood cells. 
C) production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. 
D) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. 
E) migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.

Question 16

All of the following pertain to platelets, except

Accepted Answer

A) they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
B) they are also called thrombocytes. 
C) they originate from cells called megakaryocytes. 
D) they function in blood clotting and inflammation. 
E) they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells. 
A) they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
B) they are also called thrombocytes. 
C) they originate from cells called megakaryocytes. 
D) they function in blood clotting and inflammation. 
E) they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells.

Question 17

Plasma is also called lymph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

There is an inherited disorder that decreases the ability of neutrophils to produce a respiratory burst.What aspect of phagocytosis will be affected by this defect?

Accepted Answer

A) attachment 
B) chemotaxis 
C) destruction of microbes 
D) phagolysosome formation 
E) ingestion 
A) attachment 
B) chemotaxis 
C) destruction of microbes 
D) phagolysosome formation 
E) ingestion

Question 19

Plasma

Accepted Answer

A) is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. 
B) is mostly water. 
C) contains albumin and globulins. 
D) contains fibrinogen. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. 
B) is mostly water. 
C) contains albumin and globulins. 
D) contains fibrinogen. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 20

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the

Accepted Answer

A) skin. 
B) respiratory tract. 
C) digestive tract. 
D) urinary tract. 
E) eyes. 
A) skin. 
B) respiratory tract. 
C) digestive tract. 
D) urinary tract. 
E) eyes.

Exam 14: An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

An individual has been born with Kartagener's syndrome, a disorder of microtubules that impairs the motion of cilia and flagella.What type of infections would you predict would be most common in this individual?

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are

Plasma cells

Describe the physical or anatomical barriers at the following body sites, and explain how they accomplish body defense: a) eyes, b) skin, c) gastrointestinal tract, d) respiratory tract, and e) urinary tract.

Each of the following will enhance and promote phagocytosis, except

Describe the cell morphology, colors, and percentage of the total white blood cell count for each type of white blood cell that would be distinguished by a hematologist analyzing a stained blood smear.

Which is incorrect about inflammation?

Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism?

The reticuloendothelial system

Which of the following lymphoid organs has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood?

Maria was scratched on her arm by her cat and the site is experiencing rubor.This means

PAMPs are molecules shared by many microorganisms but not present in mammals.

Which of the following nonspecific mediators inhibits virus replication and cellular division while increasing some lymphocyte action?

Diapedesis is the

All of the following pertain to platelets, except

Plasma is also called lymph.

There is an inherited disorder that decreases the ability of neutrophils to produce a respiratory burst.What aspect of phagocytosis will be affected by this defect?

Plasma

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms

A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering: a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Drugs, Microbes, Host--The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance

The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance

The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

The Fungi of Medical Importance

The Parasites of Medical Importance

Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Filters