Question 1

_____ is the most abundant class of antibodies in serum.

Accepted Answer

IgG; Immunoglobulin G

Question 2

Toxoids

Accepted Answer

A) contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules. 
B) are always genetically engineered. 
C) contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses. 
D) confer passive immunity. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules. 
B) are always genetically engineered. 
C) contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses. 
D) confer passive immunity. 
E) All of these choices are correct. A

Question 3

Variolation involved using

Accepted Answer

A) dried, ground smallpox scabs. 
B) a recombinant carrier with genetic material of the smallpox virus. 
C) preparations of human cowpox lesions. 
D) antibodies to the smallpox virus. 
A) dried, ground smallpox scabs. 
B) a recombinant carrier with genetic material of the smallpox virus. 
C) preparations of human cowpox lesions. 
D) antibodies to the smallpox virus. A

Question 4

The albumin fraction of serum separated by electrophoresis will contain most of the antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Helper T-cells

Accepted Answer

A) secrete antibodies. 
B) function in allergic reactions. 
C) directly destroy target cells. 
D) suppress immune reactions. 
E) activate B-cells and other T-cells. 
A) secrete antibodies. 
B) function in allergic reactions. 
C) directly destroy target cells. 
D) suppress immune reactions. 
E) activate B-cells and other T-cells.

Question 6

Monoclonal antibodies

Accepted Answer

A) originate from a single B-cell clone. 
B) have a single specificity for antigen. 
C) are secreted by hybridomas. 
D) are used in immunology lab tests and cancer therapy. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) originate from a single B-cell clone. 
B) have a single specificity for antigen. 
C) are secreted by hybridomas. 
D) are used in immunology lab tests and cancer therapy. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 7

Killed or inactivated vaccines are prepared by

Accepted Answer

A) removal of virulence genes from the microbe. 
B) treatment with formalin, heat, or radiation. 
C) passage of the pathogen through unnatural hosts or tissue culture. 
D) long-term subculturing of the microbe. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) removal of virulence genes from the microbe. 
B) treatment with formalin, heat, or radiation. 
C) passage of the pathogen through unnatural hosts or tissue culture. 
D) long-term subculturing of the microbe. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 8

Vaccinia virus is often used in the technique to make

Accepted Answer

A) adjuvant. 
B) booster. 
C) antibodies to toxin. 
D) gamma globulin. 
E) "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine. 
A) adjuvant. 
B) booster. 
C) antibodies to toxin. 
D) gamma globulin. 
E) "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine.

Question 9

The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is very different from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the

Accepted Answer

A) variable region. 
B) joining region. 
C) constant region. 
D) light region. 
E) hinge region. 
A) variable region. 
B) joining region. 
C) constant region. 
D) light region. 
E) hinge region.

Question 10

Which antibody confers the most important specific local immunity to enteric, respiratory, and genitourinary pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A) IgD 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM 
E) IgA 
A) IgD 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM 
E) IgA

Question 11

An example of artificial passive immunity would be

Accepted Answer

A) chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity. 
B) chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox. 
C) giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease. 
D) a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta. 
A) chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity. 
B) chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox. 
C) giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease. 
D) a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta.

Question 12

Lymphocyte maturation involves

Accepted Answer

A) hormonal signals that initiate development. 
B) B-cells maturing in bone marrow sites. 
C) T-cells maturing in the thymus. 
D) release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) hormonal signals that initiate development. 
B) B-cells maturing in bone marrow sites. 
C) T-cells maturing in the thymus. 
D) release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 13

Superantigens are

Accepted Answer

A) body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign. 
B) cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members. 
C) bacterial toxins that activate T-cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens. 
D) those that evoke allergic reactions. 
A) body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign. 
B) cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members. 
C) bacterial toxins that activate T-cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens. 
D) those that evoke allergic reactions.

Question 14

Antigens that elicit allergic reactions are called _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antigens that elicit allergic reactions are called...

Question 15

Which process involves a more rapid synthesis and greatly increased titer of antibody when the immune system is subsequently exposed to the same antigen?

Accepted Answer

A) neutralization 
B) opsonization 
C) complement fixation 
D) agglutination 
E) anamnestic response 
A) neutralization 
B) opsonization 
C) complement fixation 
D) agglutination 
E) anamnestic response

Question 16

Which process involves antibodies cross-linking cells or particles into large aggregates?

Accepted Answer

A) neutralization 
B) opsonization 
C) complement fixation 
D) agglutination 
E) anamnestic response 
A) neutralization 
B) opsonization 
C) complement fixation 
D) agglutination 
E) anamnestic response

Question 17

Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immugenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?

Accepted Answer

A) adjuvant 
B) booster 
C) antibodies to toxin 
D) gamma globulin 
E) "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine 
A) adjuvant 
B) booster 
C) antibodies to toxin 
D) gamma globulin 
E) "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine

Question 18

All of the following are characteristics of an effective vaccine except

Accepted Answer

A) it should have a relatively long shelf life. 
B) it should stimulate only the antibody (B-cell) response. 
C) it should protect against wild forms of the pathogen. 
D) it should not require numerous boosters. 
E) it should be easy to administer. 
A) it should have a relatively long shelf life. 
B) it should stimulate only the antibody (B-cell) response. 
C) it should protect against wild forms of the pathogen. 
D) it should not require numerous boosters. 
E) it should be easy to administer.

Question 19

Antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

T-cell response to T-cell-dependent antigens requires

Accepted Answer

A) typically a protein antigen. 
B) binding of T-cell to a Class II MHC receptor on an antigen-presenting cell. 
C) binding of T-cell to a site on the antigen. 
D) interleukin-1 activating the T helper cell. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) typically a protein antigen. 
B) binding of T-cell to a Class II MHC receptor on an antigen-presenting cell. 
C) binding of T-cell to a site on the antigen. 
D) interleukin-1 activating the T helper cell. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Exam 15: Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

_____ is the most abundant class of antibodies in serum.

Toxoids

Variolation involved using

The albumin fraction of serum separated by electrophoresis will contain most of the antibodies.

Helper T-cells

Monoclonal antibodies

Killed or inactivated vaccines are prepared by

Vaccinia virus is often used in the technique to make

The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is very different from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the

Which antibody confers the most important specific local immunity to enteric, respiratory, and genitourinary pathogens?

An example of artificial passive immunity would be

Lymphocyte maturation involves

Superantigens are

Antigens that elicit allergic reactions are called _____.

Which process involves a more rapid synthesis and greatly increased titer of antibody when the immune system is subsequently exposed to the same antigen?

Which process involves antibodies cross-linking cells or particles into large aggregates?

Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immugenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?

All of the following are characteristics of an effective vaccine except

Antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids.

T-cell response to T-cell-dependent antigens requires

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms

A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering: a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Drugs, Microbes, Host--The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

Disorders in Immunity

Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance

The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance

The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

The Fungi of Medical Importance

The Parasites of Medical Importance

Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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