Question 1

Fish tank granuloma is caused by

Accepted Answer

A) Mycobacterium avium complex (MA
C) . 
B) Mycobacterium kansasii. 
C) Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. 
D) Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. 
E) Mycobacterium marinum. 
A) Mycobacterium avium complex (MA
C) . 
B) Mycobacterium kansasii. 
C) Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. 
D) Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. 
E) Mycobacterium marinum.

Question 2

Production of enterotoxin is a characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A) Clostridium botulinum. 
B) Clostridium perfringens. 
C) Clostridium difficile. 
D) Clostridium tetani. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) Clostridium botulinum. 
B) Clostridium perfringens. 
C) Clostridium difficile. 
D) Clostridium tetani. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Actinomyces israelii?

Accepted Answer

A) non-motile 
B) may live in human oral cavity or intestine 
C) Colonies may display mycelium-like growth. 
D) endospore former 
E) Discharge from infections may contain sulfur granules. 
A) non-motile 
B) may live in human oral cavity or intestine 
C) Colonies may display mycelium-like growth. 
D) endospore former 
E) Discharge from infections may contain sulfur granules.

Question 4

Tuberculin skin testing

Accepted Answer

A) injects PPD intradermally. 
B) uses a purified protein filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
C) will be positive if person has had previous exposure. 
D) will be positive in active TB. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) injects PPD intradermally. 
B) uses a purified protein filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
C) will be positive if person has had previous exposure. 
D) will be positive in active TB. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 5

Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species?

Accepted Answer

A) All species are human pathogens. 
B) Mycobacterial cell walls have waxy lipids. 
C) Mycobateria are acid-fast. 
D) Many mycobacterial species have a slow growth rate. 
E) Mycobacterial cells are long, slender rods. 
A) All species are human pathogens. 
B) Mycobacterial cell walls have waxy lipids. 
C) Mycobateria are acid-fast. 
D) Many mycobacterial species have a slow growth rate. 
E) Mycobacterial cells are long, slender rods.

Question 6

The common soil mycobacteria that frequently cause systemic infection and death in AIDS patients is

Accepted Answer

A) Mycobacterium avium complex (MA
C) . 
B) Mycobacterium kansasii. 
C) Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. 
D) Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. 
E) Mycobacterium marinum. 
A) Mycobacterium avium complex (MA
C) . 
B) Mycobacterium kansasii. 
C) Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. 
D) Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. 
E) Mycobacterium marinum.

Question 7

The individuals most at risk for botulism are those that

Accepted Answer

A) eat meat. 
B) are vegetarians. 
C) have a weakened immune system. 
D) consume home-preserved foods. 
E) eat often in restaurants. 
A) eat meat. 
B) are vegetarians. 
C) have a weakened immune system. 
D) consume home-preserved foods. 
E) eat often in restaurants.

Question 8

Mild, uncomplicated cases of pseudomembranous colitis may be treated by

Accepted Answer

A) debridement. 
B) wound cleansing. 
C) vancomycin for several weeks. 
D) withdrawal of antibiotics and replacement of lost fluids and electrolytes. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) debridement. 
B) wound cleansing. 
C) vancomycin for several weeks. 
D) withdrawal of antibiotics and replacement of lost fluids and electrolytes. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 9

Compare and contrast botulism and tetanus with regard to: a) transmission, b) virulence factors, c) location of target tissue and effect on the tissue, d) symptoms, e) treatment, and f) prevention.

Accepted Answer

a) Transmission:
Botulism is typically t

Question 10

All of the following pertain to Clostridium difficile infection, except

Accepted Answer

A) it is due to ingestion of contaminated, improperly stored, cooked meats and gravies. 
B) it is a colitis that is a superinfection. 
C) it often has an endogenous source. 
D) it may be on the rise due to increased use of gastric acid inhibitors. 
E) it is major cause of diarrhea in hospitals. 
A) it is due to ingestion of contaminated, improperly stored, cooked meats and gravies. 
B) it is a colitis that is a superinfection. 
C) it often has an endogenous source. 
D) it may be on the rise due to increased use of gastric acid inhibitors. 
E) it is major cause of diarrhea in hospitals.

Question 11

A specimen was collected from a deep wound.A smear was prepared and Gram stained and samples were inoculated onto two blood agar plates.Both blood agar plates were incubated for 48 hours at 35°C, but one blood agar plate was incubated aerobically and the other was incubated in an anaerobe jar.The Gram stain of the original specimen showed large gram-positive bacilli.After incubation, there was no growth on the blood agar plate that was incubated aerobically, but the plate incubated in the anaerobe jar grew beta hemolytic colonies.A Gram stain of these colonies showed large gram positive bacilli, some with unstained inclusions, suggestive of endospores.What is the most likely genus of bacteria observed?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacillus 
B) Mycobacterium 
C) Listeria 
D) Clostridium 
E) Corynebacterium 
A) Bacillus 
B) Mycobacterium 
C) Listeria 
D) Clostridium 
E) Corynebacterium

Question 12

Which of the following is/are characteristic of lepromatous leprosy?

Accepted Answer

A) Granulomatous thickenings and folds of the skin may develop. 
B) Lepromatous leprosy is the most disfiguring form of the disease. 
C) The pathogen grows extensively in cooler body areas, such as nose, ears, testes. 
D) Complications include secondary infections, kidney, or respiratory failure. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) Granulomatous thickenings and folds of the skin may develop. 
B) Lepromatous leprosy is the most disfiguring form of the disease. 
C) The pathogen grows extensively in cooler body areas, such as nose, ears, testes. 
D) Complications include secondary infections, kidney, or respiratory failure. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 13

Anthrax is

Accepted Answer

A) a zoonosis. 
B) transmitted by contact, inhalation, and ingestion. 
C) a disease that, in humans, can cause a rapidly fatal toxemia and septicemia. 
D) only seen sporadically in the United States. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) a zoonosis. 
B) transmitted by contact, inhalation, and ingestion. 
C) a disease that, in humans, can cause a rapidly fatal toxemia and septicemia. 
D) only seen sporadically in the United States. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 14

Botulism is often referred to as lockjaw.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Botox injections contain botulinum toxin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which organism can infect deeper wound sites and produce exotoxins, enzymes, and gas that cause tissue and muscle necrosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Clostridium botulinum 
B) Clostridium perfringens 
C) Clostridium difficile 
D) Clostridium tetani 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) Clostridium botulinum 
B) Clostridium perfringens 
C) Clostridium difficile 
D) Clostridium tetani 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 17

Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following, except

Accepted Answer

A) capsule and exotoxins are virulence factors. 
B) anaerobic. 
C) reservoir includes infected grazing animals and contaminated soil. 
D) gram-positive bacillus. 
E) spore-former. 
A) capsule and exotoxins are virulence factors. 
B) anaerobic. 
C) reservoir includes infected grazing animals and contaminated soil. 
D) gram-positive bacillus. 
E) spore-former.

Question 18

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Accepted Answer

A) produces several virulence factor enzymes and an exotoxin. 
B) has a cord factor that can prevent destruction by lysosomes and macrophages. 
C) is a spore-former. 
D) has a capsule. 
E) lives in the soil. 
A) produces several virulence factor enzymes and an exotoxin. 
B) has a cord factor that can prevent destruction by lysosomes and macrophages. 
C) is a spore-former. 
D) has a capsule. 
E) lives in the soil.

Question 19

A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves

Accepted Answer

A) chest X-ray. 
B) acid-fast stain of sputum. 
C) sputum culture. 
D) tuberculin skin test. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) chest X-ray. 
B) acid-fast stain of sputum. 
C) sputum culture. 
D) tuberculin skin test. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 20

Hyperbaric chamber treatment involves putting patients with myonecrosis in a chamber that has a higher amount of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hyperbaric chamber treatment involves putting patients with...

Exam 19: The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance

Fish tank granuloma is caused by

Production of enterotoxin is a characteristic of

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Actinomyces israelii?

Tuberculin skin testing

Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species?

The common soil mycobacteria that frequently cause systemic infection and death in AIDS patients is

The individuals most at risk for botulism are those that

Mild, uncomplicated cases of pseudomembranous colitis may be treated by

Compare and contrast botulism and tetanus with regard to: a) transmission, b) virulence factors, c) location of target tissue and effect on the tissue, d) symptoms, e) treatment, and f) prevention.

All of the following pertain to Clostridium difficile infection, except

Which of the following is/are characteristic of lepromatous leprosy?

Anthrax is

Botulism is often referred to as lockjaw.

Botox injections contain botulinum toxin.

Which organism can infect deeper wound sites and produce exotoxins, enzymes, and gas that cause tissue and muscle necrosis?

Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following, except

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves

Hyperbaric chamber treatment involves putting patients with myonecrosis in a chamber that has a higher amount of _____.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms

A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering: a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Drugs, Microbes, Host--The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance

The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

The Fungi of Medical Importance

The Parasites of Medical Importance

Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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