Question 1

In the routine diagnosis of hepatitis C virus,which type of laboratory test should be ordered first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigen detection in liver biopsy 
B)  Antibody detection in blood 
C)  Viral culture of stool 
D)  Viral culture of biliary drainage 
A)  Antigen detection in liver biopsy 
B)  Antibody detection in blood 
C)  Viral culture of stool 
D)  Viral culture of biliary drainage

Question 2

Which of the following positive antibody tests may be an indication of recent rubella vaccination or early primary rubella infection in a patient with no clinical symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only IgG positive 
B)  Only IgM positive 
C)  Both IgG and IgA antibodies positive 
D)  Fourfold rise in titer for IgG 
A)  Only IgG positive 
B)  Only IgM positive 
C)  Both IgG and IgA antibodies positive 
D)  Fourfold rise in titer for IgG

Question 3

A patient presents to the physician complaining of a 4-week history of fever,malaise,and irritability.The patient admits to feeling better compared with how he felt even a week ago.The physician thinks that the patient might have had cytomegalovirus (CMV).Which of the following sets of serologic results would you see in this patient if he is recovering from CMV?

Accepted Answer

A)  CMV IgM pos; CMV IgG neg 
B)  CMV IgM neg; CMV IgG pos 
C)  CMV IgM neg; CMV IgG neg 
D)  CMV IgM neg; CMV IgA pos 
A)  CMV IgM pos; CMV IgG neg 
B)  CMV IgM neg; CMV IgG pos 
C)  CMV IgM neg; CMV IgG neg 
D)  CMV IgM neg; CMV IgA pos

Question 4

A 17-year-old female with suspected mononucleosis tested negative for heterophile antibody using the slide agglutination monotest.Her serum was sent to a reference laboratory,and the following results were obtained: negative for IgM anti-VCA,positive for antibody to EA-D.What do these results suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  She does not have mononucleosis. 
B)  She is a healthy carrier of the virus. 
C)  Mononucleosis has been reactivated. 
D)  She is in the early stages of the disease. 
A)  She does not have mononucleosis. 
B)  She is a healthy carrier of the virus. 
C)  Mononucleosis has been reactivated. 
D)  She is in the early stages of the disease.

Question 5

A patient has the following hepatitis profile: anti-HAV IgM = not detected; HBsAg = not detected; anti-HBc IgM = not detected; anti-HBc total = not detected; anti-HBs = detected; anti-HCV = not detected.What is his diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute hepatitis A 
B)  Acute hepatitis B 
C)  Chronic hepatitis B 
D)  Immune to hepatitis B 
A)  Acute hepatitis A 
B)  Acute hepatitis B 
C)  Chronic hepatitis B 
D)  Immune to hepatitis B

Question 6

Infection by which of the following viruses is not preventable by routine immunization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytomegalovirus 
B)  Rubella virus 
C)  Rubeola virus 
D)  Varicella-zoster virus 
A)  Cytomegalovirus 
B)  Rubella virus 
C)  Rubeola virus 
D)  Varicella-zoster virus

Question 7

A newborn infant tests positive for anti-HBc IgG.This result is evidence that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the infant is infected with hepatitis B 
B)  the mother was infected with hepatitis B. 
C)  both mother and infant are infected with hepatitis B. 
D)  Both mother and infant are immune to hepatitis B. 
A)  the infant is infected with hepatitis B 
B)  the mother was infected with hepatitis B. 
C)  both mother and infant are infected with hepatitis B. 
D)  Both mother and infant are immune to hepatitis B.

Question 8

A 12-year-old girl presented to her physician with a sore throat,lymphadenopathy,and fatigue.Her laboratory results were 5,000 lymphocytes/microliter with 10% atypical lymphocytes,cytomegalovirus antibody negative,and heterophile antibody screen negative.These laboratory results:

Accepted Answer

A)  confirm a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. 
B)  indicate that the diagnosis is not infectious mononucleosis because the heterophile antibody screen is negative. 
C)  suggest a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis but should be followed by a heterophile antibody titer to strengthen the diagnosis. 
D)  suggest a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis but should be followed by a test for IgM anti-VCA to strengthen the diagnosis. 
A)  confirm a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. 
B)  indicate that the diagnosis is not infectious mononucleosis because the heterophile antibody screen is negative. 
C)  suggest a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis but should be followed by a heterophile antibody titer to strengthen the diagnosis. 
D)  suggest a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis but should be followed by a test for IgM anti-VCA to strengthen the diagnosis.

Question 9

A 14-year-old boy presents to the physician complaining of sore throat,fatigue,and fever for the past week.A monotest is performed and is reported as positive.It is likely that this boy has:

Accepted Answer

A)  infectious mononucleosis. 
B)  streptococcal pharyngitis. 
C)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
D)  a common cold. 
A)  infectious mononucleosis. 
B)  streptococcal pharyngitis. 
C)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
D)  a common cold.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of infection with hepatitis B?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anti-HBs is the first detectable antibody in serum. 
B)  Anti-HBe is the first detectable antibody in serum. 
C)  Anti-HBc is the first detectable antibody in serum. 
D)  Anti-HBs, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc are detectable at the same time. 
A)  Anti-HBs is the first detectable antibody in serum. 
B)  Anti-HBe is the first detectable antibody in serum. 
C)  Anti-HBc is the first detectable antibody in serum. 
D)  Anti-HBs, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc are detectable at the same time.

Question 11

Interferons alpha and beta help the host in defense against viral infections by:

Accepted Answer

A)  enhancing antibody production. 
B)  stimulating cytotoxic T cells. 
C)  activating Toll-like receptors. 
D)  inhibiting viral replication. 
A)  enhancing antibody production. 
B)  stimulating cytotoxic T cells. 
C)  activating Toll-like receptors. 
D)  inhibiting viral replication.

Question 12

A patient has a hepatitis B profile performed and is positive for hepatitis B surface antibody only.This patient:

Accepted Answer

A)  was vaccinated against hepatitis B 
B)  had a previous hepatitis B infection. 
C)  is a chronic carrier of hepatitis B. 
D)  has acute hepatitis B. 
A)  was vaccinated against hepatitis B 
B)  had a previous hepatitis B infection. 
C)  is a chronic carrier of hepatitis B. 
D)  has acute hepatitis B.

Question 13

Which test is most specific for infectious mononucleosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monospot 
B)  CBC with differential 
C)  Anti-EBV titers 
D)  Paul-Bunnell test 
A)  Monospot 
B)  CBC with differential 
C)  Anti-EBV titers 
D)  Paul-Bunnell test

Question 14

Swollen parotid glands are key diagnostic indicators of:

Accepted Answer

A)  measles. 
B)  mumps. 
C)  varicella. 
D)  rubella. 
A)  measles. 
B)  mumps. 
C)  varicella. 
D)  rubella.

Question 15

Which of the following serologic test results indicate that a patient is a chronic carrier of hepatitis B?

Accepted Answer

A)  HBsAb positive; HBsAg negative 
B)  HBcAb and HBsAb positive 
C)  HBsAb negative; HBsAg positive for 12 months 
D)  HBeAb and HBeAg negative 
A)  HBsAb positive; HBsAg negative 
B)  HBcAb and HBsAb positive 
C)  HBsAb negative; HBsAg positive for 12 months 
D)  HBeAb and HBeAg negative

Question 16

Viruses can evade host defenses by:

Accepted Answer

A)  maintaining a stable genetic identity. 
B)  inducing increased expression of MHC class I. 
C)  inducing increased expression of MHC class II. 
D)  hiding from the immune system in a latent state. 
A)  maintaining a stable genetic identity. 
B)  inducing increased expression of MHC class I. 
C)  inducing increased expression of MHC class II. 
D)  hiding from the immune system in a latent state.

Question 17

What is the most common routine diagnostic test for rubella virus infection in a young adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigen detection 
B)  Antibody detection 
C)  Viral culture 
D)  Polymerase chain reaction 
A)  Antigen detection 
B)  Antibody detection 
C)  Viral culture 
D)  Polymerase chain reaction

Question 18

A patient was diagnosed with acute hepatitis B infection 9 months ago.Follow-up testing performed today obtains these results: anti-HAV IgM = not detected; HBsAg = not detected; anti-HBc IgM = not detected; anti-HBc total = detected; anti-HBs = detected; anti-HCV = not detected.What is the diagnosis now?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute hepatitis B 
B)  Chronic hepatitis B 
C)  Chronic hepatitis C 
D)  Convalescent hepatitis B 
A)  Acute hepatitis B 
B)  Chronic hepatitis B 
C)  Chronic hepatitis C 
D)  Convalescent hepatitis B

In the routine diagnosis of hepatitis C virus,which type of laboratory test should be ordered first?

Which of the following positive antibody tests may be an indication of recent rubella vaccination or early primary rubella infection in a patient with no clinical symptoms?

A patient has the following hepatitis profile: anti-HAV IgM = not detected; HBsAg = not detected; anti-HBc IgM = not detected; anti-HBc total = not detected; anti-HBs = detected; anti-HCV = not detected.What is his diagnosis?

Infection by which of the following viruses is not preventable by routine immunization?

A newborn infant tests positive for anti-HBc IgG.This result is evidence that:

A 12-year-old girl presented to her physician with a sore throat,lymphadenopathy,and fatigue.Her laboratory results were 5,000 lymphocytes/microliter with 10% atypical lymphocytes,cytomegalovirus antibody negative,and heterophile antibody screen negative.These laboratory results:

A 14-year-old boy presents to the physician complaining of sore throat,fatigue,and fever for the past week.A monotest is performed and is reported as positive.It is likely that this boy has:

Which of the following statements is true of infection with hepatitis B?

Interferons alpha and beta help the host in defense against viral infections by:

A patient has a hepatitis B profile performed and is positive for hepatitis B surface antibody only.This patient:

Which test is most specific for infectious mononucleosis?

Swollen parotid glands are key diagnostic indicators of:

Which of the following serologic test results indicate that a patient is a chronic carrier of hepatitis B?

Viruses can evade host defenses by:

What is the most common routine diagnostic test for rubella virus infection in a young adult?

Introduction to Immunity and the Immune System

Nature of Antigens and the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Antibody Structure and Function

Cytokines

Complement System

Safety and Quality Management

Principles of Serological Testing

Precipitation and Agglutination Reactions

Labeled Immunoassays

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques

Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Transplantation Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Immunoproliferative Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Spirochete Diseases

Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Parasitic and Fungal Infections

Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

Immunization and Vaccines

Filters

Exam 23: Serology and Molecular Detection of Viral Infections

In the routine diagnosis of hepatitis C virus,which type of laboratory test should be ordered first?

Which of the following positive antibody tests may be an indication of recent rubella vaccination or early primary rubella infection in a patient with no clinical symptoms?

A patient has the following hepatitis profile: anti-HAV IgM = not detected; HBsAg = not detected; anti-HBc IgM = not detected; anti-HBc total = not detected; anti-HBs = detected; anti-HCV = not detected.What is his diagnosis?

Infection by which of the following viruses is not preventable by routine immunization?

A newborn infant tests positive for anti-HBc IgG.This result is evidence that:

A 12-year-old girl presented to her physician with a sore throat,lymphadenopathy,and fatigue.Her laboratory results were 5,000 lymphocytes/microliter with 10% atypical lymphocytes,cytomegalovirus antibody negative,and heterophile antibody screen negative.These laboratory results:

A 14-year-old boy presents to the physician complaining of sore throat,fatigue,and fever for the past week.A monotest is performed and is reported as positive.It is likely that this boy has:

Which of the following statements is true of infection with hepatitis B?

Interferons alpha and beta help the host in defense against viral infections by:

A patient has a hepatitis B profile performed and is positive for hepatitis B surface antibody only.This patient:

Which test is most specific for infectious mononucleosis?

Swollen parotid glands are key diagnostic indicators of:

Which of the following serologic test results indicate that a patient is a chronic carrier of hepatitis B?

Viruses can evade host defenses by:

What is the most common routine diagnostic test for rubella virus infection in a young adult?

Introduction to Immunity and the Immune System

Nature of Antigens and the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Antibody Structure and Function

Cytokines

Complement System

Safety and Quality Management

Principles of Serological Testing

Precipitation and Agglutination Reactions

Labeled Immunoassays

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques

Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Transplantation Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Immunoproliferative Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Spirochete Diseases

Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Parasitic and Fungal Infections

Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

Immunization and Vaccines

Filters