Question 1

Which enzyme is part of the external defense system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lysozyme 
B)  Elastase 
C)  Myeloperoxidase 
D)  Superoxide dismutase 
A)  Lysozyme 
B)  Elastase 
C)  Myeloperoxidase 
D)  Superoxide dismutase A

Question 2

Patients with chronic granulomatous disease have neutrophils that cannot kill bacteria because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot phagocytize bacteria. 
B)  do not have granules containing antibacterial enzymes. 
C)  cannot produce superoxide. 
D)  cannot migrate to the site of infection. 
A)  cannot phagocytize bacteria. 
B)  do not have granules containing antibacterial enzymes. 
C)  cannot produce superoxide. 
D)  cannot migrate to the site of infection. C

Question 3

For diapedesis to occur:

Accepted Answer

A)  CD16 receptors must be bound. 
B)  microbes must be phagocytized. 
C)  endothelial cells must contract. 
D)  NADPH must be activated. 
A)  CD16 receptors must be bound. 
B)  microbes must be phagocytized. 
C)  endothelial cells must contract. 
D)  NADPH must be activated. C

Question 4

Toll-like receptors bind to:

Accepted Answer

A)  cytokines. 
B)  the Fc portion of IgG. 
C)  acute-phase proteins. 
D)  pathogen-associated molecular patterns. 
A)  cytokines. 
B)  the Fc portion of IgG. 
C)  acute-phase proteins. 
D)  pathogen-associated molecular patterns.

Question 5

Macrophages use all of the following to kill bacteria EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen peroxide. 
B)  perforin. 
C)  hydroxyl radical. 
D)  lysozyme. 
A)  hydrogen peroxide. 
B)  perforin. 
C)  hydroxyl radical. 
D)  lysozyme.

Question 6

Which is a characteristic of circulating neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kill cells with granzymes 
B)  Membranes express antigen-specific receptors 
C)  Membranes express pathogen-recognition receptors 
D)  Activated by alpha-1 antitrypsin 
A)  Kill cells with granzymes 
B)  Membranes express antigen-specific receptors 
C)  Membranes express pathogen-recognition receptors 
D)  Activated by alpha-1 antitrypsin

Question 7

Toll-like receptors and C-type lectin receptors are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogen-recognition receptors. 
B)  antigen receptors. 
C)  Fc receptors. 
D)  killer inhibitory receptors. 
A)  pathogen-recognition receptors. 
B)  antigen receptors. 
C)  Fc receptors. 
D)  killer inhibitory receptors.

Question 8

Which is a characteristic of resident bacteria (microbiota)in the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  Develop when a person has an immunodeficiency 
B)  Consist of a single species that is tolerated by the host 
C)  Supplant pathogenic bacteria 
D)  Cause gastrointestinal disease 
A)  Develop when a person has an immunodeficiency 
B)  Consist of a single species that is tolerated by the host 
C)  Supplant pathogenic bacteria 
D)  Cause gastrointestinal disease

Question 9

All of the following are characteristic of acute-phase reactants EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are constituents that increase rapidly in response to infection. 
B)  they are used to diagnose a specific disease. 
C)  they enhance phagocytosis. 
D)  they limit destruction of host tissue. 
A)  they are constituents that increase rapidly in response to infection. 
B)  they are used to diagnose a specific disease. 
C)  they enhance phagocytosis. 
D)  they limit destruction of host tissue.

Question 10

All of the following are considered acute-phase reactants EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrinogen. 
B)  complement. 
C)  C-reactive protein. 
D)  TNF-alpha. 
A)  fibrinogen. 
B)  complement. 
C)  C-reactive protein. 
D)  TNF-alpha.

Question 11

The phagosome of a macrophage is a membrane-bound vesicle that contains:

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes. 
B)  reactive oxygen intermediates. 
C)  ingested pathogens. 
D)  perforin and granzymes. 
A)  enzymes. 
B)  reactive oxygen intermediates. 
C)  ingested pathogens. 
D)  perforin and granzymes.

Question 12

C-reactive protein,complement components,and antibodies are all:

Accepted Answer

A)  acute-phase reactants. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  pathogen-recognition receptors. 
D)  opsonins. 
A)  acute-phase reactants. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  pathogen-recognition receptors. 
D)  opsonins.

Question 13

All of the following occur during the process of inflammation EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased capillary permeability. 
B)  migration of basophils away from tissue. 
C)  increase in blood flow. 
D)  swelling and pain. 
A)  increased capillary permeability. 
B)  migration of basophils away from tissue. 
C)  increase in blood flow. 
D)  swelling and pain.

Question 14

Which of the following is directly used in oxidative killing of target cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen peroxide 
B)  Lysozyme 
C)  Defensin 
D)  TNF-alpha 
A)  Hydrogen peroxide 
B)  Lysozyme 
C)  Defensin 
D)  TNF-alpha

Question 15

Which of the following occurs during the oxidative burst?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decrease in oxygen consumption 
B)  Pseudopodia extending around a particle 
C)  The release of granules from a cell 
D)  Increased release of carbon dioxide 
A)  A decrease in oxygen consumption 
B)  Pseudopodia extending around a particle 
C)  The release of granules from a cell 
D)  Increased release of carbon dioxide

Question 16

The defense mechanism carried out by natural killer cells involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition of a specific antigen. 
B)  MHC class II-mediated killing. 
C)  perforin- and granzyme-mediated killing. 
D)  phagocytosis. 
A)  recognition of a specific antigen. 
B)  MHC class II-mediated killing. 
C)  perforin- and granzyme-mediated killing. 
D)  phagocytosis.

Question 17

What is the function of the acute-phase protein haptoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acts as an opsonin 
B)  Forms clots 
C)  Binds hemoglobin 
D)  Acts as a chemotaxin 
A)  Acts as an opsonin 
B)  Forms clots 
C)  Binds hemoglobin 
D)  Acts as a chemotaxin

Question 18

All of the following are part of the process of phagocytosis EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of a phagosome. 
B)  creation of hypochlorite radicals. 
C)  diapedesis. 
D)  fusion of lysosome with phagosome. 
A)  formation of a phagosome. 
B)  creation of hypochlorite radicals. 
C)  diapedesis. 
D)  fusion of lysosome with phagosome.

Question 19

After a macrophage phagocytizes,kills,and digests a microbe:

Accepted Answer

A)  all of the microbial debris is expelled by exocytosis. 
B)  some microbial peptides are bound by MHC class II. 
C)  some microbial peptides are bound by Fc. 
D)  all of the microbial peptides are broken down into amino acids that are recycled by the macrophage into new proteins. 
A)  all of the microbial debris is expelled by exocytosis. 
B)  some microbial peptides are bound by MHC class II. 
C)  some microbial peptides are bound by Fc. 
D)  all of the microbial peptides are broken down into amino acids that are recycled by the macrophage into new proteins.

Question 20

Which acute-phase reactant is an important clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Haptoglobin 
B)  Ceruloplasmin 
C)  Fibrinogen 
D)  Alpha-2 macroglobulin 
A)  Haptoglobin 
B)  Ceruloplasmin 
C)  Fibrinogen 
D)  Alpha-2 macroglobulin

Exam 3: Innate Immunity

Which enzyme is part of the external defense system?

Patients with chronic granulomatous disease have neutrophils that cannot kill bacteria because they:

For diapedesis to occur:

Toll-like receptors bind to:

Macrophages use all of the following to kill bacteria EXCEPT:

Which is a characteristic of circulating neutrophils?

Toll-like receptors and C-type lectin receptors are examples of:

Which is a characteristic of resident bacteria (microbiota)in the gastrointestinal tract?

All of the following are characteristic of acute-phase reactants EXCEPT:

All of the following are considered acute-phase reactants EXCEPT:

The phagosome of a macrophage is a membrane-bound vesicle that contains:

C-reactive protein,complement components,and antibodies are all:

All of the following occur during the process of inflammation EXCEPT:

Which of the following is directly used in oxidative killing of target cells?

Which of the following occurs during the oxidative burst?

The defense mechanism carried out by natural killer cells involves:

What is the function of the acute-phase protein haptoglobin?

All of the following are part of the process of phagocytosis EXCEPT:

After a macrophage phagocytizes,kills,and digests a microbe:

Which acute-phase reactant is an important clotting factor?

Introduction to Immunity and the Immune System

Nature of Antigens and the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Adaptive Immunity

Antibody Structure and Function

Cytokines

Complement System

Safety and Quality Management

Principles of Serological Testing

Precipitation and Agglutination Reactions

Labeled Immunoassays

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques

Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Transplantation Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Immunoproliferative Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Spirochete Diseases

Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Parasitic and Fungal Infections

Serology and Molecular Detection of Viral Infections

Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

Immunization and Vaccines

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