Question 1

Which of the following have the highest concentrations of Toll-like receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  B-cells 
B)  Monocytes 
C)  Natural killer cells 
D)  T cells 
A)  B-cells 
B)  Monocytes 
C)  Natural killer cells 
D)  T cells

Question 2

Oxidative killing involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perforin and granzymes 
B)  Activation of complement 
C)  Direct cytokine-mediated killing 
D)  The hexose monophosphate shunt 
A)  Perforin and granzymes 
B)  Activation of complement 
C)  Direct cytokine-mediated killing 
D)  The hexose monophosphate shunt

Question 3

Which substance best inactivates bacterial proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Hypochlorite 
D)  Lactic acid 
A)  Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 
B)  Oxygen 
C)  Hypochlorite 
D)  Lactic acid

Question 4

Inappropriately administered antibiotic therapy can sometimes cause disease,most often by:

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminating normal protective flora. 
B)  altering local pH. 
C)  being toxic to host tissues. 
D)  depressing adaptive immune responses. 
A)  eliminating normal protective flora. 
B)  altering local pH. 
C)  being toxic to host tissues. 
D)  depressing adaptive immune responses.

Question 5

Granzymes activate which of the following in a target cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phagocytosis 
B)  Apoptosis 
C)  Cytokine secretion 
D)  Complement activation 
A)  Phagocytosis 
B)  Apoptosis 
C)  Cytokine secretion 
D)  Complement activation

Question 6

Which of the following binds to CD16 on the surface of natural killer cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  MHC class I 
B)  Fc of IgG 
C)  T-cell receptor 
D)  Antigenic peptide 
A)  MHC class I 
B)  Fc of IgG 
C)  T-cell receptor 
D)  Antigenic peptide

Question 7

Which of the following can be measured as an indicator of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Body temperature 
B)  Number of circulating leukocytes 
C)  Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 
D)  All of these 
A)  Body temperature 
B)  Number of circulating leukocytes 
C)  Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 
D)  All of these

Question 8

Proteins that form channels in target cell membranes are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  perforins. 
B)  granzymes. 
C)  opsonins. 
D)  pentraxins. 
A)  perforins. 
B)  granzymes. 
C)  opsonins. 
D)  pentraxins.

Question 9

Macrophages recognize target cells using which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  MHC class I molecules 
B)  Toll-like receptors 
C)  Antigen-specific receptors 
D)  Killer cell inhibitory receptors 
A)  MHC class I molecules 
B)  Toll-like receptors 
C)  Antigen-specific receptors 
D)  Killer cell inhibitory receptors

Question 10

Which enzyme protects host cells rather than destroying invading cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha-1 antitrypsin 
B)  Lysozyme 
C)  Granzyme 
D)  Myeloperoxidase 
A)  Alpha-1 antitrypsin 
B)  Lysozyme 
C)  Granzyme 
D)  Myeloperoxidase

Question 11

Serum proteins that increase in concentration within 24 to 48 hours of the onset of infection or injury are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  reagins. 
B)  immunoglobulins. 
C)  complement proteins. 
D)  acute-phase proteins. 
A)  reagins. 
B)  immunoglobulins. 
C)  complement proteins. 
D)  acute-phase proteins.

Question 12

The killing mechanism of natural killer cells is regulated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibitory receptors. 
B) activating receptors. 
C) both inhibitory and activating receptors. 
D) none of the above. 
A)  inhibitory receptors. 
B) activating receptors. 
C) both inhibitory and activating receptors. 
D) none of the above.

Question 13

Which of the following is an acute-phase protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serum amyloid A 
B)  Streptolysin O 
C)  Cardiolipin 
D)  Reagin 
A)  Serum amyloid A 
B)  Streptolysin O 
C)  Cardiolipin 
D)  Reagin

Question 14

Natural killer cells recognize and kill abnormal host cells that are:

Accepted Answer

A)  opsonized with IgE. 
B)  lacking expression of MHC class I. 
C)  expressing MHC class I. 
D)  presenting antigen bound to MHC class II. 
A)  opsonized with IgE. 
B)  lacking expression of MHC class I. 
C)  expressing MHC class I. 
D)  presenting antigen bound to MHC class II.

Question 15

The internal defense system includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cilia 
B)  Mucous membranes 
C)  Acute-phase reactants 
D)  Acidity of the skin 
A)  Cilia 
B)  Mucous membranes 
C)  Acute-phase reactants 
D)  Acidity of the skin

Question 16

Although antibodies are generally regarded as part of the adaptive immune system,they can enhance the function of which innate process(es)?

Accepted Answer

A) Phagocytosis (via opsonization) 
B) Natural killer cell cytotoxicity 
C)  Both phagocytosis (via opsonization)and natural killer cell cytotoxicity 
D) None of the above 
A) Phagocytosis (via opsonization) 
B) Natural killer cell cytotoxicity 
C)  Both phagocytosis (via opsonization)and natural killer cell cytotoxicity 
D) None of the above

Question 17

Acute-phase reactants are elevated in a patient's serum.What does this result,on its own,indicate about the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation of an unknown cause is present. 
B)  The patient has a leukemia but not a lymphoma. 
C)  The patient has a bacterial infection. 
D)  There is a parasitic infection and not a viral infection. 
A)  Inflammation of an unknown cause is present. 
B)  The patient has a leukemia but not a lymphoma. 
C)  The patient has a bacterial infection. 
D)  There is a parasitic infection and not a viral infection.

Question 18

Oxygen-independent bacterial killing in the phagolysosome involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypochlorite. 
B)  pH-activated defensins. 
C)  opsonins. 
D)  pentraxins. 
A)  hypochlorite. 
B)  pH-activated defensins. 
C)  opsonins. 
D)  pentraxins.

Question 19

Which of the following is part of the external defense system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ceruloplasmin 
B)  Skin 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Complement 
A)  Ceruloplasmin 
B)  Skin 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Complement

Question 20

What is the major function of C-reactive protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Opsonization 
B)  Binding hemoglobin 
C)  Causing vasodilation 
D)  Promoting clot formation 
A)  Opsonization 
B)  Binding hemoglobin 
C)  Causing vasodilation 
D)  Promoting clot formation

Exam 3: Innate Immunity

Which of the following have the highest concentrations of Toll-like receptors?

Oxidative killing involves which of the following?

Which substance best inactivates bacterial proteins?

Inappropriately administered antibiotic therapy can sometimes cause disease,most often by:

Granzymes activate which of the following in a target cell?

Which of the following binds to CD16 on the surface of natural killer cells?

Which of the following can be measured as an indicator of inflammation?

Proteins that form channels in target cell membranes are called:

Macrophages recognize target cells using which of the following?

Which enzyme protects host cells rather than destroying invading cells?

Serum proteins that increase in concentration within 24 to 48 hours of the onset of infection or injury are called:

The killing mechanism of natural killer cells is regulated by:

Which of the following is an acute-phase protein?

Natural killer cells recognize and kill abnormal host cells that are:

The internal defense system includes which of the following?

Although antibodies are generally regarded as part of the adaptive immune system,they can enhance the function of which innate process(es)?

Acute-phase reactants are elevated in a patient's serum.What does this result,on its own,indicate about the patient?

Oxygen-independent bacterial killing in the phagolysosome involves:

Which of the following is part of the external defense system?

What is the major function of C-reactive protein?

Introduction to Immunity and the Immune System

Nature of Antigens and the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Adaptive Immunity

Antibody Structure and Function

Cytokines

Complement System

Safety and Quality Management

Principles of Serological Testing

Precipitation and Agglutination Reactions

Labeled Immunoassays

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques

Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Transplantation Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Immunoproliferative Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Spirochete Diseases

Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Parasitic and Fungal Infections

Serology and Molecular Detection of Viral Infections

Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

Immunization and Vaccines

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