Question 1

Use of microarrays consisting of either DNA or RNA to identify an unknown nucleic acid best describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  in situ hybridization. 
B)  polymerase chain reaction. 
C)  DNA chip technology. 
D)  strand displacement amplification. 
A)  in situ hybridization. 
B)  polymerase chain reaction. 
C)  DNA chip technology. 
D)  strand displacement amplification. C

Question 2

Complementary strands of the DNA are held together by:

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphodiester bonds. 
B)  disulfide bonds. 
C)  hydrogen bonds. 
D)  peptide bonds. 
A)  phosphodiester bonds. 
B)  disulfide bonds. 
C)  hydrogen bonds. 
D)  peptide bonds. C

Question 3

In a polymerase chain reaction,the threshold cycle represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  the minimum amount of target that can be amplified. 
B)  an indication of the original amount of target in the sample. 
C)  the maximum number of cycles that can be carried out before the amplicons saturate the solution. 
D)  the degree of complementarity between the primers and the target. 
A)  the minimum amount of target that can be amplified. 
B)  an indication of the original amount of target in the sample. 
C)  the maximum number of cycles that can be carried out before the amplicons saturate the solution. 
D)  the degree of complementarity between the primers and the target. B

Question 4

The individual nucleotides along a single strand of DNA are held together by:

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphodiester bonds. 
B)  disulfide bonds. 
C)  hydrogen bonds. 
D)  peptide bonds. 
A)  phosphodiester bonds. 
B)  disulfide bonds. 
C)  hydrogen bonds. 
D)  peptide bonds.

Question 5

Strand displacement amplification shares which characteristic with polymerase chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are isothermal amplification processes. 
B)  Both involve an endonuclease. 
C)  Both involve DNA polymerase. 
D)  Both result in probe amplification. 
A)  Both are isothermal amplification processes. 
B)  Both involve an endonuclease. 
C)  Both involve DNA polymerase. 
D)  Both result in probe amplification.

Question 6

A short strand of DNA or RNA used to detect an unknown nucleic acid in a patient specimen best describes a:

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid probe. 
B)  restriction enzyme. 
C)  primer. 
D)  restriction fragment length polymorphism. 
A)  nucleic acid probe. 
B)  restriction enzyme. 
C)  primer. 
D)  restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Question 7

Light is generated when nucleotides are added to a growing strand of DNA in the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  pyrosequencing. 
B)  ligase chain reaction. 
C)  strand displacement amplification. 
D)  branched DNA amplification. 
A)  pyrosequencing. 
B)  ligase chain reaction. 
C)  strand displacement amplification. 
D)  branched DNA amplification.

Question 8

In which technique is the signal amplified instead of the target DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Branched DNA amplification 
B)  Polymerase chain reaction 
C)  Transcription-mediated amplification 
D)  Solution hybridization 
A)  Branched DNA amplification 
B)  Polymerase chain reaction 
C)  Transcription-mediated amplification 
D)  Solution hybridization

Question 9

In a polymerase chain reaction,the strand length of the amplicons is determined by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  number of cycles. 
B)  percentage of cycle time spent in the extension step. 
C)  primer sequences. 
D)  total cycle time. 
A)  number of cycles. 
B)  percentage of cycle time spent in the extension step. 
C)  primer sequences. 
D)  total cycle time.

Question 10

What process confers specificity in molecular biology methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amplification 
B)  Polymorphism 
C)  Strand cleavage 
D)  Hybridization 
A)  Amplification 
B)  Polymorphism 
C)  Strand cleavage 
D)  Hybridization

Question 11

The best method for detecting multiple genotypes of the same virus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  pyrosequencing. 
B)  ligase chain reaction. 
C)  strand displacement amplification. 
D)  branched DNA amplification. 
A)  pyrosequencing. 
B)  ligase chain reaction. 
C)  strand displacement amplification. 
D)  branched DNA amplification.

Question 12

In DNA sequencing,what is the purpose of the dideoxynucleotide bases?

Accepted Answer

A)  To enhance synthesis of DNA 
B)  To stop growth of a DNA chain at a certain point 
C)  To make certain that only one strand of DNA is amplified 
D)  To create restriction fragment length polymorphisms 
A)  To enhance synthesis of DNA 
B)  To stop growth of a DNA chain at a certain point 
C)  To make certain that only one strand of DNA is amplified 
D)  To create restriction fragment length polymorphisms

Question 13

Sanger chain termination sequencing differs from polymerase chain reaction because:

Accepted Answer

A)  only three nucleotide bases are used. 
B)  DNA polymerase is not needed. 
C)  only one primer is used. 
D)  the process is isothermal. 
A)  only three nucleotide bases are used. 
B)  DNA polymerase is not needed. 
C)  only one primer is used. 
D)  the process is isothermal.

Question 14

Steps in a Southern blot include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ligation of DNA probes by a DNA ligase 
B)  Gel electrophoresis followed by transfer of the pattern to a membrane 
C)  Denaturation of DNA followed by annealing of primers and bases 
D)  Creation of a nick in a DNA strand followed by amplification 
A)  Ligation of DNA probes by a DNA ligase 
B)  Gel electrophoresis followed by transfer of the pattern to a membrane 
C)  Denaturation of DNA followed by annealing of primers and bases 
D)  Creation of a nick in a DNA strand followed by amplification

Question 15

DNA replication requires which enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase and primase 
B)  Reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase 
C)  Nuclease and primase 
D)  Nuclease and DNA polymerase 
A)  DNA polymerase and primase 
B)  Reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase 
C)  Nuclease and primase 
D)  Nuclease and DNA polymerase

Question 16

Multiple probes bind to target sequences in:

Accepted Answer

A)  pyrosequencing. 
B)  ligase chain reaction. 
C)  strand displacement amplification. 
D)  branched DNA amplification. 
A)  pyrosequencing. 
B)  ligase chain reaction. 
C)  strand displacement amplification. 
D)  branched DNA amplification.

Question 17

The common characteristic of transcription-mediated amplification and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction is that both:

Accepted Answer

A)  are isothermal processes. 
B)  start with an RNA target. 
C)  use DNA polymerase. 
D)  generate RNA as the primary product. 
A)  are isothermal processes. 
B)  start with an RNA target. 
C)  use DNA polymerase. 
D)  generate RNA as the primary product.

Question 18

Which process can be combined with a bead array format enabling detection of 100 different targets in one sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  Branched DNA amplification 
B)  Transcription-mediated amplification 
C)  Ligase chain reaction 
D)  Strand displacement amplification 
A)  Branched DNA amplification 
B)  Transcription-mediated amplification 
C)  Ligase chain reaction 
D)  Strand displacement amplification

Question 19

In a ligase chain reaction:

Accepted Answer

A)  target sequences are joined together. 
B)  primers are joined together. 
C)  targets sequences are cleaved. 
D)  primer sequences are cleaved. 
A)  target sequences are joined together. 
B)  primers are joined together. 
C)  targets sequences are cleaved. 
D)  primer sequences are cleaved.

Question 20

For a probe to hybridize to the target,which condition must be met?

Accepted Answer

A)  The target must be double-stranded. 
B)  The target can only be RNA. 
C)  The target must have the same bases. 
D)  The target must have complementary bases. 
A)  The target must be double-stranded. 
B)  The target can only be RNA. 
C)  The target must have the same bases. 
D)  The target must have complementary bases.

Exam 12: Molecular Diagnostic Techniques

Use of microarrays consisting of either DNA or RNA to identify an unknown nucleic acid best describes:

Complementary strands of the DNA are held together by:

In a polymerase chain reaction,the threshold cycle represents:

The individual nucleotides along a single strand of DNA are held together by:

Strand displacement amplification shares which characteristic with polymerase chain reaction?

A short strand of DNA or RNA used to detect an unknown nucleic acid in a patient specimen best describes a:

Light is generated when nucleotides are added to a growing strand of DNA in the process of:

In which technique is the signal amplified instead of the target DNA?

In a polymerase chain reaction,the strand length of the amplicons is determined by the:

What process confers specificity in molecular biology methods?

The best method for detecting multiple genotypes of the same virus is:

In DNA sequencing,what is the purpose of the dideoxynucleotide bases?

Sanger chain termination sequencing differs from polymerase chain reaction because:

Steps in a Southern blot include which of the following?

DNA replication requires which enzymes?

Multiple probes bind to target sequences in:

The common characteristic of transcription-mediated amplification and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction is that both:

Which process can be combined with a bead array format enabling detection of 100 different targets in one sample?

In a ligase chain reaction:

For a probe to hybridize to the target,which condition must be met?

Introduction to Immunity and the Immune System

Nature of Antigens and the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Antibody Structure and Function

Cytokines

Complement System

Safety and Quality Management

Principles of Serological Testing

Precipitation and Agglutination Reactions

Labeled Immunoassays

Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Transplantation Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Immunoproliferative Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Spirochete Diseases

Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Parasitic and Fungal Infections

Serology and Molecular Detection of Viral Infections

Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infection

Immunization and Vaccines

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