Question 1

What are the means, or factors, of production?

Accepted Answer

A) synonyms of a society's mode of production 
B) a society's institutional mechanisms for making sure that everyone is productive 
C) the ways a society organizes production 
D) labor forces organized by kinship ties 
E) a society's major productive resources, such as land and other natural resources, labor, technology, and capital 
A) synonyms of a society's mode of production 
B) a society's institutional mechanisms for making sure that everyone is productive 
C) the ways a society organizes production 
D) labor forces organized by kinship ties 
E) a society's major productive resources, such as land and other natural resources, labor, technology, and capital

Question 2

In which food production system does part of the group's population accompany the herds to distant pastures and the remaining population maintain year-round villages and grow crops?

Accepted Answer

A) pastoral nomadic 
B) transhumance 
C) mixed specialization 
D) intensive agriculturalist 
E) modified foraging 
A) pastoral nomadic 
B) transhumance 
C) mixed specialization 
D) intensive agriculturalist 
E) modified foraging

Question 3

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Yehudi Cohen's adaptive strategies

Accepted Answer

A) suggest hypothetical correlations-that is, a causal relation between two or more variables, such as economic and cultural variables. 
B) suggest multidirectional relationships between a society's mean and its mode of production. 
C) suggest that economic systems are a better way of categorizing societies than relying on cultural patterns. 
D) suggest an association between the economies of societies and their social features. 
E) have strong predictive powers when analyzed in computer models. 
A) suggest hypothetical correlations-that is, a causal relation between two or more variables, such as economic and cultural variables. 
B) suggest multidirectional relationships between a society's mean and its mode of production. 
C) suggest that economic systems are a better way of categorizing societies than relying on cultural patterns. 
D) suggest an association between the economies of societies and their social features. 
E) have strong predictive powers when analyzed in computer models.

Question 5

What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire population moves with their animals throughout the year?

Accepted Answer

A) balanced subsistence 
B) discretionary pastoralism 
C) pastoral nomadism 
D) foraging 
E) transhumance 
A) balanced subsistence 
B) discretionary pastoralism 
C) pastoral nomadism 
D) foraging 
E) transhumance

Question 6

Which of the following statements about potlatching is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Potlatching is an example of competitive feasting. 
B) Potlatching was misinterpreted as a classical case of economically wasteful behavior. 
C) Potlatching is a form of exchange that has long-term adaptive value. 
D) Potlatching is a case that proves that the profit-maximizing motive is a human universal. 
E) Potlatching is well documented among Native American communities of the North Pacific Coast of North America. 
A) Potlatching is an example of competitive feasting. 
B) Potlatching was misinterpreted as a classical case of economically wasteful behavior. 
C) Potlatching is a form of exchange that has long-term adaptive value. 
D) Potlatching is a case that proves that the profit-maximizing motive is a human universal. 
E) Potlatching is well documented among Native American communities of the North Pacific Coast of North America.

Question 7

Potlatching is a form of competitive feasting that enables individuals to redistribute surplus materials while simultaneously increasing their own prestige.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It is typically associated with the use of draft animals. 
B) It cannot support permanent villages. 
C) It requires irrigation. 
D) It requires cultivators to change plots of land, with the fallowing durations varying in different societies. 
E) It relies extensively on chemical fertilizers. 
A) It is typically associated with the use of draft animals. 
B) It cannot support permanent villages. 
C) It requires irrigation. 
D) It requires cultivators to change plots of land, with the fallowing durations varying in different societies. 
E) It relies extensively on chemical fertilizers.

Question 9

Who are peasants?

Accepted Answer

A) people who ignore social norms of behavior 
B) small-scale farmers who own their own land and sell all their crops to buy necessities 
C) small-scale farmers with rent fund obligations 
D) anyone who lives in the country 
E) anyone who falls below the poverty line 
A) people who ignore social norms of behavior 
B) small-scale farmers who own their own land and sell all their crops to buy necessities 
C) small-scale farmers with rent fund obligations 
D) anyone who lives in the country 
E) anyone who falls below the poverty line

Question 10

Which of the following statements about peasants is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) They all live in state-organized societies. 
B) They owe rent to landlords. 
C) They practice small-scale agriculture without modern technology such as chemical fertilizers and tractors. 
D) They owe rent to the government. 
E) They are not part of the world market. 
A) They all live in state-organized societies. 
B) They owe rent to landlords. 
C) They practice small-scale agriculture without modern technology such as chemical fertilizers and tractors. 
D) They owe rent to the government. 
E) They are not part of the world market.

Question 11

Anthropological analysis of potlatching contradicts the classic economics assumption that individuals are, by nature, profit maximizers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Domesticated animals, more specifically their manure and pulling capabilities, are key components of horticulture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Economic relationships are characteristically embedded in other relationships, such as kinship, in all of the following kinds of societies EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) states. 
B) foragers. 
C) horticulturalists. 
D) pastoralists. 
E) chiefdoms. 
A) states. 
B) foragers. 
C) horticulturalists. 
D) pastoralists. 
E) chiefdoms.

Question 14

Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) intensive use of land and human labor. 
B) the use of irrigation and terracing. 
C) developing almost exclusively in arid areas. 
D) lack of proper knowledge about plant domestication. 
E) periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing. 
A) intensive use of land and human labor. 
B) the use of irrigation and terracing. 
C) developing almost exclusively in arid areas. 
D) lack of proper knowledge about plant domestication. 
E) periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing.

Question 16

With balanced reciprocity, the giver expects something in return equal to what was given.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Is the contrast between horticulture and agriculture one of degree, or are they entirely separate practices? What is the difference between these two types of cultivation? Cite ethnographic evidence in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The contrast between horticulture and ag

Question 18

Anthropologists often say that in nonindustrial societies, economic relationships are embedded in social relationships.What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

This means that in nonindustrial societi

Question 19

Why do slash-and-burn cultivators stop using a plot of land every two to three years?

Accepted Answer

A) They burn so much wood that the air becomes too polluted to support a healthful existence. 
B) Slash-and-burn cultivation is unique to segmentary-lineage organized societies, and crop rotation follows the cycle of interlineage exchange. 
C) Slash-and-burn cultivation is associated with big-game hunting, which requires regular movement so as not to deplete the animal population. 
D) Slash-and-burn cultivators use relatively primitive irrigation systems, which have to be repaired every three to four years. 
E) The wild vegetation needs time to reestablish itself before it is burned to clear the land and fertilize the soil. 
A) They burn so much wood that the air becomes too polluted to support a healthful existence. 
B) Slash-and-burn cultivation is unique to segmentary-lineage organized societies, and crop rotation follows the cycle of interlineage exchange. 
C) Slash-and-burn cultivation is associated with big-game hunting, which requires regular movement so as not to deplete the animal population. 
D) Slash-and-burn cultivators use relatively primitive irrigation systems, which have to be repaired every three to four years. 
E) The wild vegetation needs time to reestablish itself before it is burned to clear the land and fertilize the soil.

Question 20

Horticulture refers to low-intensity farming that often uses slash-and-burn techniques to clear land.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What are the means, or factors, of production?

In which food production system does part of the group's population accompany the herds to distant pastures and the remaining population maintain year-round villages and grow crops?

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

Yehudi Cohen's adaptive strategies

What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire population moves with their animals throughout the year?

Which of the following statements about potlatching is NOT true?

Potlatching is a form of competitive feasting that enables individuals to redistribute surplus materials while simultaneously increasing their own prestige.

Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true?

Who are peasants?

Which of the following statements about peasants is NOT true?

Anthropological analysis of potlatching contradicts the classic economics assumption that individuals are, by nature, profit maximizers.

Domesticated animals, more specifically their manure and pulling capabilities, are key components of horticulture.

Economic relationships are characteristically embedded in other relationships, such as kinship, in all of the following kinds of societies EXCEPT

Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by

With balanced reciprocity, the giver expects something in return equal to what was given.

Is the contrast between horticulture and agriculture one of degree, or are they entirely separate practices? What is the difference between these two types of cultivation? Cite ethnographic evidence in your answer.

Anthropologists often say that in nonindustrial societies, economic relationships are embedded in social relationships.What does this mean?

Why do slash-and-burn cultivators stop using a plot of land every two to three years?

Horticulture refers to low-intensity farming that often uses slash-and-burn techniques to clear land.

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Applying Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

Exam 7: Making a Living

What are the means, or factors, of production?

In which food production system does part of the group's population accompany the herds to distant pastures and the remaining population maintain year-round villages and grow crops?

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

Yehudi Cohen's adaptive strategies

What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire population moves with their animals throughout the year?

Which of the following statements about potlatching is NOT true?

Potlatching is a form of competitive feasting that enables individuals to redistribute surplus materials while simultaneously increasing their own prestige.

Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true?

Who are peasants?

Which of the following statements about peasants is NOT true?

Anthropological analysis of potlatching contradicts the classic economics assumption that individuals are, by nature, profit maximizers.

Domesticated animals, more specifically their manure and pulling capabilities, are key components of horticulture.

Economic relationships are characteristically embedded in other relationships, such as kinship, in all of the following kinds of societies EXCEPT

Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.

A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by

With balanced reciprocity, the giver expects something in return equal to what was given.

Is the contrast between horticulture and agriculture one of degree, or are they entirely separate practices? What is the difference between these two types of cultivation? Cite ethnographic evidence in your answer.

Anthropologists often say that in nonindustrial societies, economic relationships are embedded in social relationships.What does this mean?

Why do slash-and-burn cultivators stop using a plot of land every two to three years?

Horticulture refers to low-intensity farming that often uses slash-and-burn techniques to clear land.

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Applying Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters