Question 1

In recent times, many foraging groups have been exposed to the idea of food production but have not adopted it.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) They did not have the skills or tools to do so. 
B) Their own economies provided a perfectly adequate and nutritious diet, with a lot less work. 
C) People naturally resist change, especially foragers. 
D) They had to ask permission from the state to do so. 
E) They did not realize the advantages of food production. 
A) They did not have the skills or tools to do so. 
B) Their own economies provided a perfectly adequate and nutritious diet, with a lot less work. 
C) People naturally resist change, especially foragers. 
D) They had to ask permission from the state to do so. 
E) They did not realize the advantages of food production. B

Question 2

The Kalahari Desert of southern Africa is home to the foraging group known as the Ju/'hoansi San.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

What is industrial alienation? What kinds of activities are most likely to be associated with alienation? What activities in our own society are most alienating? Which are least so?

Accepted Answer

Industrial alienation refers to the feeling of isolation, powerlessness, and lack of control that can occur in a work environment, particularly in industrial or factory settings. This concept was popularized by Karl Marx and is often associated with the dehumanizing effects of modern industrial capitalism.

Activities that are most likely to be associated with alienation are repetitive, monotonous tasks that offer little opportunity for creativity or personal fulfillment. This can include assembly line work, data entry, and other forms of routine, unskilled labor.

In our own society, activities that are most alienating often involve low-wage, low-skill jobs that offer little autonomy or opportunity for personal growth. This can include jobs in the fast food industry, retail, and customer service. These jobs often involve little control over one's work environment and can lead to feelings of disconnection and dissatisfaction.

On the other hand, activities that are least alienating tend to be those that offer a sense of purpose, autonomy, and creativity. This can include jobs in the arts, education, and healthcare, as well as roles that allow for independent decision-making and personal expression. Additionally, jobs that offer a sense of community and connection with others, such as social work or community organizing, can also be less alienating.

Question 4

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies

Accepted Answer

A) alienation is pervasive. 
B) alienation is suffered only among the poorer classes. 
C) social relations are embedded in all relations except the economic ones. 
D) the relations of production, distribution, and consumption are social relations with economic aspects. 
E) alienation is an ascribed status. 
A) alienation is pervasive. 
B) alienation is suffered only among the poorer classes. 
C) social relations are embedded in all relations except the economic ones. 
D) the relations of production, distribution, and consumption are social relations with economic aspects. 
E) alienation is an ascribed status.

Question 5

Because nonindustrial economies can have features of both horticulture and agriculture, it is useful to discuss cultivators as being arranged along a cultivation continuum.Which of the following generally occurs in moving toward the more intensive end of the cultivating continuum?

Accepted Answer

A) increased leisure time 
B) improved overall health status of the population 
C) increased egalitarianism 
D) increasing economic specialization 
E) longer fallow periods 
A) increased leisure time 
B) improved overall health status of the population 
C) increased egalitarianism 
D) increasing economic specialization 
E) longer fallow periods

Question 6

The market principle dominates economic activities in band-level foraging societies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is a mode of production?

Accepted Answer

A) a postindustrial adaptive strategy, such as commercial agriculture or international mercantilism 
B) the land, labor, technology, and capital of production 
C) the way a society's social relations are organized to produce the labor necessary for generating the society's subsistence and energy needs 
D) whether a society is foraging, horticulturalist, or agriculturalist 
E) the cultural aspect of any given economy, such as changing fashions in the textile and clothing industry 
A) a postindustrial adaptive strategy, such as commercial agriculture or international mercantilism 
B) the land, labor, technology, and capital of production 
C) the way a society's social relations are organized to produce the labor necessary for generating the society's subsistence and energy needs 
D) whether a society is foraging, horticulturalist, or agriculturalist 
E) the cultural aspect of any given economy, such as changing fashions in the textile and clothing industry

Question 8

We should not view contemporary foragers as isolated or pristine survivors of the Stone Age.Why? What is the evidence to suggest this view?

Accepted Answer

Contemporary foragers should not be view

Question 9

Do people in all societies maximize material benefits? If not, what other things could be maximized to help explain their motives in everyday life? Do anthropologists believe that the profit maximization motive is a universal? What do you think? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

No, people in all societies do not neces

Question 10

Imagine a foraging society that operates largely according to principles of generalized reciprocity, just prior to being colonized.Now defend the following statement: "Capitalism is not just an economic system; it is also a cultural system."

Accepted Answer

Capitalism is not just an economic syste

Question 11

What are the basic differences and similarities between horticultural and foraging populations? Indicate reasons for the contrasts.

Accepted Answer

Horticultural and foraging populations h

Question 12

What happens as one moves along the cultivation continuum?

Accepted Answer

A) Ceremonies and rituals become less formal. 
B) More time for leisurely pursuits becomes available. 
C) The use of land and labor intensifies. 
D) There is a heavier reliance on swidden cultivation. 
E) The use of communal cooking houses becomes more common. 
A) Ceremonies and rituals become less formal. 
B) More time for leisurely pursuits becomes available. 
C) The use of land and labor intensifies. 
D) There is a heavier reliance on swidden cultivation. 
E) The use of communal cooking houses becomes more common.

Question 13

Throughout the many years that Kottak has been doing research among the nonindustrial Betsileo of Madagascar, he has witnessed the impact of globalization on their livelihood.All of the following have threatened the traditional fabric of Betsileo life EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) agricultural intensification caused by population pressure. 
B) the breakdown of social and political order, fueled by an increasing demand for cash. 
C) the growing threat of cattle thieves, some of them relatively well-educated young men looking to make some cash. 
D) the increased presence of anthropologists collaborating with local leaders to preserve their ancestral lands. 
E) emigration. 
A) agricultural intensification caused by population pressure. 
B) the breakdown of social and political order, fueled by an increasing demand for cash. 
C) the growing threat of cattle thieves, some of them relatively well-educated young men looking to make some cash. 
D) the increased presence of anthropologists collaborating with local leaders to preserve their ancestral lands. 
E) emigration.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of band-organized societies?

Accepted Answer

A) an egalitarian social structure 
B) all related by kinship or marriage 
C) fewer than 100 people 
D) permanent villages 
E) minor contrasts in prestige 
A) an egalitarian social structure 
B) all related by kinship or marriage 
C) fewer than 100 people 
D) permanent villages 
E) minor contrasts in prestige

Question 15

Why do anthropologists question the idea that present-day foragers can be compared to Paleolithic foragers?

Accepted Answer

A) There are no present-day foragers. 
B) The types of foraging vary so widely that few generalizations can be drawn. 
C) Present-day foragers have been in contact with food-producing and industrialized societies for long periods of time and all live within nation-states that inevitably affect their livelihood. 
D) Paleolithic foragers were pre-linguistic. 
E) Paleolithic foragers were not Homo sapiens. 
A) There are no present-day foragers. 
B) The types of foraging vary so widely that few generalizations can be drawn. 
C) Present-day foragers have been in contact with food-producing and industrialized societies for long periods of time and all live within nation-states that inevitably affect their livelihood. 
D) Paleolithic foragers were pre-linguistic. 
E) Paleolithic foragers were not Homo sapiens.

Question 16

How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to clarify your argument.

Accepted Answer

A rent fund and a subsistence fund are t

Question 17

Most contemporary foragers live in remote areas, completely cut off from contact with other modern, agricultural, and industrial communities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT associated with the market principle?

Accepted Answer

A) the profit motive 
B) the law of supply and demand 
C) impersonal economic relations 
D) industrialism 
E) kin-based generalized reciprocity 
A) the profit motive 
B) the law of supply and demand 
C) impersonal economic relations 
D) industrialism 
E) kin-based generalized reciprocity

Question 19

In most foraging societies, private ownership of bounded land has been almost nonexistent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature:

Accepted Answer

A) their emphasis on devising new forms of organic pesticides. 
B) their reliance on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
C) their willingness to test out new food-producing technologies to see if they are any better than what they are used to. 
D) their interest in developing irrigation technologies to control sources of water. 
E) their reliance on available natural resources for their subsistence, rather than controlling the reproduction of plants and animals. 
A) their emphasis on devising new forms of organic pesticides. 
B) their reliance on welfare supplied by state-level societies. 
C) their willingness to test out new food-producing technologies to see if they are any better than what they are used to. 
D) their interest in developing irrigation technologies to control sources of water. 
E) their reliance on available natural resources for their subsistence, rather than controlling the reproduction of plants and animals.

In recent times, many foraging groups have been exposed to the idea of food production but have not adopted it.Why?

The Kalahari Desert of southern Africa is home to the foraging group known as the Ju/'hoansi San.

What is industrial alienation? What kinds of activities are most likely to be associated with alienation? What activities in our own society are most alienating? Which are least so?

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies

Because nonindustrial economies can have features of both horticulture and agriculture, it is useful to discuss cultivators as being arranged along a cultivation continuum.Which of the following generally occurs in moving toward the more intensive end of the cultivating continuum?

The market principle dominates economic activities in band-level foraging societies.

What is a mode of production?

We should not view contemporary foragers as isolated or pristine survivors of the Stone Age.Why? What is the evidence to suggest this view?

Do people in all societies maximize material benefits? If not, what other things could be maximized to help explain their motives in everyday life? Do anthropologists believe that the profit maximization motive is a universal? What do you think? Explain your answer.

Imagine a foraging society that operates largely according to principles of generalized reciprocity, just prior to being colonized.Now defend the following statement: "Capitalism is not just an economic system; it is also a cultural system."

What are the basic differences and similarities between horticultural and foraging populations? Indicate reasons for the contrasts.

What happens as one moves along the cultivation continuum?

Throughout the many years that Kottak has been doing research among the nonindustrial Betsileo of Madagascar, he has witnessed the impact of globalization on their livelihood.All of the following have threatened the traditional fabric of Betsileo life EXCEPT

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of band-organized societies?

Why do anthropologists question the idea that present-day foragers can be compared to Paleolithic foragers?

How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to clarify your argument.

Most contemporary foragers live in remote areas, completely cut off from contact with other modern, agricultural, and industrial communities.

Which of the following is NOT associated with the market principle?

In most foraging societies, private ownership of bounded land has been almost nonexistent.

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature:

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Applying Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

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Exam 7: Making a Living

In recent times, many foraging groups have been exposed to the idea of food production but have not adopted it.Why?

The Kalahari Desert of southern Africa is home to the foraging group known as the Ju/'hoansi San.

What is industrial alienation? What kinds of activities are most likely to be associated with alienation? What activities in our own society are most alienating? Which are least so?

Unlike in industrial societies, where economic alienation is common, in nonindustrial societies

Because nonindustrial economies can have features of both horticulture and agriculture, it is useful to discuss cultivators as being arranged along a cultivation continuum.Which of the following generally occurs in moving toward the more intensive end of the cultivating continuum?

The market principle dominates economic activities in band-level foraging societies.

What is a mode of production?

We should not view contemporary foragers as isolated or pristine survivors of the Stone Age.Why? What is the evidence to suggest this view?

Do people in all societies maximize material benefits? If not, what other things could be maximized to help explain their motives in everyday life? Do anthropologists believe that the profit maximization motive is a universal? What do you think? Explain your answer.

Imagine a foraging society that operates largely according to principles of generalized reciprocity, just prior to being colonized.Now defend the following statement: "Capitalism is not just an economic system; it is also a cultural system."

What are the basic differences and similarities between horticultural and foraging populations? Indicate reasons for the contrasts.

What happens as one moves along the cultivation continuum?

Throughout the many years that Kottak has been doing research among the nonindustrial Betsileo of Madagascar, he has witnessed the impact of globalization on their livelihood.All of the following have threatened the traditional fabric of Betsileo life EXCEPT

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of band-organized societies?

Why do anthropologists question the idea that present-day foragers can be compared to Paleolithic foragers?

How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to clarify your argument.

Most contemporary foragers live in remote areas, completely cut off from contact with other modern, agricultural, and industrial communities.

Which of the following is NOT associated with the market principle?

In most foraging societies, private ownership of bounded land has been almost nonexistent.

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature:

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Applying Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters