Exam 11: Federal Spending

A policymaker that wants to make sure that the services of the government continue to be provided during a time when there are a growing number of people that rely on them is likely to argue for the use of

If logrolling occurs during the creation of a highway construction bill, this means that

The enormous budget deficits of 2009 through 2011 meant that the federal government was borrowing upwards of $1.5 trillion per year. If that borrowing had limited the ability of the private sector to get financial capital for its purposes economists would call this crowding out. There was

Projections of the trajectory of discretionary relative to mandatory spending made in 2016 had

Laws that change the tax code must begin

Crowding out is the idea that when

Suppose there was a debate regarding how to spend $1 billion in newly found revenues in the budget. Suppose the centrist Democrat suggests an increase to infrastructure spending. Suppose the centrist Republican suggests an increase in cyber-defense spending. Each is arguing that their plan will get the most good for the money. What is going on here?

Suppose there was a debate regarding how to spend $1 billion in newly found revenues in the budget. Suppose the most liberal Democrat suggests an increase to Food Stamp (SNAP)allotments. Suppose the most conservative Republican suggests an increase in defense spending. The Republican says that, on average, military spending does the most good so more is better. The Democrat is arguing that the extra food purchased by the extra spending will increase well-being the most. What is going on here?

If $20 billion was spent on a program last year and $21 billion would be required to maintain services at the same level, then a budgeted figure of $20.5 billion would represent

The fiscal year for the Federal government begins

The infamous "bridge to nowhere" was tucked into emergency spending intended for

Federal Spending in 2016 was

The percentage of the federal budget devoted to Social Security has

The United States Constitution states that

In 2016, the largest item in the Federal Budget was

Using marginal analysis, an economist would judge the proper distribution of government spending by comparing

In 2016, the largest item in the Federal Budget was

The federal spending appropriation for Transportation projects in Fiscal Year 2016 was

The impending retirement of aging Baby Boomers is quite likely to re-establish the trend of

Federal tax dollars can be spent only if