Exam 2: Animal Ecology

While an animal can survive (determined by lab tests)between the temperatures of 10 ^$\circ$ C and 30 ^$\circ$ C,we find in nature that it only occurs between 16 ^$\circ$ C and 28 ^$\circ$ C.This is the difference between the fundamental niche and the realized niche of the animal.

The bat is found in 1)groves and grasslands,and 2)has a 4-degree temperature limit,and is at the end of its food chain.This defines its habitat and niche.

A species with a large geographic range would have a _______ average extinction rate than a species with a small geographic range.

With over one billion people,but less land to farm than is in the United States,the People's Republic of China instituted a one child per family policy.This immediately changed the numerical value of "r" in the logistic growth equation.

The only organisms that can do anything about increasing the carrying capacity of their environment are ____________.

The study of whether most young of an animal die soon after they are hatched or whether most young grow up and the population dies in old age is called neoteny.

Two species of caterpillar feed on the same species of corn.Upon close inspection,the two insects are found to be feeding on different parts of the corn,the root and the stem.Such observations led us to believe that no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time,a principle called

Producers in deep sea thermal vent communities are

We could state a biological "law" that all food chains begin with photosynthetic producers if it wasn't for the exception of

A keystone species is

A species that when removed from a community changes the structure of the community is called a ____________ species.

Natural populations are controlled by density-dependent and density-independent forces.What is an example of a density independent factor?

In the logistic equation to describe the growth of populations,"r" is the intrinsic rate of increase of the population,and ____________ is the carrying capacity of the environment.

A series of steps in which plants are eaten by consumers,which are themselves eaten by other consumers,is called a ____________.

An interaction in which one species derives benefit from its host,but neither benefits nor harms the host is ____________.

A female trout,where the sex ratio is about equal,can lay approximately 10,000 fertilized eggs.If the trout population is at its carrying capacity,only 2 eggs,on average,will survive to adulthood.

When dropping sterilized screwworm flies in a (mostly successful)attempt to eradicate them from the United States,scientists found that not all of the adult screwworm flies,often from different areas,were mating with each other.Each of the internally mating populations constituted a deme.

Almost all life depends on the energy of the _______.

A frog is found along the edge of a pond.This location where it lives would be the frog's niche.

Some conditions that can limit population size are severe cold,drought,fire,etc. ;such conditions are regarded as density-_____________ mortality.