Exam 18: International Capital Budgeting

As of today,the spot exchange rate is €1.00 = $1.25 and the rates of inflation expected to prevail for the next year in the U.S.is 2 percent and 3 percent in the euro zone.What is the one-year forward rate that should prevail?

Tiger Towers,Inc.is considering an expansion of their existing business,student apartments.The new project will be built on some vacant land that the firm has just contracted to buy.The land cost $1,000,000 and the payment is due today.Construction of a 20-unit office building will cost $3 million; this expense will be depreciated straight-line over 30 years to zero salvage value; the pretax value of the land and building in year 30 will be $18,000,000.The $3,000,000 construction cost is to be paid today.The project will not change the risk level of the firm.The firm will lease 20 office suites at $20,000 per suite per year; payment is due at the start of the year; occupancy will begin in one year.Variable cost is $3,500 per suite.Fixed costs,excluding depreciation,are $75,000 per year.The project will require a $10,000 investment in net working capital. $r \text { debt }$ = 10.0% $r \text { WACC }$ = 11.20% $r \text { asset }$ = 15.0% tax rate = 34% $\frac { D } { E }$ = 3 $r _ { \text {equity } }$ = 24.9% $r \text { free }$ = 2% Assume that the firm will partially finance the project with a $3,000,000 interest-only 30-year loan at 10.0 percent APR with annual payments. What is the levered after-tax incremental cash flow for year 0?

Consider a project of the Cornell Haul Moving Company,the timing and size of the incremental after-tax cash flows (for an all-equity firm)are shown below in millions: The firm's tax rate is 34 percent; the firm's bonds trade with a yield to maturity of 8 percent; the current and target debt-equity ratio is 2; if the firm were financed entirely with equity,the required return would be 10 percent. Using the APV method,what is the value of this project to an all-equity firm?

A French firm is considering a one-year investment in the United Kingdom with a pound-denominated rate of return of i_£ = 15%.The firm's local cost of capital is i_€ = 10%.The project costs £1,000 and will return £1,150 at the end of one year.The current exchange rate is €2.00 = £1.00. Suppose that the bank of England is considering either tightening or loosening its monetary policy.It is widely believed that in one year there are only two possibilities: S₁ (€/£)= €2.20 per £ S₁ (€/£)= €1.80 per £ Following revaluation,the exchange rate is expected to remain steady for at least another year. Find th e ex post IRR in euro for the French firm if they undertake the project today and then the exchange rate rises to S₁(€/£)= €2.20 per £.

Consider a project of the Cornell Haul Moving Company,the timing and size of the incremental after-tax cash flows (for an all-equity firm)are shown below in millions: The firm's tax rate is 34 percent; the firm's bonds trade with a yield to maturity of 8 percent; the current and target debt-equity ratio is 3; if the firm were financed entirely with equity,the required return would be 10 percent. Using the flow to equity methodology,what is the value of the equity claim?

The required return on equity for an all-equity firm is 10.0 percent.They are considering a change in capital structure to a debt-to-equity ratio of ½ the tax rate is 40 percent,the pre-tax cost of debt is 8 percent.Find the new cost of capital if this firm changes capital structure.

An American Hedge Fund is considering a one-year investment in an Italian government bond with a one-year maturity and a euro-denominated rate of return of i_€ = 5%.The bond costs €1,000 today and will return €1,050 at the end of one year without risk.The current exchange rate is €1.00 = $1.50.U.S.dollar-denominated government bonds currently have a yield to maturity of 4 percent.Suppose that the European Central Bank is considering either tightening or loosening its monetary policy.It is widely believed that in one year there are only two possibilities: S₁ ($/€)= €1.80 per € S₁ ($/€)= €1.40 per € Following revaluation,the exchange rate is expected to remain steady for at least another year. Your banker quotes the euro-zone risk-free rate at i_€ = 5% and the U.S.risk free rate at i_$ = 4%.Find the value of the option and thereby the correct value of the bond to a U.S.investor.

Today is January 1,2009.The state of Iowa has offered your firm a subsidized loan.It will be in the amount of $10,000,000 at an interest rate of 5 percent and have ANNUAL (amortizing)payments over 3 years.The first payment is due today and your taxes are due January 1 of each year on the previous year's income.The yield to maturity on your firm's existing debt is 8 percent.What is the NPV of this subsidized loan? Note that I did not round my intermediate steps.If you did,your answer may be off by a bit.Select the answer closest to yours.

The Strik-it-Rich Gold Mining Company is contemplating expanding its operations.To do so it will need to purchase land that its geologists believe is rich in gold.Strik-it-Rich's management believes that the expansion will allow it to mine and sell an additional 2,000 troy ounces of gold per year.The expansion,including the cost of the land,will cost $500,000.The current price of gold bullion is $425 per ounce and one-year gold futures are trading at $450.50 = $425 × (1.06).Extraction costs are $375 per ounce.The firm's cost of capital is 10 percent. Strik-it-Rich's management is,however,concerned with the possibility that large sales of gold reserves by Russia and the United Kingdom will drive the price of gold down to $390 for the foreseeable future.On the other hand,management believes there is some possibility that the world will soon return to a gold reserve international monetary system.In the latter event,the price of gold would increase to at least $460 per ounce.The course of the future price of gold bullion should become clear within a year.Strik-it-Rich can postpone the expansion for a year by buying a purchase option on the land for $25,000. Compute the NPV at the current price of gold.Hint: think of the gold mine as a perpetuity.

An American Hedge Fund is considering a one-year investment in an Italian government bond with a one-year maturity and a euro-denominated rate of return of i_€ = 5%.The bond costs €1,000 today and will return €1,050 at the end of one year without risk.The current exchange rate is €1.00 = $1.50.U.S.dollar-denominated government bonds currently have a yield to maturity of 4 percent.Suppose that the European Central Bank is considering either tightening or loosening its monetary policy.It is widely believed that in one year there are only two possibilities: S₁ ($/€)= €1.80 per € S₁ ($/€)= €1.40 per € Following revaluation,the exchange rate is expected to remain steady for at least another year. The hedge fund manager notices the optionality in starting this project today.He asks you to comment and outline your valuation strategy.

Tiger Towers,Inc.is considering an expansion of their existing business,student apartments.The new project will be built on some vacant land that the firm has just contracted to buy.The land cost $1,000,000 and the payment is due today.Construction of a 20-unit office building will cost $3 million; this expense will be depreciated straight-line over 30 years to zero salvage value; the pretax value of the land and building in year 30 will be $18,000,000.The $3,000,000 construction cost is to be paid today.The project will not change the risk level of the firm.The firm will lease 20 office suites at $20,000 per suite per year; payment is due at the start of the year; occupancy will begin in one year.Variable cost is $3,500 per suite.Fixed costs,excluding depreciation,are $75,000 per year.The project will require a $10,000 investment in net working capital. $r \text { debt }$ = 10.0% $r \text { WACC }$ = 11.20% $r \text { asset }$ = 15.0% tax rate = 34% $\frac { D } { E }$ = 3 $r _ { \text {equity } }$ = 24.9% $r \text { free }$ = 2% The firm's tax rate is 34 percent.The firm's pre-tax cost of debt is 8 percent; the firm's debt-to-equity ratio is 3; the risk-free rate is 3 percent; the beta of the firm's common stock is 1.5; the market risk premium is 9 percent.What is the firm's cost of equity capital?

A French firm is considering a one-year investment in the United Kingdom with a pound-denominated rate of return of i_£ = 15%.The firm's local cost of capital is i_€ = 10%.The project costs £1,000 and will return £1,150 at the end of one year.The current exchange rate is €2.00 = £1.00. Suppose that the bank of England is considering either tightening or loosening its monetary policy.It is widely believed that in one year there are only two possibilities: S₁ (€/£)= €2.20 per £ S₁ (€/£)= €1.80 per £ Following revaluation,the exchange rate is expected to remain steady for at least another year. Find the NPV in euro for the French firm if they wait one year to undertake the project after the exchange rate falls to S₁(€/£)= €1.80 per £.

The required return on equity for a levered firm is 10.60 percent.The debt to equity ratio is ½ the tax rate is 40 percent,the pre-tax cost of debt is 8 percent.Find the cost of capital if this firm were financed entirely with equity.

An American Hedge Fund is considering a one-year investment in an Italian government bond with a one-year maturity and a euro-denominated rate of return of i_€ = 5%.The bond costs €1,000 today and will return €1,050 at the end of one year without risk.The current exchange rate is €1.00 = $1.50.U.S.dollar-denominated government bonds currently have a yield to maturity of 4 percent.Suppose that the European Central Bank is considering either tightening or loosening its monetary policy.It is widely believed that in one year there are only two possibilities: S₁ ($/€)= €1.80 per € S₁ ($/€)= €1.40 per € Following revaluation,the exchange rate is expected to remain steady for at least another year. Using your results to the last question,make a recommendation vis-à-vis when to buy the bond.

An American Hedge Fund is considering a one-year investment in an Italian government bond with a one-year maturity and a euro-denominated rate of return of i_€ = 5%.The bond costs €1,000 today and will return €1,050 at the end of one year without risk.The current exchange rate is €1.00 = $1.50.U.S.dollar-denominated government bonds currently have a yield to maturity of 4 percent.Suppose that the European Central Bank is considering either tightening or loosening its monetary policy.It is widely believed that in one year there are only two possibilities: S₁ ($/€)= €1.80 per € S₁ ($/€)= €1.40 per € Following revaluation,the exchange rate is expected to remain steady for at least another year. Find the IRR in dollars for the American firm if they wait one year to buy the bond after the exchange rate rises to S₁($/€)= $1.80 per €.Assume that i_€ doesn't change.

Tiger Towers,Inc.is considering an expansion of their existing business,student apartments.The new project will be built on some vacant land that the firm has just contracted to buy.The land cost $1,000,000 and the payment is due today.Construction of a 20-unit office building will cost $3 million; this expense will be depreciated straight-line over 30 years to zero salvage value; the pretax value of the land and building in year 30 will be $18,000,000.The $3,000,000 construction cost is to be paid today.The project will not change the risk level of the firm.The firm will lease 20 office suites at $20,000 per suite per year; payment is due at the start of the year; occupancy will begin in one year.Variable cost is $3,500 per suite.Fixed costs,excluding depreciation,are $75,000 per year.The project will require a $10,000 investment in net working capital. $r \text { debt }$ = 10.0% $r \text { WACC }$ = 11.20% $r \text { asset }$ = 15.0% tax rate = 34% $\frac { D } { E }$ = 3 $r _ { \text {equity } }$ = 24.9% $r \text { free }$ = 2% Assume that the firm will partially finance the project with a subsidized $3,000,000 interest only 30-year loan at 8.0 percent APR with annual payments.Note that eight percent is less than the 10 percent that they normally borrow at.What is the NPV of the loan?

Your firm is based in southern Ireland (and thereby operates in euro,not pounds)and is considering an investment in the United States. The project involves selling widgets: you project a sales volume of 50,000 widgets per year,sales price of $20 per widget with a contribution margin of $15 per widget. The project will last for 5 years,require an investment of $1,000,000 at time zero (which will be depreciated straight-line to $10,000 over the 5 years).Salvage value for the equipment is projected to be $10,000.The project will operate in rented quarters: $300,000 rent is due at the start of each year. The corporate tax rate is 12½ percent in Ireland and 40 percent in the U.S. For simplicity,assume that taxes are paid like sales taxes: immediately. The spot exchange rate is $1.50 = €1.00.The cost of capital to the Irish firm for a domestic project of this risk is 8 percent.The U.S.risk-free rate is 3 percent; the Irish risk-free rate is 2 percent. What is CF5 in dollars?

Consider a project of the Cornell Haul Moving Company,the timing and size of the incremental after-tax cash flows (for an all-equity firm)are shown below in millions: The firm's tax rate is 34 percent; the firm's bonds trade with a yield to maturity of 8 percent; the current and target debt-equity ratio is 3; if the firm were financed entirely with equity,the required return would be 10 percent. Using the APV method,what is the value of this project to an all-equity firm?

Which of the following statements is false about "borrowing capacity"?

Consider the following international investment opportunity.It involves a gold mine that can be opened at a cost,then produces a positive cash flow,but then requires environmental clean-up. The current exchange rate is $1.55 = €1.00.The inflation rate in the U.S.is 6 percent and in the euro zone 2 percent.The appropriate cost of capital to a U.S.-based firm for a domestic project of this risk is 8 percent. What is the dollar-denominated IRR of this project?