Question 1

In preparation for attachment to the tRNA,amino acids are activated by

Accepted Answer

A)  methylation. 
B)  adenylation. 
C)  N-acetylation. 
D)  formylation. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  methylation. 
B)  adenylation. 
C)  N-acetylation. 
D)  formylation. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 2

What term refers to the polygenic nature of bacterial mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  polytranslated mRNA 
B)  polytranscribed mRNA 
C)  polycistronic mRNA 
D)  polymeric mRNA 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  polytranslated mRNA 
B)  polytranscribed mRNA 
C)  polycistronic mRNA 
D)  polymeric mRNA 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 3

What is the amino acid error rate in protein synthesis? Is this rate logical in evolutionary terms of function?

Accepted Answer

The error rate is approximatel

Question 4

How does puromycin inhibit protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Puromycin resembles an amino acid attach

Question 5

Where is the attachment site and where is the anticodon loop with respect to the nucleotide sequence and with respect to the L-shaped structure of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid is attached to the CCA se

Question 6

Explain why some bases in some RNAs cannot be involved in base pairs.

Accepted Answer

Some RNA contains unusual base

Question 7

What are some of the features common to tRNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each is a single chain between 73 and 93 ribonucleotides. 
B)  They contain many unusual bases. 
C)  About half the nucleotides in tRNA are base-paired. 
D)  They usually have a pG at the 5′ terminal. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  Each is a single chain between 73 and 93 ribonucleotides. 
B)  They contain many unusual bases. 
C)  About half the nucleotides in tRNA are base-paired. 
D)  They usually have a pG at the 5′ terminal. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Proteins destined for extracellular release must first bind to the _________________ in the lumen of the ER.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Proteins destined for extracellular release must first...

Question 9

Describe the subunits of E.coli ribosomes.

Accepted Answer

E.coli ribosomes contain a large (50S)an

Question 10

The rate of translation in E.coli is ________ amino acids per second.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  20 
C)  50 
D)  120 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  5 
B)  20 
C)  50 
D)  120 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 11

Which component of the tRNA is most important for the binding specificity of the tRNA synthetase?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable loop 
B)  anticodon loop 
C)  TΨC loop 
D)  CCA 3ʹ terminus 
E)  DHU loop 
A)  variable loop 
B)  anticodon loop 
C)  TΨC loop 
D)  CCA 3ʹ terminus 
E)  DHU loop

Question 12

What hypothesis explains why some tRNA molecules can bind to more than one codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  jiggle hypothesis 
B)  shimmy hypothesis 
C)  teeter hypothesis 
D)  totter hypothesis 
E)  wobble hypothesis 
A)  jiggle hypothesis 
B)  shimmy hypothesis 
C)  teeter hypothesis 
D)  totter hypothesis 
E)  wobble hypothesis

Question 13

How much energy is used to attach the amino acid to the tRNA?

Accepted Answer

The equiva

Question 14

Which of the following is (are)required for initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  the 30S subunit 
C)  fmet-tRNAf 
D)  GTP 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  mRNA 
B)  the 30S subunit 
C)  fmet-tRNAf 
D)  GTP 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

How does the size of an amino acid influence accurate attachment of the amino acid to the tRNA in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase reactions?

Accepted Answer

The activation site rejects am

Question 16

How do class I and class II aminoacyl tRNA synthetases differ?

Accepted Answer

There are several differences.They bind

Question 17

What term describes the RNA-directed process of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription 
B)  translation 
C)  Merrifield synthesis 
D)  ribozyme-directed protein synthesis 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  transcription 
B)  translation 
C)  Merrifield synthesis 
D)  ribozyme-directed protein synthesis 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

What is another name for an amino acid ester of a tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  linked tRNA 
B)  loaded tRNA 
C)  esterified tRNA 
D)  charged tRNA 
E)  filled tRNA 
A)  linked tRNA 
B)  loaded tRNA 
C)  esterified tRNA 
D)  charged tRNA 
E)  filled tRNA

Question 19

What is the function of the B segment of diphtheria toxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  mimics aminoacyl-tRNA, thus causing premature termination of protein synthesis 
B)  cleaving tRNA 
C)  allowing the A fragment to enter the cell 
D)  covalent modification of elongation factor 2 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  mimics aminoacyl-tRNA, thus causing premature termination of protein synthesis 
B)  cleaving tRNA 
C)  allowing the A fragment to enter the cell 
D)  covalent modification of elongation factor 2 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

The activation of a tRNA involves the formation of a(n)__________________ intermediate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The activation of a tRNA involves the...

Exam 30: Protein Synthesis

In preparation for attachment to the tRNA,amino acids are activated by

What term refers to the polygenic nature of bacterial mRNA?

What is the amino acid error rate in protein synthesis? Is this rate logical in evolutionary terms of function?

How does puromycin inhibit protein synthesis?

Where is the attachment site and where is the anticodon loop with respect to the nucleotide sequence and with respect to the L-shaped structure of tRNA?

Explain why some bases in some RNAs cannot be involved in base pairs.

What are some of the features common to tRNA molecules?

Proteins destined for extracellular release must first bind to the _________________ in the lumen of the ER.

Describe the subunits of E.coli ribosomes.

The rate of translation in E.coli is ________ amino acids per second.

Which component of the tRNA is most important for the binding specificity of the tRNA synthetase?

What hypothesis explains why some tRNA molecules can bind to more than one codon?

How much energy is used to attach the amino acid to the tRNA?

Which of the following is (are)required for initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria?

How does the size of an amino acid influence accurate attachment of the amino acid to the tRNA in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase reactions?

How do class I and class II aminoacyl tRNA synthetases differ?

What term describes the RNA-directed process of protein synthesis?

What is another name for an amino acid ester of a tRNA?

What is the function of the B segment of diphtheria toxin?

The activation of a tRNA involves the formation of a(n)__________________ intermediate.

Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

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