Question 1

The first amino acid in bacterial proteins is

Accepted Answer

A)  Met. 
B)  fGly. 
C)  fMet. 
D)  Gly. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  Met. 
B)  fGly. 
C)  fMet. 
D)  Gly. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. C

Question 2

The feature(s)of DNA deduced by Watson and Crick included

Accepted Answer

A)  two antiparallel polynucleotide chains coiled in a helix around a common axis. 
B)  the pyrimidine and purine bases lie on the inside of the helix. 
C)  the bases are nearly perpendicular to the axis. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  two antiparallel polynucleotide chains coiled in a helix around a common axis. 
B)  the pyrimidine and purine bases lie on the inside of the helix. 
C)  the bases are nearly perpendicular to the axis. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. D

Question 3

Why are deletion and insertion mutations potentially lethal?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code has no punctuation.The sequence of bases is read sequentially from a fixed starting point codon,AUG.After the reading begins,every set of three bases codes for one amino acid in the protein sequence.If an insertion or a deletion occurs,there can be a completely different set of codes after the mutation,which can result in a nonsense sequence and a nonfunctional protein.

Question 4

What are the common promoter regions found in bacterial genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  a Hogness box at about -10 and a -35 region 
B)  a TATA box at about -25 and a CAAT box at about -75 
C)  a Pribnow box at about -10 and a TATA box at about -25 
D)  a TATA box at about -25 and a -35 region 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  a Hogness box at about -10 and a -35 region 
B)  a TATA box at about -25 and a CAAT box at about -75 
C)  a Pribnow box at about -10 and a TATA box at about -25 
D)  a TATA box at about -25 and a -35 region 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 5

Draw two nucleotides in DNA showing the linkage between the sugars.

Accepted Answer

@#IMG-DLM& The 3' oxygen of one nucleotide is link

Question 6

The genetic code is not universal.Where are exceptions found?

Accepted Answer

Exceptions are found in severa

Question 7

What is DNA hybridization?

Accepted Answer

DNA hybridization is the proce

Question 8

What is the approximate error rate in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 *10S1U1P1-5S1S1P0S1S1P0 
B)  1*10S1U1P1-5S1S1P0S1S1P0 
C)  1 * 10S1U1P1-14S1S1P0 
D)  1 * 10S1U1P1-11S1S1P0 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  1 *10S1U1P1-5S1S1P0S1S1P0 
B)  1*10S1U1P1-5S1S1P0S1S1P0 
C)  1 * 10S1U1P1-14S1S1P0 
D)  1 * 10S1U1P1-11S1S1P0 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 9

Draw the hydrogen-bonded base pairs of A to T and show why A does not hydrogen bond to C.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw the hydrogen-bonded base pairs of A...

Question 10

How does a nucleotide differ from a nucleoside?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleosides are found in DNA, whereas nucleotides are found in RNA. 
B)  Purines are only found in nucleotides. 
C)  Nucleosides contain only deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  A nucleotide is a nucleoside with a phosphate ester linked to the sugar. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  Nucleosides are found in DNA, whereas nucleotides are found in RNA. 
B)  Purines are only found in nucleotides. 
C)  Nucleosides contain only deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  A nucleotide is a nucleoside with a phosphate ester linked to the sugar. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 11

The technique(s)used by Franklin and Wilkins to deduce the structure of DNA was

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbance spectrophotometry. 
B)  electron microscopy. 
C)  x-ray diffraction. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  absorbance spectrophotometry. 
B)  electron microscopy. 
C)  x-ray diffraction. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 12

What is the nucleotide sequence on the DNA template strand that yields the CUA codon for leucine?

Accepted Answer

A)  AUC 
B)  TAG 
C)  CTA 
D)  GAT 
E)  CUA 
A)  AUC 
B)  TAG 
C)  CTA 
D)  GAT 
E)  CUA

Question 13

The enzyme that is capable of synthesizing DNA from an RNA template is __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The enzyme that is capable of synthesizing...

Question 14

Describe the DNA helix proposed by Watson and Crick.

Accepted Answer

The DNA model proposed by Watson and Cri

Question 15

What are the characteristics of Z-DNA and what does the Z in Z-DNA stand for?

Accepted Answer

Z-DNA is a double helix that i

Question 16

The advantage(s)to having most genes of higher eukaryotes,such as birds and mammals,be split include

Accepted Answer

A)  the potential for generating related proteins. 
B)  the preservation of functional units (e.g. catalytic site). 
C)  the resistance to mutation. 
D)  the potential for generating related proteins and the preservation of functional units (e.g. catalytic site). 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  the potential for generating related proteins. 
B)  the preservation of functional units (e.g. catalytic site). 
C)  the resistance to mutation. 
D)  the potential for generating related proteins and the preservation of functional units (e.g. catalytic site). 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 17

Although the right-handed double helix is the most well-known DNA structure,DNA can also form

Accepted Answer

A)  triple strands. 
B)  straight chains. 
C)  branched chains. 
D)  left-handed helices. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  triple strands. 
B)  straight chains. 
C)  branched chains. 
D)  left-handed helices. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

The chemical forces that contribute to the stability of the DNA due to the base stacking present in the DNA helix are

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds. 
B)  van der Waals. 
C)  disulfide bonds. 
D)  van der Waals and disulfide bonds. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  hydrogen bonds. 
B)  van der Waals. 
C)  disulfide bonds. 
D)  van der Waals and disulfide bonds. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 19

What advantage do phosphodiesters have compared to other esters?

Accepted Answer

The negative charge serves to

Question 20

Each three-base codon encodes a specific _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA nucleotide 
B)  mRNA nucleotide 
C)  tRNA nucleotide 
D)  rRNA nucleotide 
E)  amino acid 
A)  DNA nucleotide 
B)  mRNA nucleotide 
C)  tRNA nucleotide 
D)  rRNA nucleotide 
E)  amino acid

Exam 4: DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

The first amino acid in bacterial proteins is

The feature(s)of DNA deduced by Watson and Crick included

Why are deletion and insertion mutations potentially lethal?

What are the common promoter regions found in bacterial genes?

Draw two nucleotides in DNA showing the linkage between the sugars.

The genetic code is not universal.Where are exceptions found?

What is DNA hybridization?

What is the approximate error rate in DNA replication?

Draw the hydrogen-bonded base pairs of A to T and show why A does not hydrogen bond to C.

How does a nucleotide differ from a nucleoside?

The technique(s)used by Franklin and Wilkins to deduce the structure of DNA was

What is the nucleotide sequence on the DNA template strand that yields the CUA codon for leucine?

The enzyme that is capable of synthesizing DNA from an RNA template is __________________.

Describe the DNA helix proposed by Watson and Crick.

What are the characteristics of Z-DNA and what does the Z in Z-DNA stand for?

The advantage(s)to having most genes of higher eukaryotes,such as birds and mammals,be split include

Although the right-handed double helix is the most well-known DNA structure,DNA can also form

The chemical forces that contribute to the stability of the DNA due to the base stacking present in the DNA helix are

What advantage do phosphodiesters have compared to other esters?

Each three-base codon encodes a specific _____.

Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

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