Question 1

Common elements that occur in many signal transduction pathways include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Specialized domains mediate specific interactions in the pathway. 
B)  Second messengers may participate. 
C)  Cell division is usually the result. 
D)  A and B 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  Specialized domains mediate specific interactions in the pathway. 
B)  Second messengers may participate. 
C)  Cell division is usually the result. 
D)  A and B 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 2

What is the general mechanism for signal transmission by 7TM receptors?

Accepted Answer

The receptors "snake" through a membrane

Question 3

Which of the following is the inactive form of protein kinase A?

Accepted Answer

A)  R2C2 
B)  R4C2 
C)  R2C4 
D)  R4C4 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  R2C2 
B)  R4C2 
C)  R2C4 
D)  R4C4 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 4

What is meant by an EF hand? Draw or describe the structure.

Accepted Answer

The EF hand is a protein that binds calc

Question 5

What family of proteins contains the Ras proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  GAP proteins 
B)  G-protein receptor kinases 
C)  small G proteins 
D)  seven-transmembrane helix receptors 
E)  heterotrimeric G proteins 
A)  GAP proteins 
B)  G-protein receptor kinases 
C)  small G proteins 
D)  seven-transmembrane helix receptors 
E)  heterotrimeric G proteins

Question 6

Cross-phosphorylation of the EGF receptor is possible when two receptor proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  are cleaved. 
B)  dimerize. 
C)  are internalized into organelles. 
D)  covalently cross link. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  are cleaved. 
B)  dimerize. 
C)  are internalized into organelles. 
D)  covalently cross link. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

How is the hormone-bound activated receptor reset after activation?

Accepted Answer

The hormone dissociates,and the receptor

Question 8

What is the primary messenger that is released by the adrenal gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  glucagon 
D)  insulin 
E)  acetylcholine 
A)  dopamine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  glucagon 
D)  insulin 
E)  acetylcholine

Question 9

Which of the following is a common example of a mechanism by which a signaling process might be terminated?

Accepted Answer

A)  change in temperature 
B)  aggregation of all protein subunits 
C)  protein dephosphorylation by phosphatases 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  change in temperature 
B)  aggregation of all protein subunits 
C)  protein dephosphorylation by phosphatases 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 10

What eukaryotic protein serves as an intracellular Ca2+ sensor by binding to four calcium ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  calmodulin 
B)  phospholipase C 
C)  protein kinase C 
D)  vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein 
E)  calcitonin 
A)  calmodulin 
B)  phospholipase C 
C)  protein kinase C 
D)  vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein 
E)  calcitonin

Question 11

The catalytically active form of the insulin receptor is a result of phosphorylation of specific ____________ residues in the activation loop.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The catalytically active form of the insulin...

Question 12

What enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of PIP2?

Accepted Answer

A)  phospholipase A 
B)  phospholipase C 
C)  phospholipase D 
D)  phospholipase P 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  phospholipase A 
B)  phospholipase C 
C)  phospholipase D 
D)  phospholipase P 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a disease that is caused by altered G-protein activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  whooping cough 
B)  cholera 
C)  bubonic plague 
D)  whooping cough and cholera 
E)  whooping cough and bubonic plague 
A)  whooping cough 
B)  cholera 
C)  bubonic plague 
D)  whooping cough and cholera 
E)  whooping cough and bubonic plague

Question 14

The binding of IP3 to the IP3 receptor results in the release of __________ from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

Question 15

What is a disadvantage of using common molecules for signaling paths?

Accepted Answer

When second messengers are involved in m

Question 16

The v and c in v-src and c-src refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  viral and cellular. 
B)  viral and cytosolic. 
C)  viral and cystic. 
D)  Vibrio and cholera. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  viral and cellular. 
B)  viral and cytosolic. 
C)  viral and cystic. 
D)  Vibrio and cholera. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 17

Which of the following amino acids can be phosphorylated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tyr, Ser, Thr 
B)  Tyr, Ser, Trp 
C)  Ser, Thr, Asn 
D)  His, Ser, Phe 
E)  Tyr, Met, Trp 
A)  Tyr, Ser, Thr 
B)  Tyr, Ser, Trp 
C)  Ser, Thr, Asn 
D)  His, Ser, Phe 
E)  Tyr, Met, Trp

Question 18

EGF signaling is terminated by the action of phosphatases and the hydrolysis of bound _____________ by Ras.

Accepted Answer

The answer of EGF signaling is terminated by the action...

Question 19

Which form of the guanyl nucleotide is bound to a G protein in its unactivated state?

Accepted Answer

A)  GTP 
B)  GDP 
C)  GMP 
D)  dGTP 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  GTP 
B)  GDP 
C)  GMP 
D)  dGTP 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

The ________ receptor is approximately 50% identical in amino acid sequence with the EGF receptor and has similar domain structure,but it does not bind any known ligand.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ receptor is approximately 50% identical...

Exam 14: Signal-Transduction Pathways

Common elements that occur in many signal transduction pathways include which of the following?

What is the general mechanism for signal transmission by 7TM receptors?

Which of the following is the inactive form of protein kinase A?

What is meant by an EF hand? Draw or describe the structure.

What family of proteins contains the Ras proteins?

Cross-phosphorylation of the EGF receptor is possible when two receptor proteins

How is the hormone-bound activated receptor reset after activation?

What is the primary messenger that is released by the adrenal gland?

Which of the following is a common example of a mechanism by which a signaling process might be terminated?

What eukaryotic protein serves as an intracellular Ca2+ sensor by binding to four calcium ions?

The catalytically active form of the insulin receptor is a result of phosphorylation of specific ____________ residues in the activation loop.

What enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of PIP2?

Which of the following is an example of a disease that is caused by altered G-protein activity?

The binding of IP3 to the IP3 receptor results in the release of __________ from the endoplasmic reticulum.

What is a disadvantage of using common molecules for signaling paths?

The v and c in v-src and c-src refer to

Which of the following amino acids can be phosphorylated?

EGF signaling is terminated by the action of phosphatases and the hydrolysis of bound _____________ by Ras.

Which form of the guanyl nucleotide is bound to a G protein in its unactivated state?

The ________ receptor is approximately 50% identical in amino acid sequence with the EGF receptor and has similar domain structure,but it does not bind any known ligand.

Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters

What eukaryotic protein serves as an intracellular Ca²⁺ sensor by binding to four calcium ions?

What enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of PIP₂?

The binding of IP₃ to the IP₃ receptor results in the release of __________ from the endoplasmic reticulum.