Question 1

Carbon dioxide forms carbamate groups in proteins by reaction with

Accepted Answer

A)  aspartate residues. 
B)  cysteine residues. 
C)  N-terminal amino groups. 
D)  tyrosine residues. 
E)  heme groups. 
A)  aspartate residues. 
B)  cysteine residues. 
C)  N-terminal amino groups. 
D)  tyrosine residues. 
E)  heme groups.

Question 2

Which of the following is correct concerning the differences between hemoglobin and myoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both hemoglobin and myoglobin are tetrameric proteins. 
B)  Hemoglobin exhibits a hyperbolic O2 saturation curve while myoglobin exhibits a sigmoid shaped curve. 
C)  Hemoglobin exhibits cooperative binding of O2 while myoglobin does not. 
D)  Hemoglobin exhibits a higher degree of O2 saturation at all physiologically relevant partial pressures of O2 than does myoglobin. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  Both hemoglobin and myoglobin are tetrameric proteins. 
B)  Hemoglobin exhibits a hyperbolic O2 saturation curve while myoglobin exhibits a sigmoid shaped curve. 
C)  Hemoglobin exhibits cooperative binding of O2 while myoglobin does not. 
D)  Hemoglobin exhibits a higher degree of O2 saturation at all physiologically relevant partial pressures of O2 than does myoglobin. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 3

The structure of normal adult hemoglobin can be described as a tetramer composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  four myoglobin molecules. 
B)  two αβ dimers. 
C)  two α2 and two β2 dimers. 
D)  two α2 and two γ2 dimers. 
E)  None of these accurately describe hemoglobin. 
A)  four myoglobin molecules. 
B)  two αβ dimers. 
C)  two α2 and two β2 dimers. 
D)  two α2 and two γ2 dimers. 
E)  None of these accurately describe hemoglobin.

Question 4

What is thalassemia?

Accepted Answer

Thalassemia is caused by the substantial

Question 5

What is fetal hemoglobin? How does it differ from adult hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Fetal hemoglobin contains two @#LAT-DLM& and two @#LAT-DLM&c

Question 6

What is the role of α-hemoglobin stabilizing protein?

Accepted Answer

Four genes express the α chain,and only

Question 7

Why is the HbS mutation so prevalent in Africa and other tropical regions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oxygen binds with greater affinity to the proximal histidine residue of HbS. 
B)  Bonding of carbon dioxide to HbS molecules increases the binding of oxygen. 
C)  Hemoglobin binds more oxygen with the reduction of the hemoglobin S chain. 
D)  Hemoglobin binds more oxygen with aggregations of α chains found in sickle-cell hemoglobin. 
E)  People with sickle-cell trait are resistant to malaria, increasing the prevalence of the HbS allele. 
A)  The oxygen binds with greater affinity to the proximal histidine residue of HbS. 
B)  Bonding of carbon dioxide to HbS molecules increases the binding of oxygen. 
C)  Hemoglobin binds more oxygen with the reduction of the hemoglobin S chain. 
D)  Hemoglobin binds more oxygen with aggregations of α chains found in sickle-cell hemoglobin. 
E)  People with sickle-cell trait are resistant to malaria, increasing the prevalence of the HbS allele.

Question 8

Briefly describe the cause of sickle-cell anemia.

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder

Question 9

2,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Accepted Answer

A)  binds in the central cavity in the T-form of hemoglobin. 
B)  preferentially binds to oxyhemoglobin and stabilizes it. 
C)  binds to positively charged groups on the $\beta$ subunits. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  binds in the central cavity in the T-form of hemoglobin and binds to positively charged groups on the $\beta$ subunits. 
A)  binds in the central cavity in the T-form of hemoglobin. 
B)  preferentially binds to oxyhemoglobin and stabilizes it. 
C)  binds to positively charged groups on the $\beta$ subunits. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  binds in the central cavity in the T-form of hemoglobin and binds to positively charged groups on the $\beta$ subunits.

Question 10

Which of the following describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lowering the pH results in the release of O2 from oxyhemoglobin. 
B)  Increasing the concentration of HCO3- results in the release of O2 from oxyhemoglobin. 
C)  Increasing the pH increases the prevalence of the T-form of hemoglobin. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  Lowering the pH and increasing the concentration of HCO3- results in the release of O2 from oxyhemoglobin . 
A)  Lowering the pH results in the release of O2 from oxyhemoglobin. 
B)  Increasing the concentration of HCO3- results in the release of O2 from oxyhemoglobin. 
C)  Increasing the pH increases the prevalence of the T-form of hemoglobin. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  Lowering the pH and increasing the concentration of HCO3- results in the release of O2 from oxyhemoglobin .

Question 11

2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate binds only to the __________________ form of hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate binds only to the __________________ form...

Question 12

Describe the concerted model to explain allosteric cooperative binding.

Accepted Answer

The protein exists in two conformations:

Question 13

What molecule stores oxygen in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  individual $\alpha$ subunits of hemoglobin 
B)  individual $\beta$ subunits of hemoglobin 
C)  myoglobin 
D)  metmyoglobin 
E)  carboxyhemoglobin 
A)  individual $\alpha$ subunits of hemoglobin 
B)  individual $\beta$ subunits of hemoglobin 
C)  myoglobin 
D)  metmyoglobin 
E)  carboxyhemoglobin

Question 14

The effect of pH on oxygen-binding of hemoglobin is referred to as the _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The effect of pH on oxygen-binding of...

Question 15

What condition results from a single point mutation of the hemoglobin $\beta$ chain,producing the HbS variant?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\alpha$-thalassemia 
B)  $\beta$-thalassemia 
C)  hemoglobin SC disease 
D)  hemolytic anemia 
E)  sickle-cell anemia 
A)  $\alpha$-thalassemia 
B)  $\beta$-thalassemia 
C)  hemoglobin SC disease 
D)  hemolytic anemia 
E)  sickle-cell anemia

Question 16

What factor(s)influence(s)the binding of oxygen to myoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  the concentration of bicarbonate ion, HCO3- 
B)  the partial pressure of oxygen, pO2 
C)  the concentration of hemoglobin present 
D)  the concentration of 2,3-BPG 
E)  both the partial pressure of oxygen, pO2and the concentration of 2,3-BPG 
A)  the concentration of bicarbonate ion, HCO3- 
B)  the partial pressure of oxygen, pO2 
C)  the concentration of hemoglobin present 
D)  the concentration of 2,3-BPG 
E)  both the partial pressure of oxygen, pO2and the concentration of 2,3-BPG

Question 17

As the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases,the affinity of oxygen binding to hemoglobin ______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As the partial pressure of carbon dioxide...

Question 18

What is the organic portion of the heme group in hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  protoporphyrinogen 
B)  protoporphyrin 
C)  uroporphyrinogen 
D)  coproporphyrinogen 
E)  protoheme 
A)  protoporphyrinogen 
B)  protoporphyrin 
C)  uroporphyrinogen 
D)  coproporphyrinogen 
E)  protoheme

Question 19

Describe how carbon dioxide affects the oxygenation of hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

Increased levels of carbon dioxide cause

Question 20

What is the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability of hemoglobin to retain oxygen when in competition with myoglobin 
B)  the regulation of hemoglobin-binding by hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide 
C)  the alteration of hemoglobin conformation during low oxygen stress 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  the ability of hemoglobin to retain oxygen when in competition with myoglobin 
B)  the regulation of hemoglobin-binding by hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide 
C)  the alteration of hemoglobin conformation during low oxygen stress 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Exam 7: Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Carbon dioxide forms carbamate groups in proteins by reaction with

Which of the following is correct concerning the differences between hemoglobin and myoglobin?

The structure of normal adult hemoglobin can be described as a tetramer composed of

What is thalassemia?

What is fetal hemoglobin? How does it differ from adult hemoglobin?

What is the role of α-hemoglobin stabilizing protein?

Why is the HbS mutation so prevalent in Africa and other tropical regions?

Briefly describe the cause of sickle-cell anemia.

2,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Which of the following describes the Bohr effect?

2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate binds only to the __________________ form of hemoglobin.

Describe the concerted model to explain allosteric cooperative binding.

What molecule stores oxygen in muscle cells?

The effect of pH on oxygen-binding of hemoglobin is referred to as the _____________.

What condition results from a single point mutation of the hemoglobin β\betaβ chain,producing the HbS variant?

What factor(s)influence(s)the binding of oxygen to myoglobin?

As the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases,the affinity of oxygen binding to hemoglobin ______________.

What is the organic portion of the heme group in hemoglobin?

Describe how carbon dioxide affects the oxygenation of hemoglobin.

What is the Bohr effect?

Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters

What condition results from a single point mutation of the hemoglobin $\beta$ chain,producing the HbS variant?