Exam 3: Gender and Families

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Social science research provides evidence that most children develop a gender identity during

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What cross-cultural evidence supports the thesis that male domination of females and the economic system of a country are independent of each other?

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There is no cross-cultural evidence that supports the thesis that male domination of females and the economic system of a country are independent of each other. In fact, numerous studies and research have shown that there is a strong correlation between male domination and the economic system of a country. In patriarchal societies, where men hold power and control over women, there is often a corresponding economic system that perpetuates and reinforces this inequality. This can be seen in the gender pay gap, lack of access to education and employment opportunities for women, and limited representation of women in leadership positions within the economic system. Additionally, research has shown that countries with higher levels of gender inequality also tend to have lower levels of economic development and growth. Therefore, it is clear that male domination of females and the economic system of a country are closely intertwined and not independent of each other.

The central mechanism of the socialization approach to explaining male/female differences is __________ while that of the interactionist approach is __________.

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Hormone influences of the mother on her fetus in the second trimester of pregnancy can fully determine children's behaviors.

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Societal gender differences can be influenced by the degree of power men have over women in a society.

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Which of the following is not a factor in gender socialization of children?

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Why might it be difficult in the United States to implement a policy of comparable responsibility within job classifications? That is, why don't we have a system in this country that more evenly distributes monetary rewards for jobs such as liquor store clerk (a relatively well-paid, mostly male position in many states) and elementary school teacher (a relatively underpaid, mostly female position in many states)?

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What criticisms have sociologists of gender received and why?

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An increase in the use of the word transgender is a major cause behind the transgender moment that is now happening in the United States.

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What does the concept of two-spirited people tell us about the two sexes?

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Matching the following
sex
the greater change in women's lives than in men's lives
socialization
social and cultural characteristics that distinguish men from women
cultural lag
theory that gender identification and behavior are based on children's learning that they will be rewarded for a set of behaviors considered appropriate for one sex but not for the other
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Responses:
sex
the greater change in women's lives than in men's lives
socialization
social and cultural characteristics that distinguish men from women
cultural lag
theory that gender identification and behavior are based on children's learning that they will be rewarded for a set of behaviors considered appropriate for one sex but not for the other
asymmetry of gender change
learning to take on behaviors and attitudes that are culturally appropriate
interactionist approach
in Native-American culture, a man who dressed and behaved like a woman
gender
based on the sociology of gender espoused by West and Zimmerman
socialization approach
biological characteristics that distinguish men and women
berdache
tendency for attitudes and values to change more slowly than the circumstances that underlie them
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Of the following which is "gendered"?

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How do unconscious influences play a role in gender socialization?

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The play of boys and girls, even those who are older (fifth grade and above), differs in that boys are more likely to play __________, while girls are more likely to play __________.

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Your textbook's author, Cherlin, presents a number of theoretical approaches to the study of gender differences: socialization, biosocial, and interactionist. Choose one of these and explain how, within this approach, gender is constructed. Give an example along with your answer.

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According to interactionist theory proponents, the innate predispositions that affect gender differences are stronger for boys than for girls.

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Why should one look at gender, race, and class in studying social stratification instead of just race and class?

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Discuss the difference between sex and gender. Why is it important to examine gender roles in the context of a certain society and period of time?

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Two-spirit-like gender categories have been documented in many Native American cultures.

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What brought about the growing movement centering around masculinity in the 1990s?

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