Exam 8: Experimental Design

When individuals participate in only one condition,it is a(n)_____ design.When individuals participate in all conditions,it is a _____ design.

Which of the following is a drawback of the matched pairs design?

_____ is a technique to control for order effects without having all possible orders.

If the two groups involved in an experiment are not equivalent,_____.

Reah,a developmental psychologist measures aggressive behavior in a group of second graders before and after viewing an aggressive cartoon.This design would best represent a(n)_____ design.

A researcher can claim that the independent variable caused the results only by:

Kalim wants to study the effectiveness of a new teaching method.He includes two teachers of a class in the experiment.One teacher uses the new method of teaching,and the other teacher uses the old method.At the end of the semester,he finds that students who were taught in the new way had higher grades than students taught in the old way.What is the confounding variable?

Michelle is interested in factors that influence the perceptions of others.She provides participants with photographs of female supermodels and asks them to rate the attractiveness of each woman.She then provides participants with photographs of women who are not models and asks the participants to rate the attractiveness of each woman.She finds that participants rate the women who are not models much lower.What effect may be responsible for the lower ratings of the women who are not models?

In order to observe the influence of environmental factors on alcohol consumption,Leila asks participants to come to her laboratory,fill out a questionnaire,and consume alcohol.She finds that over time,fewer and fewer participants show up to take part in the experiment.This decrease in the number of participants in the experiment is called _____.

Which of the following is likely to be the most important consideration for a repeated measures design using alcohol or drugs?

Which of the following statements is true about using repeated measure designs over independent group designs?

Dante would like to conduct a study in which participants taste five different brands of honey and decide which one they like best.To control for order effects,Dante should use _____.

At the end of a three-year study,Lene finds that 12 percent of her participants did not take part in the final survey because they moved away to another city.In research terms,Lene is experiencing issues related to _____.

In a _____ design,comparisons are made among the same group of participants.

Ahmed conducts a study to test the effectiveness of a drug.He surveys the clients twice-once at intake and then six months later.He finds that the drug was overall effective,but approximately 55 percent of the original sample stopped using the drug.Therefore,he does not have posttest data for them.In this case,what is likely to be an alternative explanation for the results obtained by Ahmed?

Mike wants to find out whether campers prefer cotton or nylon sleeping bags.He asks a group of girl campers to try both the nylon and cotton sleeping bags.The sleeping bags were rated for softness and warmth.What is the confounding variable in Mike's experiment?

A design that has two conditions with the same participants in each condition is a(n)_____ design.

Jeanne wants to know whether wearing sunglasses improves driving performance.If an independent groups design is used,the researcher would manipulate the variable by:

Which of the following statements is least likely to be true of Latin squares?

A _____ effect is associated with the deterioration of performance with the passage of time.