Exam 8: Reasons for Unreason

The perception of a relationship where none actually exists,or the perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists,is called

According to your text,people everywhere perceive mediators and media as

The cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory is called the _____ heuristic.

Provide examples of the availability heuristic.

found that randomly selected elementary school students experienced a spurt in IQ score largely as a result of

Describe how behavioral confirmation can take place in a classroom.

Expectations can often predict behavior because

After 9/11,many people abandoned air travel because of the

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment is called

The "Kulechov effect" (named after a Russian film director)is another illustration of

Thinking that our premonitions correlate with events represents

What is illusory thinking and what are its effects?

Although travelers in the United States are more likely to die in an automobile crash than on a commercial flight covering the same distance,people often assume that flying is more dangerous than driving.What type of heuristic are people using when they make this assumption?

Researchers investigated the reduction of littering in three classrooms.Which class still showed a reduction in littering two weeks after the study ended?

The idea that chance events are subject to our influence describes

found that among married couples,the self-fulfilling prophecy occurred when one person interpreted slight hurts as rejections.The person who felt rejected was then motivated to

Although you once earned a 100 on your physics exam,you have subsequently been unable to earn a perfect score again.Your experience may be understood in terms of

Research on gambling has found that throwing the dice or spinning the wheel increases people's confidence.This illustrates the

When our expectations lead us to act in ways that induce others to confirm those expectations,_______ is at work.

You attend a party where you do not know anyone,but expect that people will be friendly.You behave in a warm and sociable manner.Your behavior,in turn,leads to other people being friendly to you.This situation can best be described as