Question 1

The Older Dryas and Younger Dryas stages represented ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A) two cooling stages during warm-up from the last major glacial advance 
B) two of the more abrupt warming stages during the last glaciation 
C) one warming stage and one cooling stage during the last glaciation 
D) periods of dry climate 
A) two cooling stages during warm-up from the last major glacial advance 
B) two of the more abrupt warming stages during the last glaciation 
C) one warming stage and one cooling stage during the last glaciation 
D) periods of dry climate

Question 2

The 2003 European heat wave resulted in more than ___________ human deaths.

Accepted Answer

A) 350 
B) 3,500 
C) 13,500 
D) 35,000 
E) 135,000 
A) 350 
B) 3,500 
C) 13,500 
D) 35,000 
E) 135,000

Question 3

Which of the following greenhouse gases accounts for 60% of global warming?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 
B) Methane (CH4) 
C) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 
D) Ozone (O3) 
E) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) 
A) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 
B) Methane (CH4) 
C) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 
D) Ozone (O3) 
E) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's)

Question 4

Likely global climate changes in the 21st century include all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets 
B) melting of permafrost in Arctic regions 
C) melting of mountain glaciers 
D) 30 meter rise in sea level 
E) more frequent severe drought in the central United States 
A) melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets 
B) melting of permafrost in Arctic regions 
C) melting of mountain glaciers 
D) 30 meter rise in sea level 
E) more frequent severe drought in the central United States

Question 5

The atmosphere of Venus is thought to be greatly changed over more than 4 billion years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The level of oxygen in the form of O2 in the Earth's atmosphere ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) has not changed substantially in the past 450 million years 
B) is drastically decreasing due to pollution 
C) is no different than it was 4.6 billion years ago 
D) is drastically increasing due to growth of new bacterial strains 
E) cannot change because Earth is a closed system 
A) has not changed substantially in the past 450 million years 
B) is drastically decreasing due to pollution 
C) is no different than it was 4.6 billion years ago 
D) is drastically increasing due to growth of new bacterial strains 
E) cannot change because Earth is a closed system

Question 7

Biologic use of CO2 has lessened the greenhouse effect to yield the present congenial temperatures on Earth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The Earth is _________ during the Northern Hemisphere winter.

Accepted Answer

A) farthest from the Sun 
B) closest to the Sun 
C) the same distance from the Sun in the summer as 
A) farthest from the Sun 
B) closest to the Sun 
C) the same distance from the Sun in the summer as

Question 9

If CO2 were not present in the atmosphere,the average temperature at the Earth's surface would be about 0$\circ$F.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The CO2 from the early Earth's atmosphere is stored in physical form in several ways,but over 99 percent of that CO2 is now chemically tied up in clays.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A major release of methane hydrate,which is found just beneath the ocean floor,may have been the trigger for the final temperature increase near the end of the Late Paleocene Torrid Age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Observed effects of global warming in recent decades include all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) increasing abundance of warm-water species in the North Atlantic Ocean 
B) descending tree-line in mountainous regions of Europe and New Zealand 
C) earlier arrival of migrating birds in springtime 
D) lowland birds extending ranges to higher elevations 
E) All of the choices are observed effects of global warming 
A) increasing abundance of warm-water species in the North Atlantic Ocean 
B) descending tree-line in mountainous regions of Europe and New Zealand 
C) earlier arrival of migrating birds in springtime 
D) lowland birds extending ranges to higher elevations 
E) All of the choices are observed effects of global warming

Question 13

Shells constructed from seawater incorporate the O18/O16 ratio of seawater during their lifetime within their CaCO3 shell walls,providing a paleothermometer that is used to estimate the temperatures of ancient seas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Water has such a tremendous capacity to either absorb or release heat that it acts as a powerful control or buffer on global climate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A strong El Ni-o is characterized by __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) the arrival of warm ocean water to Peru and Ecuador near Christmastime 
B) high atmospheric pressure over the eastern Pacific Ocean resulting in trade winds that blow toward the equator from the north and south 
C) a southern jet stream branch that flows eastward bringing higher rainfall to the southeastern United States and helping break apart Atlantic and Caribbean storms resulting in fewer hurricanes 
D) heavy rainstorms in the western United States 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) the arrival of warm ocean water to Peru and Ecuador near Christmastime 
B) high atmospheric pressure over the eastern Pacific Ocean resulting in trade winds that blow toward the equator from the north and south 
C) a southern jet stream branch that flows eastward bringing higher rainfall to the southeastern United States and helping break apart Atlantic and Caribbean storms resulting in fewer hurricanes 
D) heavy rainstorms in the western United States 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 16

Our knowledge of the global advance-retreat history of glaciers has been leaping ahead from analyses of cores of sediments taken from the ocean floor and cores of ice removed from the Greenland ice cap.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The major factor in glacial periods lasting tens of millions of years appear to be changes in the sun's heat output,rather than changes in shapes,sizes,and orientations of the continents and oceans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The cycles of slow buildup and advance of glaciers followed by rapid shrinkage and retreat is caused by ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) eccentricity of the Earth's orbit around the Sun 
B) tilt of the Earth's axis 
C) precession of the equinoxes 
D) All of these are correct. 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) eccentricity of the Earth's orbit around the Sun 
B) tilt of the Earth's axis 
C) precession of the equinoxes 
D) All of these are correct. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 19

Methane has about a 24-times stronger capacity to trap heat as a greenhouse gas than does carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following greenhouse gases is the most efficient at trapping heat (i.e. ,has the highest global warming potential - GWP)?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 
B) Methane (CH4) 
C) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 
D) Ozone (O3) 
E) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) 
A) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 
B) Methane (CH4) 
C) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 
D) Ozone (O3) 
E) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's)

The Older Dryas and Younger Dryas stages represented ______________________.

The 2003 European heat wave resulted in more than ___________ human deaths.

Which of the following greenhouse gases accounts for 60% of global warming?

Likely global climate changes in the 21^st century include all but which of the following?

The atmosphere of Venus is thought to be greatly changed over more than 4 billion years.

The level of oxygen in the form of O₂ in the Earth's atmosphere ________________.

Biologic use of CO₂ has lessened the greenhouse effect to yield the present congenial temperatures on Earth.

The Earth is _________ during the Northern Hemisphere winter.

If CO₂ were not present in the atmosphere,the average temperature at the Earth's surface would be about 0^$\circ$F.

The CO₂ from the early Earth's atmosphere is stored in physical form in several ways,but over 99 percent of that CO₂ is now chemically tied up in clays.

A major release of methane hydrate,which is found just beneath the ocean floor,may have been the trigger for the final temperature increase near the end of the Late Paleocene Torrid Age.

Observed effects of global warming in recent decades include all but which of the following?

Shells constructed from seawater incorporate the O¹⁸/O¹⁶ ratio of seawater during their lifetime within their CaCO₃ shell walls,providing a paleothermometer that is used to estimate the temperatures of ancient seas.

Water has such a tremendous capacity to either absorb or release heat that it acts as a powerful control or buffer on global climate.

A strong El Ni-o is characterized by __________________.

Our knowledge of the global advance-retreat history of glaciers has been leaping ahead from analyses of cores of sediments taken from the ocean floor and cores of ice removed from the Greenland ice cap.

The major factor in glacial periods lasting tens of millions of years appear to be changes in the sun's heat output,rather than changes in shapes,sizes,and orientations of the continents and oceans.

The cycles of slow buildup and advance of glaciers followed by rapid shrinkage and retreat is caused by ____________________.

Methane has about a 24-times stronger capacity to trap heat as a greenhouse gas than does carbon dioxide.

Which of the following greenhouse gases is the most efficient at trapping heat (i.e. ,has the highest global warming potential - GWP)?

Natural Disasters and the Human Population

Internal Energy and Plate Tectonics

Earthquake Geology and Seismology

Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes

Earthquakes Throughout the United States and Canada

Volcanic Eruptions: Plate Tectonics and Magmas

Volcano Processes and Deadly Events

Tsunami Versus Wind-Caused Waves

External Energy Fuels Weather and Climate

Tornadoes, Lightning, Heat, and Cold

Hurricanes

Floods

Fire

Mass Movements

Coastal Processes and Hazards

Impacts With Space Objects

Filters

Exam 12: Climate Change

The Older Dryas and Younger Dryas stages represented ______________________.

The 2003 European heat wave resulted in more than ___________ human deaths.

Which of the following greenhouse gases accounts for 60% of global warming?

Likely global climate changes in the 21st century include all but which of the following?

The atmosphere of Venus is thought to be greatly changed over more than 4 billion years.

The level of oxygen in the form of O2 in the Earth's atmosphere ________________.

Biologic use of CO2 has lessened the greenhouse effect to yield the present congenial temperatures on Earth.

The Earth is _________ during the Northern Hemisphere winter.

If CO2 were not present in the atmosphere,the average temperature at the Earth's surface would be about 0 ∘\circ∘ F.

The CO2 from the early Earth's atmosphere is stored in physical form in several ways,but over 99 percent of that CO2 is now chemically tied up in clays.

A major release of methane hydrate,which is found just beneath the ocean floor,may have been the trigger for the final temperature increase near the end of the Late Paleocene Torrid Age.

Observed effects of global warming in recent decades include all but which of the following?

Shells constructed from seawater incorporate the O18/O16 ratio of seawater during their lifetime within their CaCO3 shell walls,providing a paleothermometer that is used to estimate the temperatures of ancient seas.

Water has such a tremendous capacity to either absorb or release heat that it acts as a powerful control or buffer on global climate.

A strong El Ni-o is characterized by __________________.

Our knowledge of the global advance-retreat history of glaciers has been leaping ahead from analyses of cores of sediments taken from the ocean floor and cores of ice removed from the Greenland ice cap.

The major factor in glacial periods lasting tens of millions of years appear to be changes in the sun's heat output,rather than changes in shapes,sizes,and orientations of the continents and oceans.

The cycles of slow buildup and advance of glaciers followed by rapid shrinkage and retreat is caused by ____________________.

Methane has about a 24-times stronger capacity to trap heat as a greenhouse gas than does carbon dioxide.

Which of the following greenhouse gases is the most efficient at trapping heat (i.e. ,has the highest global warming potential - GWP)?

Natural Disasters and the Human Population

Internal Energy and Plate Tectonics

Earthquake Geology and Seismology

Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes

Earthquakes Throughout the United States and Canada

Volcanic Eruptions: Plate Tectonics and Magmas

Volcano Processes and Deadly Events

Tsunami Versus Wind-Caused Waves

External Energy Fuels Weather and Climate

Tornadoes, Lightning, Heat, and Cold

Hurricanes

Floods

Fire

Mass Movements

Coastal Processes and Hazards

Impacts With Space Objects

Filters

Likely global climate changes in the 21^st century include all but which of the following?

The level of oxygen in the form of O₂ in the Earth's atmosphere ________________.

Biologic use of CO₂ has lessened the greenhouse effect to yield the present congenial temperatures on Earth.

If CO₂ were not present in the atmosphere,the average temperature at the Earth's surface would be about 0^$\circ$F.

The CO₂ from the early Earth's atmosphere is stored in physical form in several ways,but over 99 percent of that CO₂ is now chemically tied up in clays.

Shells constructed from seawater incorporate the O¹⁸/O¹⁶ ratio of seawater during their lifetime within their CaCO₃ shell walls,providing a paleothermometer that is used to estimate the temperatures of ancient seas.