Exam 3: Consumer Learning Starts Here: Perception

When a cat learns to run to the kitchen for food every time it hears the sound of the electric can opener,instrumental conditioning has occurred.

Which of the following reactions is most likely to occur when a stimulus does not share enough in common with existing categories to allow categorization?

Describe the processes of assimilation,accommodation,and contrast and explain whether you think assimilation,accommodation,or contrast will occur in each of the following situations: a.A consumer picks up an unfamiliar piece of fruit that looks like a tiny orange,but it is about the size of a walnut instead of the size of a typical orange. The skin appears to be the same as an orange and it smells like an orange. b.A consumer sees a vehicle like the car they drive. c.A consumer sees a vehicle with two people in it flying 18 inches above the ground.

Subliminal persuasion is behavior change induced or brought about based on selectively processing a message.

Which of the following terms is used by marketers to describe the idea that consumers are often bombarded with too much information in their daily lives?

A state implemented a much needed hike in gasoline prices,increasing it by $2.This was followed by a public outcry against the price rise.A year later,the state further increased gasoline prices by half a dollar.This time round,the public accepted it as essential even though there was a general murmur of dissatisfaction.Which of the following will best explain the reason for the public's acceptance?

The just meaningful difference (JMD)represents:

Daysha was watching a movie when she noticed branded products being shown conspicuously,such as the main character driving a BMW and drinking a bottle of Coke.Later,the character's Apple computer was delivered via UPS.Daysha figured that this was a marketing strategy that employs ______.

Choco Fond,a dessert place,introduced a new square-shaped ice-cream cone with a soft gooey texture instead of the usual crunchy cone.Choco Fond's customers never warmed up to the new product as they felt it was too different from the traditional cone and never gave them the feeling of having an ice-cream.Which of the following reactions is most likely to account for the customers' cognitive categorization of the new product?

Which of the following is true of the information processing perspective to learning?

Explain the consumer perception process.

Selective distortion is a process by which consumers interpret information in ways that are biased by their previously held beliefs.

Which of the following uses reinforcement to condition behavior?

Which of the following represents the stimuli that decrease the likelihood that a behavior will occur again?

Mark always avoids high-end brands as he considers them too expensive.However,in one of his shopping trips,he notices that a luxury cologne was being sold at a considerably reduced price.He buys two of these colognes even though he had to pay slightly more than what he usually does.Which of the following is most likely to have influenced Mark's buying behavior?

_____ refers to the personal relevance a consumer feels towards a particular product.

In instrumental conditioning,discriminative stimuli are stimuli that are differentiated from other stimuli because they signal the presence of a reinforcer.

The mere exposure effect can take place even when there is no recall of the previous stimulus.

Explain the difference between punishers and negative reinforcers in shaping behavior. Give an example of how each can be used in marketing.

WARNING LABELS SCENARIO Cigarette packages and advertisements have included warning labels for several years, but the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (Tobacco Control Act) signed into law in 2009 required that stronger and more graphic health warnings appear on cigarette packages by 2012. In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration proposed nine new textual warning statements that were much stronger than previous warning statements. The new warning statements included statements such as "Cigarettes are addictive," "Cigarettes cause cancer," and "Tobacco smoke may harm your children." These statements were to be accompanied by color graphics depicting the negative health effects of smoking. Some of the proposed graphics included a picture of diseased lungs, a man smoking with smoke coming out of a hole in his throat, rotted teeth and mouth cancer, a mother blowing smoke in her baby's face, and dead and dying people. The Tobacco Control Act dictated the placement of these statements and graphics on packages and advertisements, taking up at least 50 percent of the front of the package and at least 20 percent of the advertisement. Research reveals that the best way to quit is the reduce the intake of tobacco in small increments over time rather than an attempt to quit it altogether. -Refer to Warning Labels Scenario.In countries where graphic warning labels are already present,some smokers put their cigarette packs in a plastic holder that covers up the information on the package.These consumers' decision to hide the warning label is an example of _____.