Question 1

Cells that provide large amounts of mRNA and proteins for deposition into the egg are called

Accepted Answer

A) doctor cells. 
B) nurse cells. 
C) helper cells. 
D) bicoid cells. 
A) doctor cells. 
B) nurse cells. 
C) helper cells. 
D) bicoid cells. B

Question 2

Which of the following is a zygotic gap gene in Drosophila?

Accepted Answer

A) knirps (kni) 
B) even-skipped (eve) 
C) caudal (cad) 
D) hedgehog (hh) 
E) None of the choices is zygotic genes. 
A) knirps (kni) 
B) even-skipped (eve) 
C) caudal (cad) 
D) hedgehog (hh) 
E) None of the choices is zygotic genes. A

Question 3

Expression of homeotic genes

Accepted Answer

A) assign a unique identity to each segment. 
B) define anterior and psoterior ends of the fly. 
C) control the espression of the segment polarity genes. 
D) subdivide the embryo into a precise number of segments. 
A) assign a unique identity to each segment. 
B) define anterior and psoterior ends of the fly. 
C) control the espression of the segment polarity genes. 
D) subdivide the embryo into a precise number of segments. A

Question 4

Which of the following model organisms would be easiest to study recessive mutations using complementation analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) S.cerevisiae 
B) M.musculus 
C) elegans 
A) S.cerevisiae 
B) M.musculus 
C) elegans

Question 5

An unusual loss-of-function mutation that is not recessive is

Accepted Answer

A) null. 
B) hypomorphic. 
C) conditional. 
D) dominant-negative. 
A) null. 
B) hypomorphic. 
C) conditional. 
D) dominant-negative.

Question 6

How are temperature sensitive mutants used to determine when genes act during development?

Accepted Answer

A) Embryos can be shifted to the non-permissive temperature to inactivate the mutant gene and the effect of inactivation on subsequent stages observed. 
B) Embryos can be shifted to the permissive temperature to inactivate the mutant gene and the effect of inactivation on subsequent stages observed. 
C) Adults can be shifted to the non-permissive temperature to inactivate the mutant gene and the effect of inactivation on fertilization can be observed. 
D) Embryos can be shifted to the permissive temperature to activate the mutant gene and the effect of activation on subsequent stages observed. 
A) Embryos can be shifted to the non-permissive temperature to inactivate the mutant gene and the effect of inactivation on subsequent stages observed. 
B) Embryos can be shifted to the permissive temperature to inactivate the mutant gene and the effect of inactivation on subsequent stages observed. 
C) Adults can be shifted to the non-permissive temperature to inactivate the mutant gene and the effect of inactivation on fertilization can be observed. 
D) Embryos can be shifted to the permissive temperature to activate the mutant gene and the effect of activation on subsequent stages observed.

Question 7

Which of the following is not eithically prohibited for the use of humans in genetics studies?

Accepted Answer

A) phenotypic analysis 
B) experimental manipulation of affected individuals 
C) forced matings 
D) deliberate production of mutants 
A) phenotypic analysis 
B) experimental manipulation of affected individuals 
C) forced matings 
D) deliberate production of mutants

Question 8

Results from RNAi studies are most likely to vary due to

Accepted Answer

A) variation in the amount of RNAi expressing plasmids transfected into cells. 
B) its nonheritable characteristic. 
C) different levels of starting mRNA. 
D) issues related to fertilization. 
A) variation in the amount of RNAi expressing plasmids transfected into cells. 
B) its nonheritable characteristic. 
C) different levels of starting mRNA. 
D) issues related to fertilization.

Question 9

How do genetic mosaics help determine the focus of action of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A) Mosaics ae composed of cells with different genotypes so some genes may be active in some cells and not others. 
B) Mosaics are created by mating flies are homozygous recessive for two different genes and the effects of the double miutations on the morphololgy of the progeny are studied. 
C) Mosaics are created by mating two flies that carry homozygous gain-of-function muttions in different genes and the effects of the mutations on the morphology studied. 
D) Mosaics are created by the Cre-loc system which allows for the deletion of specific genes at controlled stages of development. 
A) Mosaics ae composed of cells with different genotypes so some genes may be active in some cells and not others. 
B) Mosaics are created by mating flies are homozygous recessive for two different genes and the effects of the double miutations on the morphololgy of the progeny are studied. 
C) Mosaics are created by mating two flies that carry homozygous gain-of-function muttions in different genes and the effects of the mutations on the morphology studied. 
D) Mosaics are created by the Cre-loc system which allows for the deletion of specific genes at controlled stages of development.

Question 10

Gain-of-function alleles are usually

Accepted Answer

A) null. 
B) conditional. 
C) recessive. 
D) dominant. 
A) null. 
B) conditional. 
C) recessive. 
D) dominant.

Question 11

How would you best follow the developmental timing of a given protein in vivo?

Accepted Answer

A) in situ hybridization 
B) Western blotting 
C) using a GFP-fusion protein transgenic organism 
D) microarray analysis 
A) in situ hybridization 
B) Western blotting 
C) using a GFP-fusion protein transgenic organism 
D) microarray analysis

Question 12

Mutations that result in a new phenotype for a gene through the production of too much protein are best described by the term

Accepted Answer

A) conditional. 
B) permissive. 
C) hypomorphic. 
D) gain of function. 
A) conditional. 
B) permissive. 
C) hypomorphic. 
D) gain of function.

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the three characteristics of value to geneticists for model organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) ease of cultivation 
B) rapid reproduction 
C) small size 
D) small genome 
A) ease of cultivation 
B) rapid reproduction 
C) small size 
D) small genome

Question 14

A loss-of-function mutation that depends on special circumstances is called

Accepted Answer

A) null. 
B) hypomorphic. 
C) conditional. 
D) dominant-negative. 
A) null. 
B) hypomorphic. 
C) conditional. 
D) dominant-negative.

Question 15

How can epistatic interactions be used to order genes in a pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) Organisms that are homozygous recessive for two different genes will have the phenotype of an organism that is homozygous recessive for the gene that is first in the pathway. 
B) Organisms that are homozygous recessive for two different genes will have the phenotype of an organism that is homozygous recessive for the gene that is last in the pathway. 
C) Organisms that are homozygous dominant for two different genes will have the phenotype of an organism that is homozygous dominant for the gene that is first in the pathway. 
D) Organisms that are heterozygous for two different genes will have the phenotype of an organism that is homozygous recessive for the gene that is first in the pathway. 
A) Organisms that are homozygous recessive for two different genes will have the phenotype of an organism that is homozygous recessive for the gene that is first in the pathway. 
B) Organisms that are homozygous recessive for two different genes will have the phenotype of an organism that is homozygous recessive for the gene that is last in the pathway. 
C) Organisms that are homozygous dominant for two different genes will have the phenotype of an organism that is homozygous dominant for the gene that is first in the pathway. 
D) Organisms that are heterozygous for two different genes will have the phenotype of an organism that is homozygous recessive for the gene that is first in the pathway.

Question 16

An example of ectopic gene expression is

Accepted Answer

A) achondroplastic dwarfism. 
B) lack of eye development. 
C) abnormal vulvar shape. 
D) legs instead of antennae. 
A) achondroplastic dwarfism. 
B) lack of eye development. 
C) abnormal vulvar shape. 
D) legs instead of antennae.

Question 17

A molecule whose concentration determines the developmental fate of a cell is called

Accepted Answer

A) monomorphic. 
B) a juxtacrine protein. 
C) a signaling molecule. 
D) a morphogen. 
A) monomorphic. 
B) a juxtacrine protein. 
C) a signaling molecule. 
D) a morphogen.

Question 18

Signaling factors that complete cell-to-cell communication in the form of direct contact are called

Accepted Answer

A) juxtacrine factors. 
B) paracrine factors. 
C) endocrine factors. 
D) autocrine factors. 
A) juxtacrine factors. 
B) paracrine factors. 
C) endocrine factors. 
D) autocrine factors.

Question 19

The expression of a gene at an abnormal place or time is called

Accepted Answer

A) epistasis. 
B) ectopic. 
C) epigenetic. 
D) expressivity. 
A) epistasis. 
B) ectopic. 
C) epigenetic. 
D) expressivity.

Question 20

RNAi

Accepted Answer

A) depletes protein products of genes. 
B) uses dsRNA to bind to transcription factors. 
C) is used to create a functional knock-in mutants. 
D) is not useful for the study of development. 
A) depletes protein products of genes. 
B) uses dsRNA to bind to transcription factors. 
C) is used to create a functional knock-in mutants. 
D) is not useful for the study of development.

Exam 18: The Genetic Analysis of Development

Cells that provide large amounts of mRNA and proteins for deposition into the egg are called

Which of the following is a zygotic gap gene in Drosophila?

Expression of homeotic genes

Which of the following model organisms would be easiest to study recessive mutations using complementation analysis?

An unusual loss-of-function mutation that is not recessive is

How are temperature sensitive mutants used to determine when genes act during development?

Which of the following is not eithically prohibited for the use of humans in genetics studies?

Results from RNAi studies are most likely to vary due to

How do genetic mosaics help determine the focus of action of a gene?

Gain-of-function alleles are usually

How would you best follow the developmental timing of a given protein in vivo?

Mutations that result in a new phenotype for a gene through the production of too much protein are best described by the term

Which of the following is not one of the three characteristics of value to geneticists for model organisms?

A loss-of-function mutation that depends on special circumstances is called

How can epistatic interactions be used to order genes in a pathway?

An example of ectopic gene expression is

A molecule whose concentration determines the developmental fate of a cell is called

Signaling factors that complete cell-to-cell communication in the form of direct contact are called

The expression of a gene at an abnormal place or time is called

RNAi

Genetics: The Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: The Flow of Information From DNA to RNA to Protein

Digital Analysis of Genomes

Analyzing Genomic Information

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

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