Question 1

Caffeine produces excitatory effects via

Accepted Answer

A)  induction of the release of dopamine. 
B)  alteration of the flow of blood to the brain. 
C)  stimulation of GABA receptors. 
D)  activation of adenosine receptors. 
E)  blockade of adenosine receptors. 
A)  induction of the release of dopamine. 
B)  alteration of the flow of blood to the brain. 
C)  stimulation of GABA receptors. 
D)  activation of adenosine receptors. 
E)  blockade of adenosine receptors.

Question 2

Direct agonist is to direct antagonist as

Accepted Answer

A)  glycine is to rimonabant. 
B)  morphine is to heroin. 
C)  reserpine is to amphetamine. 
D)  MAO is to dopamine. 
E)  endogenous opioid is to naloxone. 
A)  glycine is to rimonabant. 
B)  morphine is to heroin. 
C)  reserpine is to amphetamine. 
D)  MAO is to dopamine. 
E)  endogenous opioid is to naloxone.

Question 3

Compare and contrast functions and locations of the two types of acetylcholine receptors.

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptors are ionotropic and a

Question 4

Drugs that facilitate postsynaptic receptor effects are termed

Accepted Answer

A)  agonists. 
B)  ligands. 
C)  synergists. 
D)  antagonists. 
E)  pheromones. 
A)  agonists. 
B)  ligands. 
C)  synergists. 
D)  antagonists. 
E)  pheromones.

Question 5

Explain what is meant by a therapeutic index (TI).

Accepted Answer

The TI represents the difference in dose

Question 6

Which of the pairs below are synonymous?

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine and adrenalin 
B)  nicotine and muscarine 
C)  noradrenalin and muscarine 
D)  serotonin and dopamine 
E)  glycine and GABA 
A)  epinephrine and adrenalin 
B)  nicotine and muscarine 
C)  noradrenalin and muscarine 
D)  serotonin and dopamine 
E)  glycine and GABA

Question 7

Which pair of transmitter substances is most involved in synaptic neurotransmission in brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate; acetylcholine 
B)  GABA; glycine 
C)  glutamate; GABA 
D)  glycine; acetylcholine 
E)  acetylcholine; dopamine 
A)  glutamate; acetylcholine 
B)  GABA; glycine 
C)  glutamate; GABA 
D)  glycine; acetylcholine 
E)  acetylcholine; dopamine

Question 8

The effective dose 50 (ED50)value for Drug A is 2.0 mg/kg while its lethal dose 50 (LD50)value is 8 mg/kg.Which of the following is true of Drug A?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drug A is ineffective for its intended purpose. 
B)  Drug A has a therapeutic index of 4.0. 
C)  Drug A is safe for use in humans. 
D)  The therapeutic index of Drug A is 0.25. 
E)  The therapeutic index of Drug A is 25. 
A)  Drug A is ineffective for its intended purpose. 
B)  Drug A has a therapeutic index of 4.0. 
C)  Drug A is safe for use in humans. 
D)  The therapeutic index of Drug A is 0.25. 
E)  The therapeutic index of Drug A is 25.

Question 9

The primary means by which the postsynaptic action of acetylcholine is terminated is via

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymatic destruction by acetylcholinesterase. 
B)  reuptake of acetylcholine into the presynaptic terminal. 
C)  reuptake of choline into the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  diffusion away from the synapse. 
E)  reduced synthesis of choline. 
A)  enzymatic destruction by acetylcholinesterase. 
B)  reuptake of acetylcholine into the presynaptic terminal. 
C)  reuptake of choline into the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  diffusion away from the synapse. 
E)  reduced synthesis of choline.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of GABA?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA has a general excitatory effect. 
B)  GABA is involved in Parkinson's disease. 
C)  An excess of GABA may result in epilepsy. 
D)  The inhibitory effects of GABA act stabilize brain electrical activity. 
E)  Loss of GABA function will reduce anxiety. 
A)  GABA has a general excitatory effect. 
B)  GABA is involved in Parkinson's disease. 
C)  An excess of GABA may result in epilepsy. 
D)  The inhibitory effects of GABA act stabilize brain electrical activity. 
E)  Loss of GABA function will reduce anxiety.

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter acts to promote vigilance?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  acetylcholine 
D)  serotonin 
E)  GABA 
A)  dopamine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  acetylcholine 
D)  serotonin 
E)  GABA

Question 12

Nicotine receptors are found in ________ in the periphery and in ________ in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac fibers; glial cells 
B)  muscle fibers; axoaxonic synapses 
C)  the pupils; axoaxonic synapses 
D)  cardiac fibers; axo-dendritic synapses 
E)  the lungs; axo-dendritic synapses 
A)  cardiac fibers; glial cells 
B)  muscle fibers; axoaxonic synapses 
C)  the pupils; axoaxonic synapses 
D)  cardiac fibers; axo-dendritic synapses 
E)  the lungs; axo-dendritic synapses

Question 13

________ causes pupil dilation by blocking ________ receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cocaine; dopaminergic 
B)  Atropine; muscarinic 
C)  Curare; muscarinic 
D)  Belladona; adrenergic 
E)  Muscarine; nicotinic 
A)  Cocaine; dopaminergic 
B)  Atropine; muscarinic 
C)  Curare; muscarinic 
D)  Belladona; adrenergic 
E)  Muscarine; nicotinic

Question 14

Physicians must use caution when prescribing a drug that has a large therapeutic index.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is characteristic of cannabinoid receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receptor inactivation results in analgesia. 
B)  THC is a drug that inactivates the cannabinoid receptors. 
C)  Receptor activation by THC can stimulate appetite. 
D)  Receptor activation by THC reduces nausea and vomiting. 
E)  CB1 receptors are found in high levels in the brainstem. 
A)  Receptor inactivation results in analgesia. 
B)  THC is a drug that inactivates the cannabinoid receptors. 
C)  Receptor activation by THC can stimulate appetite. 
D)  Receptor activation by THC reduces nausea and vomiting. 
E)  CB1 receptors are found in high levels in the brainstem.

Question 16

Botox injections smooth the skin of the face by

Accepted Answer

A)  causing the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. 
B)  activating the parasympathetic nervous system, thereby inducing relaxation. 
C)  dissolving fatty deposits in the skin. 
D)  causing increased blood flow to the facial muscles. 
E)  blocking the activity of muscles in the face. 
A)  causing the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. 
B)  activating the parasympathetic nervous system, thereby inducing relaxation. 
C)  dissolving fatty deposits in the skin. 
D)  causing increased blood flow to the facial muscles. 
E)  blocking the activity of muscles in the face.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of ACh?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ach is a key transmitter for the control of feeding. 
B)  The effects of ACh in the brain are mostly inhibitory. 
C)  Elements of REM sleep are controlled by ACh in the medulla. 
D)  Learning is facilitated by ACh activity in the basal forebrain. 
E)  Ach controls mood and emotion. 
A)  Ach is a key transmitter for the control of feeding. 
B)  The effects of ACh in the brain are mostly inhibitory. 
C)  Elements of REM sleep are controlled by ACh in the medulla. 
D)  Learning is facilitated by ACh activity in the basal forebrain. 
E)  Ach controls mood and emotion.

Question 18

The ________ is a measure of the safety of a drug.

Accepted Answer

A)  lethality score 
B)  dose-response curve 
C)  therapeutic index 
D)  pharmacokinetic profile 
E)  psychodynamic profile 
A)  lethality score 
B)  dose-response curve 
C)  therapeutic index 
D)  pharmacokinetic profile 
E)  psychodynamic profile

Question 19

A key stimulus for the release of adenosine from brain cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  low blood insulin levels. 
B)  high levels of triglycerides and glucose in plasma. 
C)  an energy/oxygen deficit in cells. 
D)  consumption of caffeine. 
E)  high levels of insulin. 
A)  low blood insulin levels. 
B)  high levels of triglycerides and glucose in plasma. 
C)  an energy/oxygen deficit in cells. 
D)  consumption of caffeine. 
E)  high levels of insulin.

Question 20

Damage to which cholinergic system would be expected to impair learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  dorsolateral pons ACh system 
B)  hypothalamocortical ACh system 
C)  basal forebrain ACh system 
D)  medial septal ACh system 
E)  corticospinal ACh system 
A)  dorsolateral pons ACh system 
B)  hypothalamocortical ACh system 
C)  basal forebrain ACh system 
D)  medial septal ACh system 
E)  corticospinal ACh system

Caffeine produces excitatory effects via

Direct agonist is to direct antagonist as

Compare and contrast functions and locations of the two types of acetylcholine receptors.

Drugs that facilitate postsynaptic receptor effects are termed

Explain what is meant by a therapeutic index (TI).

Which of the pairs below are synonymous?

Which pair of transmitter substances is most involved in synaptic neurotransmission in brain?

The effective dose 50 (ED50)value for Drug A is 2.0 mg/kg while its lethal dose 50 (LD50)value is 8 mg/kg.Which of the following is true of Drug A?

The primary means by which the postsynaptic action of acetylcholine is terminated is via

Which of the following is true of GABA?

Which neurotransmitter acts to promote vigilance?

Nicotine receptors are found in in the periphery and in in the brain.

causes pupil dilation by blocking receptors.

Physicians must use caution when prescribing a drug that has a large therapeutic index.

Which of the following is characteristic of cannabinoid receptors?

Botox injections smooth the skin of the face by

Which of the following is true of ACh?

The ________ is a measure of the safety of a drug.

A key stimulus for the release of adenosine from brain cells is

Damage to which cholinergic system would be expected to impair learning?

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders

Filters

Exam 4: Psychopharmacology

Caffeine produces excitatory effects via

Direct agonist is to direct antagonist as

Compare and contrast functions and locations of the two types of acetylcholine receptors.

Drugs that facilitate postsynaptic receptor effects are termed

Explain what is meant by a therapeutic index (TI).

Which of the pairs below are synonymous?

Which pair of transmitter substances is most involved in synaptic neurotransmission in brain?

The effective dose 50 (ED50)value for Drug A is 2.0 mg/kg while its lethal dose 50 (LD50)value is 8 mg/kg.Which of the following is true of Drug A?

The primary means by which the postsynaptic action of acetylcholine is terminated is via

Which of the following is true of GABA?

Which neurotransmitter acts to promote vigilance?

Nicotine receptors are found in ________ in the periphery and in ________ in the brain.

________ causes pupil dilation by blocking ________ receptors.

Physicians must use caution when prescribing a drug that has a large therapeutic index.

Which of the following is characteristic of cannabinoid receptors?

Botox injections smooth the skin of the face by

Which of the following is true of ACh?

The ________ is a measure of the safety of a drug.

A key stimulus for the release of adenosine from brain cells is

Damage to which cholinergic system would be expected to impair learning?

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders

Filters

Nicotine receptors are found in in the periphery and in in the brain.

causes pupil dilation by blocking receptors.