Question 1

A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus,producing fluorine-18 and another particle X.What is the other particle X?

Accepted Answer

A) neutron 
B) positron 
C) alpha particle 
D) electron 
E) gamma ray 
A) neutron 
B) positron 
C) alpha particle 
D) electron 
E) gamma ray

Question 2

Neodymium  
Nd is an isotope that undergoes alpha decay.What isotope is the product of this decay?

Accepted Answer

A)    Ba 
B)    Ce 
C)    Pr 
D)    Sm 
E)    Gd 
A)    Ba 
B)    Ce 
C)    Pr 
D)    Sm 
E)    Gd

Question 3

If a nuclear fission reactor produces an average power of 1.0 GW over the course of a year,what mass of 235U is used up for a 365-day year if 200 MeV are released per fission reaction? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J,mneutron ≈ mproton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

Accepted Answer

A) 0.35 kg 
B) 1.75 kg 
C) 390 kg 
D) 1.1 × 108 kg 
E) 3.3 × 108 kg 
A) 0.35 kg 
B) 1.75 kg 
C) 390 kg 
D) 1.1 × 108 kg 
E) 3.3 × 108 kg

Question 4

A β- particle is also known as

Accepted Answer

A) an electron. 
B) a positron. 
C) a helium nucleus. 
D) a high-energy photon. 
A) an electron. 
B) a positron. 
C) a helium nucleus. 
D) a high-energy photon.

Question 5

When a β- particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus,the atomic mass number of the nucleus

Accepted Answer

A) increases by 1. 
B) decreases by 1. 
C) increases by 2. 
D) does not change. 
A) increases by 1. 
B) decreases by 1. 
C) increases by 2. 
D) does not change.

Question 6

In positron decay,the number of protons in the nucleus is

Accepted Answer

A) decreased by 1. 
B) decreased by 2. 
C) increased by 1. 
D) increased by 2. 
E) remains unchanged. 
A) decreased by 1. 
B) decreased by 2. 
C) increased by 1. 
D) increased by 2. 
E) remains unchanged.

Question 7

In the nuclear reaction  ,what is X?

Accepted Answer

A) proton 
B) neutron 
C) (2H) 
D) (3H) 
E) alpha particle 
A) proton 
B) neutron 
C) (2H) 
D) (3H) 
E) alpha particle

Question 8

The chief hazard of radiation damage to living cells is

Accepted Answer

A) due to heating. 
B) due to ionization. 
C) due to the creation of chemical impurities. 
D) the creation of new isotopes within the body. 
E) the creation of radioactive material within the body. 
A) due to heating. 
B) due to ionization. 
C) due to the creation of chemical impurities. 
D) the creation of new isotopes within the body. 
E) the creation of radioactive material within the body.

Question 9

Inside the nucleus,the strongest of the four fundamental forces is

Accepted Answer

A) the weak nuclear force. 
B) the electromagnetic force. 
C) the gravitational force. 
D) the strong nuclear force. 
A) the weak nuclear force. 
B) the electromagnetic force. 
C) the gravitational force. 
D) the strong nuclear force.

Question 10

When a β+ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus,the atomic number of the nucleus

Accepted Answer

A) increases by 1. 
B) decreases by 1. 
C) increases by 2. 
D) decreases by 2. 
E) does not change. 
A) increases by 1. 
B) decreases by 1. 
C) increases by 2. 
D) decreases by 2. 
E) does not change.

Question 11

Atomic nuclei that are all isotopes of an element all have the same

Accepted Answer

A) number of nucleons. 
B) mass. 
C) number of protons. 
D) number of neutrons. 
A) number of nucleons. 
B) mass. 
C) number of protons. 
D) number of neutrons.

Question 12

The neutron is made up of which one of the following quark combinations (up,down,strange,charm,top,bottom)?

Accepted Answer

A) uud 
B) ddu 
C) udd 
D) ttb 
E) bst 
A) uud 
B) ddu 
C) udd 
D) ttb 
E) bst

Question 13

The main reason that there is a limit to the size of a stable nucleus is

Accepted Answer

A) the limited range of the gravitational force. 
B) the short range nature of the strong nuclear force. 
C) the weakness of the gravitational force. 
D) the weakness of the electrostatic force. 
A) the limited range of the gravitational force. 
B) the short range nature of the strong nuclear force. 
C) the weakness of the gravitational force. 
D) the weakness of the electrostatic force.

Question 14

The proton is made up of which one of the following quark combinations (up,down,strange,charm,top,bottom)?

Accepted Answer

A) uud 
B) ddu 
C) udd 
D) ttb 
E) bst 
A) uud 
B) ddu 
C) udd 
D) ttb 
E) bst

Question 15

The atomic mass unit is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the mass of a proton. 
B) the mass of an electron. 
C) the mass of a hydrogen-1 atom. 
D) one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. 
E) the mass of a carbon-12 nucleus. 
A) the mass of a proton. 
B) the mass of an electron. 
C) the mass of a hydrogen-1 atom. 
D) one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. 
E) the mass of a carbon-12 nucleus.

Question 16

In a  
Nb nucleus,how many protons,neutrons,and electrons are found there?

Accepted Answer

A) 41,52,93 
B) 41,52,41 
C) 52,41,41 
D) 41,52,0 
E) 93,41,93 
A) 41,52,93 
B) 41,52,41 
C) 52,41,41 
D) 41,52,0 
E) 93,41,93

Question 17

What happens to the half-life of a radioactive substance as we increase its temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) It does not change. 
B) It increases. 
C) It decreases at a constant rate. 
D) It decreases at an exponential rate. 
A) It does not change. 
B) It increases. 
C) It decreases at a constant rate. 
D) It decreases at an exponential rate.

Question 18

A carbon-14 nucleus decays to a nitrogen-14 nucleus by beta-minus decay.How much energy (in MeV)is released if carbon-14 has a mass of 14.003242 u and nitrogen-14 has a mass of 14.003074 u? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A) 0.0156 MeV 
B) 0.156 MeV 
C) 1.56 MeV 
D) 15.6 MeV 
A) 0.0156 MeV 
B) 0.156 MeV 
C) 1.56 MeV 
D) 15.6 MeV

Question 19

Consider the nuclear reaction    The known atomic masses are 
 
What is the energy released (positive)or absorbed (negative)in this nuclear reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A) 0.0122 MeV 
B) -0.0122 MeV 
C) 11.3 MeV 
D) -11.3 MeV 
A) 0.0122 MeV 
B) -0.0122 MeV 
C) 11.3 MeV 
D) -11.3 MeV

Question 20

If the half-life of a material is 45 years,how much of it will be left after 100 years?

Accepted Answer

A) more than 1/2 
B) less than 1/2 but more than 1/4 
C) more than 1/4 but less than 1/2 
D) less than 1/4 but more than 1/8 
E) less than 1/8 
A) more than 1/2 
B) less than 1/2 but more than 1/4 
C) more than 1/4 but less than 1/2 
D) less than 1/4 but more than 1/8 
E) less than 1/8

Exam 32: Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Radiation

A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus,producing fluorine-18 and another particle X.What is the other particle X?

Neodymium Nd is an isotope that undergoes alpha decay.What isotope is the product of this decay?

If a nuclear fission reactor produces an average power of 1.0 GW over the course of a year,what mass of 235U is used up for a 365-day year if 200 MeV are released per fission reaction? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J,mneutron ≈ mproton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

A β- particle is also known as

When a β- particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus,the atomic mass number of the nucleus

In positron decay,the number of protons in the nucleus is

In the nuclear reaction ,what is X?

The chief hazard of radiation damage to living cells is

Inside the nucleus,the strongest of the four fundamental forces is

When a β+ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus,the atomic number of the nucleus

Atomic nuclei that are all isotopes of an element all have the same

The neutron is made up of which one of the following quark combinations (up,down,strange,charm,top,bottom)?

The main reason that there is a limit to the size of a stable nucleus is

The proton is made up of which one of the following quark combinations (up,down,strange,charm,top,bottom)?

The atomic mass unit is defined as

In a Nb nucleus,how many protons,neutrons,and electrons are found there?

What happens to the half-life of a radioactive substance as we increase its temperature?

A carbon-14 nucleus decays to a nitrogen-14 nucleus by beta-minus decay.How much energy (in MeV)is released if carbon-14 has a mass of 14.003242 u and nitrogen-14 has a mass of 14.003074 u? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Consider the nuclear reaction The known atomic masses are What is the energy released (positive)or absorbed (negative)in this nuclear reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

If the half-life of a material is 45 years,how much of it will be left after 100 years?

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If a nuclear fission reactor produces an average power of 1.0 GW over the course of a year,what mass of ²³⁵U is used up for a 365-day year if 200 MeV are released per fission reaction? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10^-19 J,m_neutron ≈ m_proton = 1.67 × 10-27 kg)

A β^- particle is also known as

When a β^- particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus,the atomic mass number of the nucleus

When a β⁺ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus,the atomic number of the nucleus

A carbon-14 nucleus decays to a nitrogen-14 nucleus by beta-minus decay.How much energy (in MeV)is released if carbon-14 has a mass of 14.003242 u and nitrogen-14 has a mass of 14.003074 u? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²)

Consider the nuclear reaction The known atomic masses are What is the energy released (positive)or absorbed (negative)in this nuclear reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²)