Question 1

The number of radioactive nuclei in a particular sample decreases to one-eighth of its original number in 9 days.What is the half-life of these nuclei?

Accepted Answer

A) 9/8 days 
B) 2 days 
C) 3 days 
D) 8 days 
E) 10 days 
A) 9/8 days 
B) 2 days 
C) 3 days 
D) 8 days 
E) 10 days

Question 2

An electron and a positron,both essentially at rest,annihilate each other,emitting two identical photons in the process.What is the wavelength of these photons? The mass of an electron or positron is 9.11 × 10-31 kg.(h = 6.626 × 10-34 J ∙ s,c = 3.00 × 108 m/s)

Accepted Answer

A) 1.21 × 10-12 pm 
B) 1.73 pm 
C) 2.42 pm 
D) 3.07 pm 
E) 3.46 pm 
A) 1.21 × 10-12 pm 
B) 1.73 pm 
C) 2.42 pm 
D) 3.07 pm 
E) 3.46 pm

Question 3

The isotope  
U is radioactive and decays in a series to  
Th.In this series,the particles ejected from the nucleus are

Accepted Answer

A) one alpha particle and three beta-minus particles. 
B) three alpha particles and one beta-minus particle. 
C) one alpha particle and four beta-minus particles. 
D) four alpha particle and one beta-minus particle. 
E) two alpha particles and two beta-minus particles. 
A) one alpha particle and three beta-minus particles. 
B) three alpha particles and one beta-minus particle. 
C) one alpha particle and four beta-minus particles. 
D) four alpha particle and one beta-minus particle. 
E) two alpha particles and two beta-minus particles.

Question 4

The neutral helium atom,  
He,has a mass of 4.002603 u,a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 u,a proton has a mass of 1.007277 u,and a neutral hydrogen atom has a mass of 1.007825 u.What is the binding energy of the  
He nucleus? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A) 20.5 MeV 
B) 22.4 MeV 
C) 27.3 MeV 
D) 28.3 MeV 
E) 23.4 MeV 
A) 20.5 MeV 
B) 22.4 MeV 
C) 27.3 MeV 
D) 28.3 MeV 
E) 23.4 MeV

Question 5

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of what particles in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) protons 
B) neutrons 
C) nucleons 
D) electrons 
E) positrons 
A) protons 
B) neutrons 
C) nucleons 
D) electrons 
E) positrons

Question 6

In the nuclear reaction  ,what is X?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 protons 
B) 2 neutrons 
C) (2H) 
D) (3H) 
E) alpha particle 
A) 2 protons 
B) 2 neutrons 
C) (2H) 
D) (3H) 
E) alpha particle

Question 7

Consider the nuclear reaction: 7Li + 1p → 4He + 4He.The known atomic masses are
7Li: 7.016005 u  
He: 4.002603 u
1p: 1.007825 u
What is the Q-value (or reaction energy)of this reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A) 13.57 MeV 
B) 15.37 MeV 
C) 17.35 MeV 
D) 17.53 MeV 
A) 13.57 MeV 
B) 15.37 MeV 
C) 17.35 MeV 
D) 17.53 MeV

Question 8

A beryllium-8 nucleus at rest undergoes double alpha decay as follows:  
Be →  
He +  
He
The known atomic masses are:  
He: 4.002603 u  
Be: 8.005305 u
What is the kinetic energy of each departing alpha particle? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A) 46 keV 
B) 65 keV 
C) 92 keV 
D) 130 keV 
E) 180 keV 
A) 46 keV 
B) 65 keV 
C) 92 keV 
D) 130 keV 
E) 180 keV

Question 9

A radioactive source emits 2.4-MeV neutrons at the rate of 7,100 neutrons per second.The number of atoms in the source is  
What is the activity of the source,in curies (Ci)? (1.00 Ci = 3.70 × 1010 Bq)

Accepted Answer

A) 190 nCi 
B) 1,900 nCi 
C) 19 nCi 
D) 71 nCi 
E) 710 nCi 
A) 190 nCi 
B) 1,900 nCi 
C) 19 nCi 
D) 71 nCi 
E) 710 nCi

Question 10

Consider the nuclear reaction  
N +  
He →  
O +  
H.The known atomic masses are  
N: 14.003074 u  
He: 4.002603 u  
H: 1.007825 u  
O: 16.999131 u
What is the Q-value (or reaction energy)of this reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A) 1.191 MeV 
B) -1.191 MeV 
C) 1.279 × 10-3 MeV 
D) -1.279 × 10-3 MeV 
A) 1.191 MeV 
B) -1.191 MeV 
C) 1.279 × 10-3 MeV 
D) -1.279 × 10-3 MeV

Question 11

The following masses are known:  
N 1.008665 u  
H 1.007825 u  
Ra 226.025403 u
What is the binding energy of  
Ra? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A) 1,700 MeV 
B) 1,900 MeV 
C) 2,100 MeV 
D) 2,300 MeV 
E) 2,500 MeV 
A) 1,700 MeV 
B) 1,900 MeV 
C) 2,100 MeV 
D) 2,300 MeV 
E) 2,500 MeV

Question 12

A thallium source with a half-life of 3.7 years was certified at 10 kBq ten years ago.What is its activity now?

Accepted Answer

A) 4.7 kBq 
B) 3.3 kBq 
C) 1.5 kBq 
D) 1.0 kBq 
A) 4.7 kBq 
B) 3.3 kBq 
C) 1.5 kBq 
D) 1.0 kBq

Question 13

The stability of  
Cl with respect to alpha,beta-plus and beta-minus decay is to be determined.The following atomic masses are known:  
He: 4.002603 u  
P: 31.973907 u  
S: 35.967081 u  
Cl: 35.968307 u  
Ar: 35.967546 u
The  
Cl nucleus is

Accepted Answer

A) not subject to alpha,beta-plus or beta-minus decay. 
B) subject to alpha decay only. 
C) subject to beta-plus decay only. 
D) subject to beta-minus decay only. 
E) subject to beta-plus or beta-minus decay,but not to alpha decay. 
A) not subject to alpha,beta-plus or beta-minus decay. 
B) subject to alpha decay only. 
C) subject to beta-plus decay only. 
D) subject to beta-minus decay only. 
E) subject to beta-plus or beta-minus decay,but not to alpha decay.

Question 14

How long would it take 4.00 × 1020 atoms to decay to 1.00 × 1019 atoms if their half-life was 14.7 years?

Accepted Answer

A) 29.4 years 
B) 58.8 years 
C) 78.2 years 
D) 147 years 
A) 29.4 years 
B) 58.8 years 
C) 78.2 years 
D) 147 years

Question 15

Which of the following particles are not made up of quarks? (There could be more than one correct choice. )

Accepted Answer

A) alpha particle 
B) electron 
C) proton 
D) positron 
E) neutron 
A) alpha particle 
B) electron 
C) proton 
D) positron 
E) neutron

Question 16

Scandium  
Sc decays by emitting a positron.What isotope is the product of this decay?

Accepted Answer

A)    Sc 
B)    Sc 
C)    Ca 
D)    Ca 
E)    Ti 
A)    Sc 
B)    Sc 
C)    Ca 
D)    Ca 
E)    Ti

Question 17

How many quarks are in a tritium isotope,  
H?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 9 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 9

Question 18

In beta-minus decay

Accepted Answer

A) a proton is emitted. 
B) a neutron is emitted. 
C) an electron is emitted. 
D) an electron decays into another particle. 
E) a proton is transformed into a neutron. 
A) a proton is emitted. 
B) a neutron is emitted. 
C) an electron is emitted. 
D) an electron decays into another particle. 
E) a proton is transformed into a neutron.

Question 19

A sample containing 4.0 × 1018 atoms of a radioactive isotope decays with a half-life of 2.3 years.How many undecayed atoms are left after 3.7 years?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.5 × 1018 
B) 1.7 × 1018 
C) 1.3 × 1018 
D) 1.1 × 1018 
A) 2.5 × 1018 
B) 1.7 × 1018 
C) 1.3 × 1018 
D) 1.1 × 1018

Question 20

An excited  U∗ nucleus undergoes fission into two fragments as follows:  
U∗ →  Ba +  Kr

The following atomic masses are known:

Kr: 91.926270 u

Ba: 143.922845 u

U∗: 236.045563 u
What is the reaction energy released during this fission reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A) 150 MeV 
B) 160 MeV 
C) 170 MeV 
D) 180 MeV 
E) 190 MeV 
A) 150 MeV 
B) 160 MeV 
C) 170 MeV 
D) 180 MeV 
E) 190 MeV

Exam 32: Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Radiation

The number of radioactive nuclei in a particular sample decreases to one-eighth of its original number in 9 days.What is the half-life of these nuclei?

An electron and a positron,both essentially at rest,annihilate each other,emitting two identical photons in the process.What is the wavelength of these photons? The mass of an electron or positron is 9.11 × 10-31 kg.(h = 6.626 × 10-34 J ∙ s,c = 3.00 × 108 m/s)

The isotope U is radioactive and decays in a series to Th.In this series,the particles ejected from the nucleus are

The neutral helium atom, He,has a mass of 4.002603 u,a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 u,a proton has a mass of 1.007277 u,and a neutral hydrogen atom has a mass of 1.007825 u.What is the binding energy of the He nucleus? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of what particles in the nucleus?

In the nuclear reaction ,what is X?

Consider the nuclear reaction: 7Li + 1p → 4He + 4He.The known atomic masses are 7Li: 7.016005 u He: 4.002603 u 1p: 1.007825 u What is the Q-value (or reaction energy)of this reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

A beryllium-8 nucleus at rest undergoes double alpha decay as follows: Be → He + He The known atomic masses are: He: 4.002603 u Be: 8.005305 u What is the kinetic energy of each departing alpha particle? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

A radioactive source emits 2.4-MeV neutrons at the rate of 7,100 neutrons per second.The number of atoms in the source is What is the activity of the source,in curies (Ci)? (1.00 Ci = 3.70 × 1010 Bq)

Consider the nuclear reaction N + He → O + H.The known atomic masses are N: 14.003074 u He: 4.002603 u H: 1.007825 u O: 16.999131 u What is the Q-value (or reaction energy)of this reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

The following masses are known: N 1.008665 u H 1.007825 u Ra 226.025403 u What is the binding energy of Ra? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

A thallium source with a half-life of 3.7 years was certified at 10 kBq ten years ago.What is its activity now?

The stability of Cl with respect to alpha,beta-plus and beta-minus decay is to be determined.The following atomic masses are known: He: 4.002603 u P: 31.973907 u S: 35.967081 u Cl: 35.968307 u Ar: 35.967546 u The Cl nucleus is

How long would it take 4.00 × 1020 atoms to decay to 1.00 × 1019 atoms if their half-life was 14.7 years?

Which of the following particles are not made up of quarks? (There could be more than one correct choice. )

Scandium Sc decays by emitting a positron.What isotope is the product of this decay?

How many quarks are in a tritium isotope, H?

In beta-minus decay

A sample containing 4.0 × 1018 atoms of a radioactive isotope decays with a half-life of 2.3 years.How many undecayed atoms are left after 3.7 years?

An excited U∗ nucleus undergoes fission into two fragments as follows: U∗ → Ba + Kr The following atomic masses are known: Kr: 91.926270 u Ba: 143.922845 u U∗: 236.045563 u What is the reaction energy released during this fission reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

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An electron and a positron,both essentially at rest,annihilate each other,emitting two identical photons in the process.What is the wavelength of these photons? The mass of an electron or positron is 9.11 × 10^-31 kg.(h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J ∙ s,c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

The neutral helium atom, He,has a mass of 4.002603 u,a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 u,a proton has a mass of 1.007277 u,and a neutral hydrogen atom has a mass of 1.007825 u.What is the binding energy of the He nucleus? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²)

Consider the nuclear reaction: ⁷Li + ¹p → ⁴He + ⁴He.The known atomic masses are ⁷Li: 7.016005 u He: 4.002603 u ¹p: 1.007825 u What is the Q-value (or reaction energy)of this reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²)

A beryllium-8 nucleus at rest undergoes double alpha decay as follows: Be → He + He The known atomic masses are: He: 4.002603 u Be: 8.005305 u What is the kinetic energy of each departing alpha particle? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²)

A radioactive source emits 2.4-MeV neutrons at the rate of 7,100 neutrons per second.The number of atoms in the source is What is the activity of the source,in curies (Ci)? (1.00 Ci = 3.70 × 10¹⁰ Bq)

Consider the nuclear reaction N + He → O + H.The known atomic masses are N: 14.003074 u He: 4.002603 u H: 1.007825 u O: 16.999131 u What is the Q-value (or reaction energy)of this reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²)

The following masses are known: N 1.008665 u H 1.007825 u Ra 226.025403 u What is the binding energy of Ra? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²)

How long would it take 4.00 × 10²⁰ atoms to decay to 1.00 × 10¹⁹ atoms if their half-life was 14.7 years?

A sample containing 4.0 × 10¹⁸ atoms of a radioactive isotope decays with a half-life of 2.3 years.How many undecayed atoms are left after 3.7 years?

An excited U^∗ nucleus undergoes fission into two fragments as follows: U^∗ → Ba + Kr The following atomic masses are known: Kr: 91.926270 u Ba: 143.922845 u U^∗: 236.045563 u What is the reaction energy released during this fission reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²)