Exam 9: Energy Metabolism

The energy currency the body uses is ________.

Glycolysis is the process by which ________.

Which of the following energy-yielding nutrients can be converted to glucose?

Ketones are produced from: ________.

Glycolysis begins with _________ and ends with __________.

Why can't typical fatty acids be used as substrates for gluconeogenesis?

When muscle tissue is exercising under anaerobic conditions, the production of ______ is important because it ensures a continuous supply of NAD⁺.

Amino acids (or parts of their carbon skeletons) that can be converted to pyruvate or enter the citric acid cycle directly are called ________.

Anabolic metabolism refers to pathways that build larger, more complex compounds.

During the end reaction of the electron transport chain, oxygen becomes ________.

When a compound is reduced it _____ one or more electrons.

During an overnight fast, the primary fuel for the brain and central nervous system is amino acids.

Fasting or starvation accelerates ________.

Amino acids that become acetyl-CoA as a result of deamination are designated ketogenic amino acids because ________.

Oxidation-reduction reactions in the body are controlled by ________.

After a period of prolonged fasting (starving), the brain changes its fuel requirements ________.

Explain why some people think that consuming carnitine pills will help them lose weight.

In which compartment of the cell do Krebs cycle and fatty acid oxidation take place?

In fatty acid synthesis, the "starting" molecule is ________.

In most cases the starting material for gluconeogenesis is ________.