Question 1

Which of the following is found at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A) Telomeres 
B) Centromeres 
C) Kinetochores 
D) Origins of replication 
A) Telomeres 
B) Centromeres 
C) Kinetochores 
D) Origins of replication A

Question 2

Which of the following represents the highest level of chromosome condensation?

Accepted Answer

A) Radial loop domain 
B) 30 nm fibers 
C) Double helix 
D) Nucleosome 
E) Heterochromatin 
A) Radial loop domain 
B) 30 nm fibers 
C) Double helix 
D) Nucleosome 
E) Heterochromatin E

Question 3

DNA topoisomerase I does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Introduce positive super coils 
B) Relieve positive super coils 
C) Introduce negative super coils 
D) More than one of these 
A) Introduce positive super coils 
B) Relieve positive super coils 
C) Introduce negative super coils 
D) More than one of these A

Question 4

The DNA-protein complex in eukaryotic chromosomes is called the genome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Loop domains are responsible for what level of condensation of the bacterial chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 fold 
B)  100 fold 
C)  1000 fold 
D)  10,000 fold 
A)  10 fold 
B)  100 fold 
C)  1000 fold 
D)  10,000 fold

Question 6

The term genome refers to the complete complement of sequences and genes that an organism possesses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following represents the lowest level of chromosome condensation?

Accepted Answer

A) Radial loop domain 
B) 30 nm fibers 
C) Heterochromatin 
D) Nucleosome 
E)  Euchromatin 
A) Radial loop domain 
B) 30 nm fibers 
C) Heterochromatin 
D) Nucleosome 
E)  Euchromatin

Question 8

Which direction would you turn Z-DNA to introduce negative super coils?

Accepted Answer

A) Right 
B) Left 
A) Right 
B) Left

Question 9

Digesting chromatin with a high concentration of DNAse I would yield fragments of what approximate size?

Accepted Answer

A) 200 
B) 400 
C) 600 
D) 1100 
A) 200 
B) 400 
C) 600 
D) 1100

Question 10

Over winding of the DNA decreases the number of turns in the double helix, and thus results in super coils in the DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Where is the bacterial chromosome located?

Accepted Answer

A) Nucleus 
B) Nucleolus 
C) Nucleoid 
D) Nuclear envelope 
A) Nucleus 
B) Nucleolus 
C) Nucleoid 
D) Nuclear envelope

Question 12

Why do amphibians have so much more DNA than humans?

Accepted Answer

A) Amphibians have more repetitive sequences than do humans 
B) Amphibians are more biologically complex than mammals are 
C) Amphibians have more genes than do humans 
D) Amphibians are tetraploid, while humans are diploid 
A) Amphibians have more repetitive sequences than do humans 
B) Amphibians are more biologically complex than mammals are 
C) Amphibians have more genes than do humans 
D) Amphibians are tetraploid, while humans are diploid

Question 13

The zig-zag and solenoid models are associated with the _______ level of DNA organization.

Accepted Answer

A)  histone 
B)  11nm fiber 
C)  beads-on-a-string 
D)  30 nm fiber 
E)  scaffold protein 
A)  histone 
B)  11nm fiber 
C)  beads-on-a-string 
D)  30 nm fiber 
E)  scaffold protein

Question 14

How many types of histone proteins are there?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 5 
C) 7 
D) 8 
A) 4 
B) 5 
C) 7 
D) 8

Question 15

A nucleus is 4 $\mu$m in diameter. Its DNA is composed of a million base pairs. Approximately how much does it need to be condensed in order to fit inside the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) 30-fold 
B) 100,000-fold 
C) 1 million-fold 
D) 3 million-fold 
A) 30-fold 
B) 100,000-fold 
C) 1 million-fold 
D) 3 million-fold

Question 16

What is a mechanism of condensation shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Nucleosomes 
B) Loop domains 
C) 30 nm fiber 
D) None of the answers are correct 
A) Nucleosomes 
B) Loop domains 
C) 30 nm fiber 
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by bacteria to condense their DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Super coiling 
B)  Packaging the DNA with histone proteins 
C)  Looping of the DNA 
D)  Increase or decrease the number of turns in the DNA 
E)  Anchoring the DNA loops with DNA-binding proteins 
A)  Super coiling 
B)  Packaging the DNA with histone proteins 
C)  Looping of the DNA 
D)  Increase or decrease the number of turns in the DNA 
E)  Anchoring the DNA loops with DNA-binding proteins

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT part of the structure of the nucleosome core particle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is composed of an octamer of proteins. 
B)  There is a linker region between two nucleosomes of about 200 base pairs. 
C)  There are two copies each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. 
D)  The DNA is wrapped around the core slightly over two complete turns. 
E)  The DNA wrapped around the core contains 146-147 base pairs. 
A)  It is composed of an octamer of proteins. 
B)  There is a linker region between two nucleosomes of about 200 base pairs. 
C)  There are two copies each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. 
D)  The DNA is wrapped around the core slightly over two complete turns. 
E)  The DNA wrapped around the core contains 146-147 base pairs.

Question 19

The origins of replication in eukaryotic chromosomes are spaced about every _______ base pairs.

Accepted Answer

A)  100,000 
B)  1000 
C)  100 
D)  10 
E)  500 
A)  100,000 
B)  1000 
C)  100 
D)  10 
E)  500

Question 20

Which of the following is correctly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

A) Highly repetitive DNA contains transposable elements and genes that are expressed in abundance and thus have many copies. 
B) Moderately repetitive DNA contains unique sequences, such as genes found in one or a few copies. 
C) Non-repetitive DNA is composed of thousands of copies of many short repeats. 
D) Moderately repetitive DNA contains retro elements, such as the Alu sequence. 
E)  Moderately repetitive DNA contains transposable elements and genes that are expressed in abundance and thus have many copies. 
A) Highly repetitive DNA contains transposable elements and genes that are expressed in abundance and thus have many copies. 
B) Moderately repetitive DNA contains unique sequences, such as genes found in one or a few copies. 
C) Non-repetitive DNA is composed of thousands of copies of many short repeats. 
D) Moderately repetitive DNA contains retro elements, such as the Alu sequence. 
E)  Moderately repetitive DNA contains transposable elements and genes that are expressed in abundance and thus have many copies.

Exam 10: Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

Which of the following is found at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome?

Which of the following represents the highest level of chromosome condensation?

DNA topoisomerase I does which of the following?

The DNA-protein complex in eukaryotic chromosomes is called the genome.

Loop domains are responsible for what level of condensation of the bacterial chromosome?

The term genome refers to the complete complement of sequences and genes that an organism possesses.

Which of the following represents the lowest level of chromosome condensation?

Which direction would you turn Z-DNA to introduce negative super coils?

Digesting chromatin with a high concentration of DNAse I would yield fragments of what approximate size?

Over winding of the DNA decreases the number of turns in the double helix, and thus results in super coils in the DNA.

Where is the bacterial chromosome located?

Why do amphibians have so much more DNA than humans?

The zig-zag and solenoid models are associated with the _______ level of DNA organization.

How many types of histone proteins are there?

A nucleus is 4 μ\muμ m in diameter. Its DNA is composed of a million base pairs. Approximately how much does it need to be condensed in order to fit inside the nucleus?

What is a mechanism of condensation shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by bacteria to condense their DNA?

Which of the following is NOT part of the structure of the nucleosome core particle?

The origins of replication in eukaryotic chromosomes are spaced about every _______ base pairs.

Which of the following is correctly matched with its description?

Overview of Genetics

Mendelian Inheritance

Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

Molecular Structure of DNA and RNA

DNA Replication

Gene Transcription and RNA Modification

Translation of MRNA

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional Regulation

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes II: Epigenetics and Regulation at the RNA Level

Genetics of Viruses

Gene Mutation and Dna Repair

Recombination and Transposition at the Molecular Level

DNA Technologies

Biotechnology

Genomics I: Analysis of DNA

Genomics II: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Developmental Genetics

Population Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Evolutionary Genetics

Filters

A nucleus is 4 $\mu$ m in diameter. Its DNA is composed of a million base pairs. Approximately how much does it need to be condensed in order to fit inside the nucleus?