Question 1

Identify a true statement about genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Accepted Answer

A) It is based on the assumption of representativeness. 
B) It can validate zero correlation between the human genome and personality traits. 
C) It can rapidly examine the entire genome for links with personality. 
D) It encounters the problem of selective placement. 
A) It is based on the assumption of representativeness. 
B) It can validate zero correlation between the human genome and personality traits. 
C) It can rapidly examine the entire genome for links with personality. 
D) It encounters the problem of selective placement.

Question 2

_____ literally share 100 percent of their genes.

Accepted Answer

A) Parents and children 
B) All siblings 
C) Dizygotic twins 
D) Monozygotic twins 
A) Parents and children 
B) All siblings 
C) Dizygotic twins 
D) Monozygotic twins

Question 3

Combining the strengths of adoption and twin studies:

Accepted Answer

A) is not appropriate in behavior genetics studies. 
B) provides one of the most powerful behavioral genetic designs. 
C) requires selective breeding over many generations of laboratory animals. 
D) provides an error-free estimate of heritability for behavioral genetic studies. 
A) is not appropriate in behavior genetics studies. 
B) provides one of the most powerful behavioral genetic designs. 
C) requires selective breeding over many generations of laboratory animals. 
D) provides an error-free estimate of heritability for behavioral genetic studies.

Question 4

Reactive genotype-environment correlation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A) parents respond to children differently,depending on the child's genotypes. 
B) parents provide both genes and environment to children,yet the children do nothing to obtain that environment. 
C) individuals with a particular genotype create a particular environment. 
D) individuals respond to the environment that they select to inhabit by molding it,depending on their genotypes. 
A) parents respond to children differently,depending on the child's genotypes. 
B) parents provide both genes and environment to children,yet the children do nothing to obtain that environment. 
C) individuals with a particular genotype create a particular environment. 
D) individuals respond to the environment that they select to inhabit by molding it,depending on their genotypes.

Question 5

A heritability of .30 means that _____ of the observed phenotypic variation is attributable to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) 70 percent;an environmental difference 
B) 70 percent;genotypic variation 
C) 30 percent;an environmental difference 
D) 30 percent;genotypic variation 
A) 70 percent;an environmental difference 
B) 70 percent;genotypic variation 
C) 30 percent;an environmental difference 
D) 30 percent;genotypic variation

Question 6

Nonshared family environment is best expressed as those aspects of a family environment that:

Accepted Answer

A) are uniquely experienced by a family. 
B) are uniquely experienced by an individual family member. 
C) are hoarded by family members. 
D) represent differential genetic dimorphism. 
A) are uniquely experienced by a family. 
B) are uniquely experienced by an individual family member. 
C) are hoarded by family members. 
D) represent differential genetic dimorphism.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a shared environmental influence?

Accepted Answer

A) A child's friends 
B) A child's grades 
C) Special treatment from a parent 
D) Parents' values and attitudes 
A) A child's friends 
B) A child's grades 
C) Special treatment from a parent 
D) Parents' values and attitudes

Question 8

For selective breeding to be successful,a desired trait must:

Accepted Answer

A) be entirely under genetic control. 
B) occur in all offspring. 
C) be heritable. 
D) not get affected by environment. 
A) be entirely under genetic control. 
B) occur in all offspring. 
C) be heritable. 
D) not get affected by environment.

Question 9

Which of the following is a disadvantage of family studies?

Accepted Answer

A) Results from these studies alone can never be viewed as definitive. 
B) A potential problem with these studies is selective placement. 
C) Their assumption of representativeness is a commonly encountered problem. 
D) They fail to provide heritable estimates. 
A) Results from these studies alone can never be viewed as definitive. 
B) A potential problem with these studies is selective placement. 
C) Their assumption of representativeness is a commonly encountered problem. 
D) They fail to provide heritable estimates.

Question 10

At the level of an individual,_____.

Accepted Answer

A) there is no nature-nurture debate 
B) genes are useful in studying personality 
C) an idiographic genetic approach should be used 
D) genes are used to determine personality 
A) there is no nature-nurture debate 
B) genes are useful in studying personality 
C) an idiographic genetic approach should be used 
D) genes are used to determine personality

Question 11

In the context of sexual orientation,brain researcher Simon LeVay found that homosexual men have:

Accepted Answer

A) substantially larger brains like women and unlike heterosexual males. 
B) substantially larger ascending reticular activating systems than heterosexual men. 
C) substantially smaller medial preoptic regions of the hypothalamus than heterosexual men. 
D) substantially smaller occipital lobes of the brain than heterosexual men. 
A) substantially larger brains like women and unlike heterosexual males. 
B) substantially larger ascending reticular activating systems than heterosexual men. 
C) substantially smaller medial preoptic regions of the hypothalamus than heterosexual men. 
D) substantially smaller occipital lobes of the brain than heterosexual men.

Question 12

According to Willerman (1979),a problem with attempting to study the effects of nonshared environments is that:

Accepted Answer

A) there are so many environmental variables that exert an impact on personality that each variable alone might account only for a tiny fraction of the variance. 
B) the nonshared environmental effects on each child in a family are too subtle to analyze using current methods. 
C) the effects of shared family environments interfere with the effects of nonshared family environments. 
D) the equal environments assumption is violated by variables attributable to nonshared family environment. 
A) there are so many environmental variables that exert an impact on personality that each variable alone might account only for a tiny fraction of the variance. 
B) the nonshared environmental effects on each child in a family are too subtle to analyze using current methods. 
C) the effects of shared family environments interfere with the effects of nonshared family environments. 
D) the equal environments assumption is violated by variables attributable to nonshared family environment.

Question 13

_____ refers to individual differences in the total collection of genes possessed by each person.

Accepted Answer

A) Heritability 
B) Phenotypic variance 
C) Genotypic variance 
D) Environmentality 
A) Heritability 
B) Phenotypic variance 
C) Genotypic variance 
D) Environmentality

Question 14

Adoption studies show that the average correlation for personality variables between adopted siblings who share much of their environment,but who share no genes,is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) only .05 
B) only .25 
C) .50 
D) .65 
A) only .05 
B) only .25 
C) .50 
D) .65

Question 15

The Bailey,Dunne,et al.(2000)study provides some support for Bem's (1996)theory that:

Accepted Answer

A) sexual orientation is extremely heritable. 
B) childhood gender nonconformity may be an inherited component of adult sexual orientation. 
C) gender nonconformity is not heritable. 
D) the brains of homosexuals and heterosexuals are identical. 
A) sexual orientation is extremely heritable. 
B) childhood gender nonconformity may be an inherited component of adult sexual orientation. 
C) gender nonconformity is not heritable. 
D) the brains of homosexuals and heterosexuals are identical.

Question 16

Which of the following is probably the most heritable?

Accepted Answer

A) Drinking behavior in men 
B) Drinking behavior in women 
C) Alcoholism in both men and women 
D) Alcoholism is not heritable. 
A) Drinking behavior in men 
B) Drinking behavior in women 
C) Alcoholism in both men and women 
D) Alcoholism is not heritable.

Question 17

Behavioral geneticists typically are NOT content simply with figuring out the:

Accepted Answer

A) percentage of variance due to environment. 
B) percentage of variance due to genes. 
C) percentage of variance due to genetic and environmental causes. 
D) ways in which genes and environment interact to form personality. 
A) percentage of variance due to environment. 
B) percentage of variance due to genes. 
C) percentage of variance due to genetic and environmental causes. 
D) ways in which genes and environment interact to form personality.

Question 18

In the context of the assumption of representativeness,adoption studies assume that:

Accepted Answer

A) placing adopted children with adoptive parents who are similar to their birth parents helps in a better understanding of heritable traits. 
B) adopted children,their birth parents,and their adoptive parents are typical of the general population. 
C) the environments experienced by adopted identical twins are more similar to each other than are the environments experienced by adopted fraternal twins. 
D) a positive correlation between adopted children and their adoptive parents provides evidence for heritability for a personality trait. 
A) placing adopted children with adoptive parents who are similar to their birth parents helps in a better understanding of heritable traits. 
B) adopted children,their birth parents,and their adoptive parents are typical of the general population. 
C) the environments experienced by adopted identical twins are more similar to each other than are the environments experienced by adopted fraternal twins. 
D) a positive correlation between adopted children and their adoptive parents provides evidence for heritability for a personality trait.

Question 19

Rochelle's son loves camping.However,her daughter prefers painting.During summer break,Rochelle sends her son for a four-day camp.During the same time,she takes her daughter to various painting exhibitions in the city.This scenario best exemplifies _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the equal environments assumption 
B) the assumption of representativeness 
C) reactive genotype-environment correlation 
D) passive genotype-environment correlation 
A) the equal environments assumption 
B) the assumption of representativeness 
C) reactive genotype-environment correlation 
D) passive genotype-environment correlation

Question 20

Which of the following aims to identify specific genes associated with personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A) Adoption study 
B) Molecular genetics 
C) Twin study 
D) Behavioral genetics 
A) Adoption study 
B) Molecular genetics 
C) Twin study 
D) Behavioral genetics

Identify a true statement about genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

_____ literally share 100 percent of their genes.

Combining the strengths of adoption and twin studies:

Reactive genotype-environment correlation occurs when:

A heritability of .30 means that _ of the observed phenotypic variation is attributable to _.

Nonshared family environment is best expressed as those aspects of a family environment that:

Which of the following is an example of a shared environmental influence?

For selective breeding to be successful,a desired trait must:

Which of the following is a disadvantage of family studies?

At the level of an individual,_____.

In the context of sexual orientation,brain researcher Simon LeVay found that homosexual men have:

According to Willerman (1979),a problem with attempting to study the effects of nonshared environments is that:

_____ refers to individual differences in the total collection of genes possessed by each person.

Adoption studies show that the average correlation for personality variables between adopted siblings who share much of their environment,but who share no genes,is _____.

The Bailey,Dunne,et al.(2000)study provides some support for Bem's (1996)theory that:

Which of the following is probably the most heritable?

Behavioral geneticists typically are NOT content simply with figuring out the:

In the context of the assumption of representativeness,adoption studies assume that:

Rochelle's son loves camping.However,her daughter prefers painting.During summer break,Rochelle sends her son for a four-day camp.During the same time,she takes her daughter to various painting exhibitions in the city.This scenario best exemplifies _____.

Which of the following aims to identify specific genes associated with personality traits?

Introduction to Personality Psychology

Personality Assessment, Measurement, and Research Design

Traits and Trait Taxonomies

Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology

Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability, Coherence, and Change

Physiological Approaches to Personality

Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues

Motives and Personality

Cognitive Topics in Personality

Emotion and Personality

Approaches to the Self

Personality and Social Interaction

Sex,Gender,and Personality

Culture and Personality

Stress,Coping,Adjustment,and Health

Disorders of Personality

Summary and Future Directions

Filters

Exam 6: Genetics and Personality

Identify a true statement about genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

_____ literally share 100 percent of their genes.

Combining the strengths of adoption and twin studies:

Reactive genotype-environment correlation occurs when:

A heritability of .30 means that _____ of the observed phenotypic variation is attributable to _____.

Nonshared family environment is best expressed as those aspects of a family environment that:

Which of the following is an example of a shared environmental influence?

For selective breeding to be successful,a desired trait must:

Which of the following is a disadvantage of family studies?

At the level of an individual,_____.

In the context of sexual orientation,brain researcher Simon LeVay found that homosexual men have:

According to Willerman (1979),a problem with attempting to study the effects of nonshared environments is that:

_____ refers to individual differences in the total collection of genes possessed by each person.

Adoption studies show that the average correlation for personality variables between adopted siblings who share much of their environment,but who share no genes,is _____.

The Bailey,Dunne,et al.(2000)study provides some support for Bem's (1996)theory that:

Which of the following is probably the most heritable?

Behavioral geneticists typically are NOT content simply with figuring out the:

In the context of the assumption of representativeness,adoption studies assume that:

Rochelle's son loves camping.However,her daughter prefers painting.During summer break,Rochelle sends her son for a four-day camp.During the same time,she takes her daughter to various painting exhibitions in the city.This scenario best exemplifies _____.

Which of the following aims to identify specific genes associated with personality traits?

Introduction to Personality Psychology

Personality Assessment, Measurement, and Research Design

Traits and Trait Taxonomies

Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology

Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability, Coherence, and Change

Physiological Approaches to Personality

Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues

Motives and Personality

Cognitive Topics in Personality

Emotion and Personality

Approaches to the Self

Personality and Social Interaction

Sex,Gender,and Personality

Culture and Personality

Stress,Coping,Adjustment,and Health

Disorders of Personality

Summary and Future Directions

Filters

A heritability of .30 means that _ of the observed phenotypic variation is attributable to _.