Question 1

Which of the following develops first in children?

Accepted Answer

A) A knowledge about their gender and age 
B) The ability to compare their skills and abilities with those of others 
C) A private self-concept 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) A knowledge about their gender and age 
B) The ability to compare their skills and abilities with those of others 
C) A private self-concept 
D) All of the answers are correct. A

Question 2

Kiara,a marketing executive,has to create a marketing plan for a new hair dryer.Although she has worked on similar projects and succeeded,she still feels anxious and is convinced that she will make a mistake.She puts in extra effort to prepare the plan and rehearses several times before presenting it to her clients.Her plan is readily accepted by her clients,as always.This scenario most likely exemplifies _____.

Accepted Answer

A) self-handicapping 
B) defensive pessimism 
C) wish fulfillment 
D) selective placement 
A) self-handicapping 
B) defensive pessimism 
C) wish fulfillment 
D) selective placement B

Question 3

The extent to which you value yourself is known as your:

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem. 
B) self-concept. 
C) social identity. 
D) possible self. 
A) self-esteem. 
B) self-concept. 
C) social identity. 
D) possible self. A

Question 4

Gender and ethnicity are necessarily a component of one's:

Accepted Answer

A) self-concept. 
B) self-esteem. 
C) social identity. 
D) None of the answers is correct. 
A) self-concept. 
B) self-esteem. 
C) social identity. 
D) None of the answers is correct.

Question 5

Self-esteem measures in an academic domain _____ with self-esteem measures in a physical appearance domain.

Accepted Answer

A) correlate highly 
B) correlate moderately 
C) correlate little 
D) do not correlate 
A) correlate highly 
B) correlate moderately 
C) correlate little 
D) do not correlate

Question 6

The way you see and define yourself is known as your:

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem. 
B) self-concept. 
C) social identity. 
D) self-esteem variability. 
A) self-esteem. 
B) self-concept. 
C) social identity. 
D) self-esteem variability.

Question 7

The information on your driver's license is most likely a part of your:

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem. 
B) self-concept. 
C) social identity. 
D) possible self. 
A) self-esteem. 
B) self-concept. 
C) social identity. 
D) possible self.

Question 8

Jerome Kagan has found that about _____ percent of 4-month-old babies exhibit signs of shyness.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 30 
D) 40 
A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 30 
D) 40

Question 9

A high self-esteem person will most likely respond to failure by:

Accepted Answer

A) giving up. 
B) accepting it. 
C) focusing on other areas in which things are going well. 
D) becoming aggressive. 
A) giving up. 
B) accepting it. 
C) focusing on other areas in which things are going well. 
D) becoming aggressive.

Question 10

People who score low in self-esteem are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) engage in self-handicapping. 
B) engage in defensive pessimism. 
C) avoid failure feedback. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) engage in self-handicapping. 
B) engage in defensive pessimism. 
C) avoid failure feedback. 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

When individuals discard their parents' values,they are most likely to experience an identity:

Accepted Answer

A) conflict. 
B) continuity. 
C) contrast. 
D) deficit. 
A) conflict. 
B) continuity. 
C) contrast. 
D) deficit.

Question 12

The movie character Lester,played by Kevin Spacey,in the Oscar-winning film American Beauty most likely exemplifies the concept of:

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem variability. 
B) defensive pessimism. 
C) self-handicapping. 
D) identity crisis. 
A) self-esteem variability. 
B) defensive pessimism. 
C) self-handicapping. 
D) identity crisis.

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies self-handicapping?

Accepted Answer

A) The morning before a formal dinner,Denver has a light breakfast. 
B) The afternoon before a dance performance,Diana takes a nap and listens to soft music. 
C) The evening before a presentation,Roger reads an article on effective presentation skills. 
D) The night before an exam,Rose stays out late and parties with her friends. 
A) The morning before a formal dinner,Denver has a light breakfast. 
B) The afternoon before a dance performance,Diana takes a nap and listens to soft music. 
C) The evening before a presentation,Roger reads an article on effective presentation skills. 
D) The night before an exam,Rose stays out late and parties with her friends.

Question 14

_____ popularized the term "identity" in the 1960s.

Accepted Answer

A) Hans Eysenck 
B) Sigmund Freud 
C) Erik Erikson 
D) B. F. Skinner 
A) Hans Eysenck 
B) Sigmund Freud 
C) Erik Erikson 
D) B. F. Skinner

Question 15

The self-concept begins to develop as early as:

Accepted Answer

A) infancy. 
B) childhood. 
C) adolescence. 
D) adulthooD. 
A) infancy. 
B) childhood. 
C) adolescence. 
D) adulthooD.

Question 16

Tory Higgins described _____ as standards that individuals use to organize information and motivate appropriate behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) self-guides 
B) possible selves 
C) self-concepts 
D) identity crises 
A) self-guides 
B) possible selves 
C) self-concepts 
D) identity crises

Question 17

In a research that looked mainly at how failure feedback affects subsequent performance on similar tasks and whether failure affects high and low self-esteem persons differently,Brown and Dutton (1995)found that low self-esteem persons _____.

Accepted Answer

A) were more concerned with avoiding failure 
B) feared not succeeding 
C) thought that failure on their first task must have been a mistake 
D) were motivated to not give up the second time after failing in their first task 
A) were more concerned with avoiding failure 
B) feared not succeeding 
C) thought that failure on their first task must have been a mistake 
D) were motivated to not give up the second time after failing in their first task

Question 18

The idea that people's identity sets them apart from others is described as identity:

Accepted Answer

A) continuity. 
B) contrast. 
C) deficit. 
D) conflict. 
A) continuity. 
B) contrast. 
C) deficit. 
D) conflict.

Question 19

Which of the following terms is defined as a process in which a person deliberately does the things that increase the probability that he or she will fail?

Accepted Answer

A) Extreme responding 
B) Secondary process thinking 
C) Counterbalancing 
D) Self-handicapping 
A) Extreme responding 
B) Secondary process thinking 
C) Counterbalancing 
D) Self-handicapping

Question 20

The development of imaginary friends often indicates that a child has developed:

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to engage in social comparison. 
B) a private self-concept. 
C) an objective self-awareness. 
D) an identity deficit. 
A) the ability to engage in social comparison. 
B) a private self-concept. 
C) an objective self-awareness. 
D) an identity deficit.

Which of the following develops first in children?

The extent to which you value yourself is known as your:

Gender and ethnicity are necessarily a component of one's:

Self-esteem measures in an academic domain _____ with self-esteem measures in a physical appearance domain.

The way you see and define yourself is known as your:

The information on your driver's license is most likely a part of your:

Jerome Kagan has found that about _____ percent of 4-month-old babies exhibit signs of shyness.

A high self-esteem person will most likely respond to failure by:

People who score low in self-esteem are most likely to:

When individuals discard their parents' values,they are most likely to experience an identity:

The movie character Lester,played by Kevin Spacey,in the Oscar-winning film American Beauty most likely exemplifies the concept of:

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies self-handicapping?

_____ popularized the term "identity" in the 1960s.

The self-concept begins to develop as early as:

Tory Higgins described _____ as standards that individuals use to organize information and motivate appropriate behavior.

In a research that looked mainly at how failure feedback affects subsequent performance on similar tasks and whether failure affects high and low self-esteem persons differently,Brown and Dutton (1995)found that low self-esteem persons _____.

The idea that people's identity sets them apart from others is described as identity:

Which of the following terms is defined as a process in which a person deliberately does the things that increase the probability that he or she will fail?

The development of imaginary friends often indicates that a child has developed:

Introduction to Personality Psychology

Personality Assessment, Measurement, and Research Design

Traits and Trait Taxonomies

Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology

Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability, Coherence, and Change

Genetics and Personality

Physiological Approaches to Personality

Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues

Motives and Personality

Cognitive Topics in Personality

Emotion and Personality

Personality and Social Interaction

Sex,Gender,and Personality

Culture and Personality

Stress,Coping,Adjustment,and Health

Disorders of Personality

Summary and Future Directions

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Exam 14: Approaches to the Self

Which of the following develops first in children?

The extent to which you value yourself is known as your:

Gender and ethnicity are necessarily a component of one's:

Self-esteem measures in an academic domain _____ with self-esteem measures in a physical appearance domain.

The way you see and define yourself is known as your:

The information on your driver's license is most likely a part of your:

Jerome Kagan has found that about _____ percent of 4-month-old babies exhibit signs of shyness.

A high self-esteem person will most likely respond to failure by:

People who score low in self-esteem are most likely to:

When individuals discard their parents' values,they are most likely to experience an identity:

The movie character Lester,played by Kevin Spacey,in the Oscar-winning film American Beauty most likely exemplifies the concept of:

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies self-handicapping?

_____ popularized the term "identity" in the 1960s.

The self-concept begins to develop as early as:

Tory Higgins described _____ as standards that individuals use to organize information and motivate appropriate behavior.

In a research that looked mainly at how failure feedback affects subsequent performance on similar tasks and whether failure affects high and low self-esteem persons differently,Brown and Dutton (1995)found that low self-esteem persons _____.

The idea that people's identity sets them apart from others is described as identity:

Which of the following terms is defined as a process in which a person deliberately does the things that increase the probability that he or she will fail?

The development of imaginary friends often indicates that a child has developed:

Introduction to Personality Psychology

Personality Assessment, Measurement, and Research Design

Traits and Trait Taxonomies

Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology

Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability, Coherence, and Change

Genetics and Personality

Physiological Approaches to Personality

Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues

Motives and Personality

Cognitive Topics in Personality

Emotion and Personality

Personality and Social Interaction

Sex,Gender,and Personality

Culture and Personality

Stress,Coping,Adjustment,and Health

Disorders of Personality

Summary and Future Directions

Filters