Question 1

People who experience discomfort related to social interactions score:

Accepted Answer

A) high on measures of self-esteem. 
B) low on measures of self-esteem. 
C) high on measures of social anxiety. 
D) low on measures of social anxiety. 
A) high on measures of self-esteem. 
B) low on measures of self-esteem. 
C) high on measures of social anxiety. 
D) low on measures of social anxiety.

Question 2

Perspective taking usually develops when a child is around _____ years old.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 5 
C) 9 
D) 13 
A) 2 
B) 5 
C) 9 
D) 13

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of defensive pessimists?

Accepted Answer

A) They remain unaffected by their fear of failure. 
B) They use their worry and pessimism in a constructive way. 
C) They believe that failure has a devastating impact even if expected in advance. 
D) They visualize the worst-case scenario and use their pessimism to make it happen. 
A) They remain unaffected by their fear of failure. 
B) They use their worry and pessimism in a constructive way. 
C) They believe that failure has a devastating impact even if expected in advance. 
D) They visualize the worst-case scenario and use their pessimism to make it happen.

Question 4

A person who has a possible self of a musician:

Accepted Answer

A) knows that he or she will become a musician someday. 
B) knows the steps he or she will need to take to become a musician. 
C) will most likely be attracted toward musical opportunities. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) knows that he or she will become a musician someday. 
B) knows the steps he or she will need to take to become a musician. 
C) will most likely be attracted toward musical opportunities. 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

In the context of Roy Baumeister's concept of identity crises,which of the following is a similarity between an identity deficit and an identity conflict?

Accepted Answer

A) Both commonly occur during adolescence. 
B) Both are associated with alternate feelings of depression and euphoria. 
C) Both occur when two or more aspects of identity clash. 
D) Both commonly involve investigation of new ideas and values. 
A) Both commonly occur during adolescence. 
B) Both are associated with alternate feelings of depression and euphoria. 
C) Both occur when two or more aspects of identity clash. 
D) Both commonly involve investigation of new ideas and values.

Question 6

According to psychologist Tory Higgins,which of the following terms refers to a person's understanding of what others want him or her to be?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-schema 
B) Ideal self 
C) Ought self 
D) Self-complexity 
A) Self-schema 
B) Ideal self 
C) Ought self 
D) Self-complexity

Question 7

Children who were shy as infants and overcame their shyness in later childhood:

Accepted Answer

A) were encouraged by their parents to socialize. 
B) were not encouraged by their parents to socialize. 
C) did not have the shyness gene. 
D) had parents that were more outgoing. 
A) were encouraged by their parents to socialize. 
B) were not encouraged by their parents to socialize. 
C) did not have the shyness gene. 
D) had parents that were more outgoing.

Question 8

When people behave in ways that are inconsistent with their self-concepts,_____.

Accepted Answer

A) they self-handicap themselves 
B) they abandon their possible selves 
C) their self-esteem increases 
D) they might experience a dip in their self-esteem 
A) they self-handicap themselves 
B) they abandon their possible selves 
C) their self-esteem increases 
D) they might experience a dip in their self-esteem

Question 9

The idea that identity remains relatively stable is described as identity:

Accepted Answer

A) continuity. 
B) contrast. 
C) deficit. 
D) conflict. 
A) continuity. 
B) contrast. 
C) deficit. 
D) conflict.

Question 10

Possible selves:

Accepted Answer

A) describe past behaviors. 
B) motivate behavior. 
C) are unrelated to behavior. 
D) develop in early infancy. 
A) describe past behaviors. 
B) motivate behavior. 
C) are unrelated to behavior. 
D) develop in early infancy.

Question 11

According to Ross,Liu,Tomfohr,and Miller (2013),which of the following statements is true about self-esteem variability?

Accepted Answer

A) People whose self-esteem hinges on feedback they receive from others show lower self-esteem variability. 
B) Chronic self-esteem variability is associated with various health risk factors. 
C) Men tend to have higher self-esteem variability than women. 
D) Self-esteem variability is independent of the degree to which one's self-evaluation is changeable. 
A) People whose self-esteem hinges on feedback they receive from others show lower self-esteem variability. 
B) Chronic self-esteem variability is associated with various health risk factors. 
C) Men tend to have higher self-esteem variability than women. 
D) Self-esteem variability is independent of the degree to which one's self-evaluation is changeable.

Question 12

Self-esteem level and self-esteem variability:

Accepted Answer

A) are highly correlated. 
B) are unrelated to each other. 
C) interact to predict important outcomes. 
D) are unrelated to each other and often interact to predict important outcomes. 
A) are highly correlated. 
B) are unrelated to each other. 
C) interact to predict important outcomes. 
D) are unrelated to each other and often interact to predict important outcomes.

Question 13

People _____ tend to respond to criticism with decreased motivation.

Accepted Answer

A) with low self-esteem 
B) with high self-esteem 
C) who are shy 
D) who are not shy 
A) with low self-esteem 
B) with high self-esteem 
C) who are shy 
D) who are not shy

Question 14

A person with many distinct aspects of his or her self-concept is best described as having:

Accepted Answer

A) high self-esteem variability. 
B) high global self-esteem. 
C) high self-complexity. 
D) high self-confidence. 
A) high self-esteem variability. 
B) high global self-esteem. 
C) high self-complexity. 
D) high self-confidence.

Question 15

Self-esteem is the sum of your _____ reactions to all the aspects of your self-concept.

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) negative 
C) positive and negative 
D) positive,negative,and standard 
A) positive 
B) negative 
C) positive and negative 
D) positive,negative,and standard

Question 16

In the context of the development of the self-concept,which of the following terms is defined as the ability to see oneself as others do or to step outside of oneself and imagine how one appears to other people?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-handicapping 
B) Social comparison 
C) Perspective taking 
D) Projection 
A) Self-handicapping 
B) Social comparison 
C) Perspective taking 
D) Projection

Question 17

Ages 5 or 6 onward,children begin to develop:

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to engage in social comparison. 
B) a private self-concept. 
C) an objective self-awareness. 
D) the ability to engage in social comparison and an inner,private self-concept. 
A) the ability to engage in social comparison. 
B) a private self-concept. 
C) an objective self-awareness. 
D) the ability to engage in social comparison and an inner,private self-concept.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a concrete step offered by Stocker to help decrease shyness?

Accepted Answer

A) Trying not to avoid social situations 
B) Mentally reviewing the aspects of a conversation that did not go well 
C) Paying attention to others 
D) Making more eye contact 
A) Trying not to avoid social situations 
B) Mentally reviewing the aspects of a conversation that did not go well 
C) Paying attention to others 
D) Making more eye contact

Question 19

An individual difference characteristic that refers to the magnitude of short-term fluctuations in ongoing self-esteem is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem variability. 
B) global self-esteem. 
C) promotion focus. 
D) prevention focus. 
A) self-esteem variability. 
B) global self-esteem. 
C) promotion focus. 
D) prevention focus.

Question 20

In the context of Roy Baumeister's concept of identity crises,which of the following is a characteristic of an identity conflict?

Accepted Answer

A) It requires people to search for new beliefs,values,and goals. 
B) It is associated with feelings of emptiness and uncertainty due to a lack of inner foundation. 
C) It occurs when a person discards old values and gets curious about other belief systems. 
D) It involves an incompatibility between two or more aspects of identity. 
A) It requires people to search for new beliefs,values,and goals. 
B) It is associated with feelings of emptiness and uncertainty due to a lack of inner foundation. 
C) It occurs when a person discards old values and gets curious about other belief systems. 
D) It involves an incompatibility between two or more aspects of identity.

People who experience discomfort related to social interactions score:

Perspective taking usually develops when a child is around _____ years old.

Which of the following is a characteristic of defensive pessimists?

A person who has a possible self of a musician:

In the context of Roy Baumeister's concept of identity crises,which of the following is a similarity between an identity deficit and an identity conflict?

According to psychologist Tory Higgins,which of the following terms refers to a person's understanding of what others want him or her to be?

Children who were shy as infants and overcame their shyness in later childhood:

When people behave in ways that are inconsistent with their self-concepts,_____.

The idea that identity remains relatively stable is described as identity:

Possible selves:

According to Ross,Liu,Tomfohr,and Miller (2013),which of the following statements is true about self-esteem variability?

Self-esteem level and self-esteem variability:

People _____ tend to respond to criticism with decreased motivation.

A person with many distinct aspects of his or her self-concept is best described as having:

Self-esteem is the sum of your _____ reactions to all the aspects of your self-concept.

In the context of the development of the self-concept,which of the following terms is defined as the ability to see oneself as others do or to step outside of oneself and imagine how one appears to other people?

Ages 5 or 6 onward,children begin to develop:

Which of the following is NOT a concrete step offered by Stocker to help decrease shyness?

An individual difference characteristic that refers to the magnitude of short-term fluctuations in ongoing self-esteem is known as:

In the context of Roy Baumeister's concept of identity crises,which of the following is a characteristic of an identity conflict?

Introduction to Personality Psychology

Personality Assessment, Measurement, and Research Design

Traits and Trait Taxonomies

Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology

Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability, Coherence, and Change

Genetics and Personality

Physiological Approaches to Personality

Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues

Motives and Personality

Cognitive Topics in Personality

Emotion and Personality

Personality and Social Interaction

Sex,Gender,and Personality

Culture and Personality

Stress,Coping,Adjustment,and Health

Disorders of Personality

Summary and Future Directions

Filters

Exam 14: Approaches to the Self

People who experience discomfort related to social interactions score:

Perspective taking usually develops when a child is around _____ years old.

Which of the following is a characteristic of defensive pessimists?

A person who has a possible self of a musician:

In the context of Roy Baumeister's concept of identity crises,which of the following is a similarity between an identity deficit and an identity conflict?

According to psychologist Tory Higgins,which of the following terms refers to a person's understanding of what others want him or her to be?

Children who were shy as infants and overcame their shyness in later childhood:

When people behave in ways that are inconsistent with their self-concepts,_____.

The idea that identity remains relatively stable is described as identity:

Possible selves:

According to Ross,Liu,Tomfohr,and Miller (2013),which of the following statements is true about self-esteem variability?

Self-esteem level and self-esteem variability:

People _____ tend to respond to criticism with decreased motivation.

A person with many distinct aspects of his or her self-concept is best described as having:

Self-esteem is the sum of your _____ reactions to all the aspects of your self-concept.

In the context of the development of the self-concept,which of the following terms is defined as the ability to see oneself as others do or to step outside of oneself and imagine how one appears to other people?

Ages 5 or 6 onward,children begin to develop:

Which of the following is NOT a concrete step offered by Stocker to help decrease shyness?

An individual difference characteristic that refers to the magnitude of short-term fluctuations in ongoing self-esteem is known as:

In the context of Roy Baumeister's concept of identity crises,which of the following is a characteristic of an identity conflict?

Introduction to Personality Psychology

Personality Assessment, Measurement, and Research Design

Traits and Trait Taxonomies

Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology

Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability, Coherence, and Change

Genetics and Personality

Physiological Approaches to Personality

Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality

Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues

Motives and Personality

Cognitive Topics in Personality

Emotion and Personality

Personality and Social Interaction

Sex,Gender,and Personality

Culture and Personality

Stress,Coping,Adjustment,and Health

Disorders of Personality

Summary and Future Directions

Filters