Question 1

Which of the following is a contraindication to implementing resistance exercise?

Accepted Answer

A) Risk of pathological fracture due to osteoporosis 
B) Joint instability 
C) Acute pain or inflammation 
D) Muscle soreness that occurs after a bout of exercise 
A) Risk of pathological fracture due to osteoporosis 
B) Joint instability 
C) Acute pain or inflammation 
D) Muscle soreness that occurs after a bout of exercise C

Question 2

To improve upper extremity strength, stability, and proprioception, during which of the following variations of push-ups does body weight provide the greatest resistance?

Accepted Answer

A) Bilateral wall push-ups while in a standing position and leaning into and pushing away from the wall 
B) Bilateral push-ups in a prone position, head down on an incline board with weight on hands and knees 
C) Bilateral push-ups while standing and leaning on the hands on a kitchen countertop 
D) Bilateral push-ups in a prone position with weight on the hands and knees 
A) Bilateral wall push-ups while in a standing position and leaning into and pushing away from the wall 
B) Bilateral push-ups in a prone position, head down on an incline board with weight on hands and knees 
C) Bilateral push-ups while standing and leaning on the hands on a kitchen countertop 
D) Bilateral push-ups in a prone position with weight on the hands and knees B

Question 3

Of the following, which is the best definition of an "8 RM"?

Accepted Answer

A) The number of repetitions of a particular exercise a patient can perform in 8 seconds against a specific load (amount of resistance) 
B) The number of sets (bouts) of a specific exercise a patient can perform for 8 repetitions 
C) The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM in 8 seconds 
D) The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM for 8 repetitions (no more, no less) 
A) The number of repetitions of a particular exercise a patient can perform in 8 seconds against a specific load (amount of resistance) 
B) The number of sets (bouts) of a specific exercise a patient can perform for 8 repetitions 
C) The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM in 8 seconds 
D) The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM for 8 repetitions (no more, no less) D

Question 4

Your patient is lying supine and you are strengthening the iliopsoas on the (R) using manual resistance.The main reason you would want to place the patient's (L) hip and knee in flexion (foot planted on the table) is to:

Accepted Answer

A) Stretch the erector spinae muscles in the lumbar region of the back. 
B) Improve the mechanical efficiency of the iliopsoas on the (R). 
C) Stabilize the pelvis in a neutral to posteriorly rotated position to lessen the possibility of an anterior pelvic tilt occurring, placing stress on the low back. 
D) Place the pelvis in a slight anterior tilt so the trunk is more stable and the iliopsoas can generate greater tension. 
A) Stretch the erector spinae muscles in the lumbar region of the back. 
B) Improve the mechanical efficiency of the iliopsoas on the (R). 
C) Stabilize the pelvis in a neutral to posteriorly rotated position to lessen the possibility of an anterior pelvic tilt occurring, placing stress on the low back. 
D) Place the pelvis in a slight anterior tilt so the trunk is more stable and the iliopsoas can generate greater tension.

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding closed-chain exercise?

Accepted Answer

A) It is less effective for developing co-activation of muscle groups and dynamic stability than open-chain training. 
B) Muscles develop strength more quickly than with open-chain exercise. 
C) It is a better choice than open-chain exercise to isolate and train weak muscle groups. 
D) Against similar exercise loads, it causes lower levels of shear in the joint than open-chain exercise. 
A) It is less effective for developing co-activation of muscle groups and dynamic stability than open-chain training. 
B) Muscles develop strength more quickly than with open-chain exercise. 
C) It is a better choice than open-chain exercise to isolate and train weak muscle groups. 
D) Against similar exercise loads, it causes lower levels of shear in the joint than open-chain exercise.

Question 6

To strengthen the posterior tibialis using manual resistance, have the patient assume a long sitting position on a table or mat.Support and hold the lower leg with one hand and:

Accepted Answer

A) Apply resistance to the plantar and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient plantar flexes and inverts the ankle and foot. 
B) Apply resistance to the plantar and lateral surfaces of the foot at the fifth metatarsal as the patient plantar flexes and everts the ankle and foot. 
C) Apply resistance to the dorsal and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient dorsiflexes and inverts the ankle and foot. 
D) Apply resistance to the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the foot at the fifth metatarsal as the patient dorsiflexes and everts the ankle and foot. 
A) Apply resistance to the plantar and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient plantar flexes and inverts the ankle and foot. 
B) Apply resistance to the plantar and lateral surfaces of the foot at the fifth metatarsal as the patient plantar flexes and everts the ankle and foot. 
C) Apply resistance to the dorsal and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient dorsiflexes and inverts the ankle and foot. 
D) Apply resistance to the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the foot at the fifth metatarsal as the patient dorsiflexes and everts the ankle and foot.

Question 7

Within 1 week of beginning resistance exercise of the shoulder external rotators as a component of a rehabilitation program after a shoulder injury, your patient, Mr.K, is able to increase the level of resistance by using a heavier grade of elastic tubing.This improvement in muscle performance is due primarily to which of the following adaptive changes?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased recruitment of motor units 
B) Increased oxygen to the muscle 
C) Hypertrophy of muscle fibers 
D) Fiber-type transformation from slow twitch to fast twitch 
A) Increased recruitment of motor units 
B) Increased oxygen to the muscle 
C) Hypertrophy of muscle fibers 
D) Fiber-type transformation from slow twitch to fast twitch

Question 8

Which of the following describes the research evidence regarding the effective treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) once it occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) Modalities consisting of electrical stimulation and cold are the only treatments that are consistently effective at reducing muscle soreness experienced with DOMS. 
B) Postexercise massage reduces both the signs and symptoms of DOMS in the elite athlete but not in the casual athlete. 
C) Use of compression sleeves on the affected muscles improves the strength deficits that occur as a result of DOMS. 
D) Continuation of the training program that has induced DOMS does not worsen the muscle damage or slow the process of recovery. 
A) Modalities consisting of electrical stimulation and cold are the only treatments that are consistently effective at reducing muscle soreness experienced with DOMS. 
B) Postexercise massage reduces both the signs and symptoms of DOMS in the elite athlete but not in the casual athlete. 
C) Use of compression sleeves on the affected muscles improves the strength deficits that occur as a result of DOMS. 
D) Continuation of the training program that has induced DOMS does not worsen the muscle damage or slow the process of recovery.

Question 9

You test the muscle strength of the middle deltoid and determine it to be 2/5.The goal of an exercise you are having a patient do is to increase muscular endurance of the middle deltoid.Of the exercises described, which is most appropriate to meet the goal at this point in the exercise program?

Accepted Answer

A) Place the patient in a side-lying position and have her actively abduct the arm without assistance as many times as possible. 
B) Place the patient in a sitting position with the elbow flexed and have her abduct the arm through the full ROM 8 to 10 times against light resistance. 
C) Place the patient in a supine position on a large mat.As you support the weight of the arm, have the patient abduct the arm through a full ROM as many times as possible against a minimal amount of manual resistance. 
D) Have the patient assume the supine position.Provide as much assistance as needed to enable the patient to flex the shoulder from 0° to 90° for as many repetitions as possible. 
A) Place the patient in a side-lying position and have her actively abduct the arm without assistance as many times as possible. 
B) Place the patient in a sitting position with the elbow flexed and have her abduct the arm through the full ROM 8 to 10 times against light resistance. 
C) Place the patient in a supine position on a large mat.As you support the weight of the arm, have the patient abduct the arm through a full ROM as many times as possible against a minimal amount of manual resistance. 
D) Have the patient assume the supine position.Provide as much assistance as needed to enable the patient to flex the shoulder from 0° to 90° for as many repetitions as possible.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes cross-training or cross-exercise, a phenomenon that has been observed as a result of resistance training?

Accepted Answer

A) When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle, the antagonist to that muscle also shows an increase in strength. 
B) When exercise is carried out concentrically against resistance, an increase in eccentric muscle strength in the same leg also occurs. 
C) When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle group on the right side of the body, small gains in strength occur in the same unexercised muscle on the opposite side of the body. 
D) When training is carried out for the purpose of developing strength, muscular endurance also develops in that same muscle. 
A) When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle, the antagonist to that muscle also shows an increase in strength. 
B) When exercise is carried out concentrically against resistance, an increase in eccentric muscle strength in the same leg also occurs. 
C) When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle group on the right side of the body, small gains in strength occur in the same unexercised muscle on the opposite side of the body. 
D) When training is carried out for the purpose of developing strength, muscular endurance also develops in that same muscle.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding isokinetic exercise?

Accepted Answer

A) Joint compressive forces increase with increased velocity of exercise. 
B) Load is dependent on the velocity of limb movement through the arc of motion. 
C) Slow-velocity training is more appropriate for carryover to functional activities than medium and fast velocities. 
D) Depending on the type of isokinetic dynamometer used, the rate of limb movement may range from 0° to 500° per minute. 
A) Joint compressive forces increase with increased velocity of exercise. 
B) Load is dependent on the velocity of limb movement through the arc of motion. 
C) Slow-velocity training is more appropriate for carryover to functional activities than medium and fast velocities. 
D) Depending on the type of isokinetic dynamometer used, the rate of limb movement may range from 0° to 500° per minute.

Question 12

A patient had surgery and 8 weeks of rehabilitation for carpal tunnel syndrome.You notice that the patient's thenar eminence is almost the same size as that of the uninvolved hand.This change is due to which of the following adaptive changes?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased recruitment of motor units 
B) Hyperplasia of muscle fibers 
C) Hypertrophy of muscle fibers 
D) Fiber-type transformation 
A) Increased recruitment of motor units 
B) Hyperplasia of muscle fibers 
C) Hypertrophy of muscle fibers 
D) Fiber-type transformation

Question 13

Which of the following is the most efficient way to neutralize the effects of muscle fatigue during an exercise session?

Accepted Answer

A) Perform active exercises during the rest interval between sets 
B) Stop all exercise and rest completely between sets 
C) Apply cold to the muscle/muscle groups between sets 
D) Massage the muscles between sets 
A) Perform active exercises during the rest interval between sets 
B) Stop all exercise and rest completely between sets 
C) Apply cold to the muscle/muscle groups between sets 
D) Massage the muscles between sets

Question 14

You have a patient assume a prone-lying position and prop symmetrically on his forearms.You apply manual resistance in several directions at the shoulder girdles as you ask the patient to hold (maintain) the symmetrical position.This technique is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) Agonist-contraction. 
B) Rhythmic stabilization. 
C) Recurrent facilitation. 
D) Repeated contractions. 
A) Agonist-contraction. 
B) Rhythmic stabilization. 
C) Recurrent facilitation. 
D) Repeated contractions.

Question 15

All of the following are true of the repetition maximum (RM) except:

Accepted Answer

A) RM can be used to document a baseline for a muscle group's dynamic strength. 
B) A 1-RM can be mathematically calculated from a patient's ability to perform multiple reps at a reduced load. 
C) Establishing a 1-RM involves trial and error and so has been determined to be invalid for use in research studies for resistance training. 
D) RM is an effective way to determine an appropriate exercise load to begin and progress strength training. 
A) RM can be used to document a baseline for a muscle group's dynamic strength. 
B) A 1-RM can be mathematically calculated from a patient's ability to perform multiple reps at a reduced load. 
C) Establishing a 1-RM involves trial and error and so has been determined to be invalid for use in research studies for resistance training. 
D) RM is an effective way to determine an appropriate exercise load to begin and progress strength training.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of resistance training for the patient with known osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Safe resistance training imposes only submaximal loads-no more than the patient encounters during activities of daily living. 
B) Only isometric exercises should be prescribed in order to eliminate torque on the bones. 
C) Evidence has shown that resistance exercise is an essential element in the rehabilitation, conditioning, and aerobic programs of patients both at risk for and with known osteoporosis. 
D) Resistance training is contraindicated for patients with known osteoporosis due to the risk of pathological stress fracture. 
A) Safe resistance training imposes only submaximal loads-no more than the patient encounters during activities of daily living. 
B) Only isometric exercises should be prescribed in order to eliminate torque on the bones. 
C) Evidence has shown that resistance exercise is an essential element in the rehabilitation, conditioning, and aerobic programs of patients both at risk for and with known osteoporosis. 
D) Resistance training is contraindicated for patients with known osteoporosis due to the risk of pathological stress fracture.

Question 17

When applying manual resistance to the upper extremity using the D₁ extension pattern (PNF), the muscle groups being facilitated (strengthened) are the shoulder extensors and the:

Accepted Answer

A) Adductors, internal rotators, and wrist and finger flexors. 
B) Abductors, external rotators, and wrist and finger extensors. 
C) Adductors, external rotators, and wrist and finger flexors. 
D) Abductors, internal rotators, and wrist and finger extensors. 
A) Adductors, internal rotators, and wrist and finger flexors. 
B) Abductors, external rotators, and wrist and finger extensors. 
C) Adductors, external rotators, and wrist and finger flexors. 
D) Abductors, internal rotators, and wrist and finger extensors.

Question 18

Your goal is to improve lower extremity proprioception, balance, and strength.Which of the following closed-chain exercises is the most challenging?

Accepted Answer

A) Have the patient stand on one foot on a piece of foam and maintain his balance. 
B) Have the patient kneel in an upright position on a piece of foam and shift his weight from side to side. 
C) Have the patient stand on the floor on one leg and maintain his balance. 
D) Have the patient stand on the floor with weight equally distributed on both feet and throw and catch a ball. 
A) Have the patient stand on one foot on a piece of foam and maintain his balance. 
B) Have the patient kneel in an upright position on a piece of foam and shift his weight from side to side. 
C) Have the patient stand on the floor on one leg and maintain his balance. 
D) Have the patient stand on the floor with weight equally distributed on both feet and throw and catch a ball.

Question 19

You are designing an exercise program for a patient with a history of hypertension.Which of the following types of exercise is associated with the highest risk of causing an increase in blood pressure during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A) Isokinetic exercise at medium to fast velocities 
B) High-effort isometric exercise 
C) Muscle setting exercises 
D) High-effort dynamic resistance exercise 
A) Isokinetic exercise at medium to fast velocities 
B) High-effort isometric exercise 
C) Muscle setting exercises 
D) High-effort dynamic resistance exercise

Question 20

It has been shown that after performing resistance exercise to the point of exhaustion, recovery from exercise (recovery from fatigue) occurs most efficiently if:

Accepted Answer

A) The fatigued muscle rests completely during recovery. 
B) Cold is applied to the fatigued muscle. 
C) The patient performs low-intensity, active exercise using the fatigued muscle. 
D) The muscle is passively stretched during recovery. 
A) The fatigued muscle rests completely during recovery. 
B) Cold is applied to the fatigued muscle. 
C) The patient performs low-intensity, active exercise using the fatigued muscle. 
D) The muscle is passively stretched during recovery.

Exam 6: Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance

Which of the following is a contraindication to implementing resistance exercise?

To improve upper extremity strength, stability, and proprioception, during which of the following variations of push-ups does body weight provide the greatest resistance?

Of the following, which is the best definition of an "8 RM"?

Your patient is lying supine and you are strengthening the iliopsoas on the (R) using manual resistance.The main reason you would want to place the patient's (L) hip and knee in flexion (foot planted on the table) is to:

Which of the following is true regarding closed-chain exercise?

To strengthen the posterior tibialis using manual resistance, have the patient assume a long sitting position on a table or mat.Support and hold the lower leg with one hand and:

Which of the following describes the research evidence regarding the effective treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) once it occurs?

You test the muscle strength of the middle deltoid and determine it to be 2/5.The goal of an exercise you are having a patient do is to increase muscular endurance of the middle deltoid.Of the exercises described, which is most appropriate to meet the goal at this point in the exercise program?

Which of the following best describes cross-training or cross-exercise, a phenomenon that has been observed as a result of resistance training?

Which of the following is true regarding isokinetic exercise?

A patient had surgery and 8 weeks of rehabilitation for carpal tunnel syndrome.You notice that the patient's thenar eminence is almost the same size as that of the uninvolved hand.This change is due to which of the following adaptive changes?

Which of the following is the most efficient way to neutralize the effects of muscle fatigue during an exercise session?

You have a patient assume a prone-lying position and prop symmetrically on his forearms.You apply manual resistance in several directions at the shoulder girdles as you ask the patient to hold (maintain) the symmetrical position.This technique is known as:

All of the following are true of the repetition maximum (RM) except:

Which of the following is true of resistance training for the patient with known osteoporosis?

When applying manual resistance to the upper extremity using the D₁ extension pattern (PNF), the muscle groups being facilitated (strengthened) are the shoulder extensors and the:

Your goal is to improve lower extremity proprioception, balance, and strength.Which of the following closed-chain exercises is the most challenging?

You are designing an exercise program for a patient with a history of hypertension.Which of the following types of exercise is associated with the highest risk of causing an increase in blood pressure during exercise?

It has been shown that after performing resistance exercise to the point of exhaustion, recovery from exercise (recovery from fatigue) occurs most efficiently if:

Therapeutic Exercise: Foundational Concepts

Prevention, Health, and Wellness

Range of Motion

Stretching for Improved Mobility

Peripheral Joint Mobilizationmanipulation

Principles of Aerobic Exercise

Exercise for Impaired Balance

Aquatic Exercise

Soft Tissue Injury, Repair, and Management

Joint, Connective Tissue, and Bone Disorders and Management

Surgical Interventions and Postoperative Management

Peripheral Nerve Disorders and Management

The Spine: Structure, Function, and Posture

The Spine: Management Guidelines

The Spine: Exercise and Manipulation Interventions

The Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle

The Elbow and Forearm Complex

The Wrist and Hand

The Hip

The Knee

The Ankle and Foot

Advanced Functional Training

Exercise in the Older Adult

Womens Health: Obstetrics and Pelvic Floor

Management of Lymphatic Disorders

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