Exam 7: Becoming Gendered: The Early Years
Define the following
-Identification
Identification is an unconscious process in which children learn gendered expectations by modeling their behavior after important people in their lives.Usually identification occurs with the mother initially.Girls tend to continue to identify with mothers and boys tend to separate from their mothers around age three.
Define ego boundaries and explain how they typically develop in masculine and feminine people,noting both similarities and differences in development.
Ego boundaries are the point at which an individual stops and the rest of the world (and other people)begins.They distinguish the self from others and others' concerns and lives.Generally,feminine people (often women)have more thin,or permeable,ego boundaries than masculine people (often men),due to feminine socialization that does not emphasize differentiation between the self and the mother.Generally,masculine people's ego boundaries are thicker,or more rigid,than those of feminine people,due to masculine socialization that rigidly distinguishes between the self and the mother.Those with thin ego boundaries typically empathize and identify more with others and experience the feelings of intimates more as their own than those with thick ego boundaries do.People with rigid ego boundaries generally feel less responsible for others than those with permeable boundaries,although this should not suggest that masculine people do not care about others and want to help them with problems.
In the United States,a current theme in views of femininity is that women should establish closeness through talking with others in large relational networks.
False
A person's private sense of,and subjective experience of,his or her gender is called
According to psychoanalytical theory,how do most boys develop their gender identity?
Children tend to be socialized into very strict gender roles.This socialization process and these expectations tend to be especially difficult for children who are gay,lesbian,bisexual,transgendered,intersexed,or otherwise genderqueer.Give an example of two specific difficulties that queer kids may face growing up as well as a potential response to help ease each issue,explaining how the response would directly impact the issue.
Allison is a thirty-year-old mother of two young sons.She and her partner,Mike,both have full time jobs.At work,Allison constantly feels pressure to work hard for promotion to the next level in her career.At home,she worries frequently that she's not spending enough time with her sons and that her house is never clean enough.What theme of cultural expectations of women is Allison experiencing?
Men in the United States are seen as failing at masculinity if they try to transcend traditional notions of masculinity.
According to psychoanalytic theory,families play a critical role in the formation of gender identity.
Which of the following is generally true of mothers' communication with their children?
Though many things have changed about gender over time,appearance is still a primary measure and marker of femininity.
Newborn baby girls are frequently described as strong,big,active,and alert by their parents.
Derek is frustrated because his girlfriend wants him to speak openly about his feelings, but his male friends make fun of him for showing.Which of the following elements of masculine socialization in the United States best describes both of these pressures Derek feels?
Even when people Kathy hardly knows tell her about their emotions and private lives she feels very connected to them.Kathy could be described as
The point at which an individual stops and the rest of the world begins is called a(n)
Before leaving for work every morning,Laura spends about 90 minutes styling her hair and applying her makeup.Before bed each night,she carefully selects the outfit she will wear to work in the morning.At Laura's office,the list of requirements for women in the dress code is two pages long.The requirements for men fill barely half a page.Which theme of femininity does this describe?
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