Question 1

A person who has cholera (Vibrio cholerae) would be expected to have which type of diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A) Osmotic 
B) Secretory 
C) Small volume 
D) Motility 
A) Osmotic 
B) Secretory 
C) Small volume 
D) Motility

Question 2

An intestinal obstruction at the pylorus or high in the small intestine causes metabolic alkalosis by causing which outcome?

Accepted Answer

A) Gain of bicarbonate from pancreatic secretions that cannot be absorbed 
B) Excessive loss of hydrogen ions normally absorbed from gastric juices 
C) Excessive loss of potassium, promoting atony of the intestinal wall 
D) Loss of bile acid secretions that cannot be absorbed 
A) Gain of bicarbonate from pancreatic secretions that cannot be absorbed 
B) Excessive loss of hydrogen ions normally absorbed from gastric juices 
C) Excessive loss of potassium, promoting atony of the intestinal wall 
D) Loss of bile acid secretions that cannot be absorbed

Question 3

How can abdominal pain that is visceral in nature best be described?

Accepted Answer

A) Diffuse, vague, poorly localized, and dull 
B) It travels from a specific organ to the spinal cord. 
C) The pain lateralizes from only one side of the nervous system. 
D) Associated with the peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract 
A) Diffuse, vague, poorly localized, and dull 
B) It travels from a specific organ to the spinal cord. 
C) The pain lateralizes from only one side of the nervous system. 
D) Associated with the peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 4

A patient asks the healthcare professional to describe the cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What response by the professional is best?

Accepted Answer

A) Excessive production of hydrochloric acid 
B) Zone of low pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter 
C) Presence of Helicobacter pylori in the esophagus 
D) Reverse muscular peristalsis of the esophagus 
A) Excessive production of hydrochloric acid 
B) Zone of low pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter 
C) Presence of Helicobacter pylori in the esophagus 
D) Reverse muscular peristalsis of the esophagus

Question 5

What information does the student learn about parietal pain? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Parietal pain arises from the parietal peritoneum. 
B) It is generally more localized than visceral pain. 
C) Parietal pain is usually less intense than visceral pain. 
D) Nerve fibers that travel to the spinal cord are involved in parietal pain. 
E) Parietal pain corresponds to dermatomes T6 and L1. 
A) Parietal pain arises from the parietal peritoneum. 
B) It is generally more localized than visceral pain. 
C) Parietal pain is usually less intense than visceral pain. 
D) Nerve fibers that travel to the spinal cord are involved in parietal pain. 
E) Parietal pain corresponds to dermatomes T6 and L1.

Question 6

A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review?

Accepted Answer

A) Bleeding from duodenal ulcers causes hematemesis or melena. 
B) Gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid. 
C) The characteristic pain begins 30 min to 2 hours after eating 
D) Duodenal ulcers occur with greater frequency than other types of peptic ulcers. 
A) Bleeding from duodenal ulcers causes hematemesis or melena. 
B) Gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid. 
C) The characteristic pain begins 30 min to 2 hours after eating 
D) Duodenal ulcers occur with greater frequency than other types of peptic ulcers.

Question 7

How many stools per day are considered the upper limits of normal?

Accepted Answer

A) Two 
B) Three 
C) Five 
D) Seven 
A) Two 
B) Three 
C) Five 
D) Seven

Question 8

Hepatic fat accumulation is observed in which form of cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Biliary 
B) Metabolic 
C) Postnecrotic 
D) Alcoholic 
A) Biliary 
B) Metabolic 
C) Postnecrotic 
D) Alcoholic

Question 9

After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Excessive relaxation of gastric and vascular smooth muscles 
B) Postoperative hemorrhage 
C) Concentrated food bolus, causing hyperglycemia 
D) Rapid gastric emptying 
A) Excessive relaxation of gastric and vascular smooth muscles 
B) Postoperative hemorrhage 
C) Concentrated food bolus, causing hyperglycemia 
D) Rapid gastric emptying

Question 10

A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Vomiting 
B) Dehydration 
C) Electrolyte imbalances 
D) Distention 
A) Vomiting 
B) Dehydration 
C) Electrolyte imbalances 
D) Distention

Question 11

A patient has chronic gastritis. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient on?

Accepted Answer

A) Antibiotic therapy 
B) Corticosteroids 
C) Vitamin B12 injections 
D) Pancreatic enzyme replacement 
A) Antibiotic therapy 
B) Corticosteroids 
C) Vitamin B12 injections 
D) Pancreatic enzyme replacement

Question 12

A patient reports feeling constipated. When assessing this patient, how often should the patient report bowel movements to be considered within the normal range?

Accepted Answer

A) Once a day 
B) Once every 2 days 
C) Once a week 
D) Once every 2 weeks 
A) Once a day 
B) Once every 2 days 
C) Once a week 
D) Once every 2 weeks

Question 13

What type of diarrhea is a result of lactase deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) Motility 
B) Osmotic 
C) Secretory 
D) Small-volume 
A) Motility 
B) Osmotic 
C) Secretory 
D) Small-volume

Question 14

A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

A) Autoimmune process with IgG attacking pancreatic acinar cells 
B) It is usually a severe disease with a high mortality rate. 
C) Pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues. 
D) Oversecretion of pancreatic enzymes and malnutrition 
A) Autoimmune process with IgG attacking pancreatic acinar cells 
B) It is usually a severe disease with a high mortality rate. 
C) Pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues. 
D) Oversecretion of pancreatic enzymes and malnutrition

Exam 42: Alterations of Digestive Function

A person who has cholera (Vibrio cholerae) would be expected to have which type of diarrhea?

An intestinal obstruction at the pylorus or high in the small intestine causes metabolic alkalosis by causing which outcome?

How can abdominal pain that is visceral in nature best be described?

A patient asks the healthcare professional to describe the cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What response by the professional is best?

What information does the student learn about parietal pain? (Select all that apply.)

A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review?

How many stools per day are considered the upper limits of normal?

Hepatic fat accumulation is observed in which form of cirrhosis?

After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?

A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition?

A patient has chronic gastritis. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient on?

A patient reports feeling constipated. When assessing this patient, how often should the patient report bowel movements to be considered within the normal range?

What type of diarrhea is a result of lactase deficiency?

A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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