Question 1

Th2 cells produce IL-4 and suppress which cells?

Accepted Answer

A) B lymphocytes 
B) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
C) Th1 cells 
D) Memory T lymphocytes 
A) B lymphocytes 
B) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
C) Th1 cells 
D) Memory T lymphocytes C

Question 2

Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate?

Accepted Answer

A) The antibodies enter into the fetal circulation by means of active transport. 
B) The antibodies are transferred to the fetus via the lymphatic system. 
C) The antibodies are directly related to the mother's nutritional intake. 
D) The antibodies reach protective levels after approximately 6 months of age. 
A) The antibodies enter into the fetal circulation by means of active transport. 
B) The antibodies are transferred to the fetus via the lymphatic system. 
C) The antibodies are directly related to the mother's nutritional intake. 
D) The antibodies reach protective levels after approximately 6 months of age. A

Question 3

Where are antibodies produced?

Accepted Answer

A) Helper T lymphocytes 
B) Thymus gland 
C) Plasma cells 
D) Bone marrow 
A) Helper T lymphocytes 
B) Thymus gland 
C) Plasma cells 
D) Bone marrow C

Question 4

Which statements are true concerning the humoral immune response? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) The humoral immune response is divided into major and minor phases. 
B) The response has IgG and IgM produced during each of its phrases. 
C) It has a greater presence of IgG than IgM in one of its phases. 
D) The humoral immune response is produced in reaction to the presence of an antigen. 
E) Phases differ in their response time as a result of the effect of memory cells. 
A) The humoral immune response is divided into major and minor phases. 
B) The response has IgG and IgM produced during each of its phrases. 
C) It has a greater presence of IgG than IgM in one of its phases. 
D) The humoral immune response is produced in reaction to the presence of an antigen. 
E) Phases differ in their response time as a result of the effect of memory cells.

Question 5

Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of what?

Accepted Answer

A) Strong response from IgM 
B) Level of protection provided by IgG 
C) Memory cells for IgE 
D) Rapid response from IgA 
A) Strong response from IgM 
B) Level of protection provided by IgG 
C) Memory cells for IgE 
D) Rapid response from IgA

Question 6

Antibodies that are associated with mucosal immune system, such as immunoglobulins, function to prevent which type of infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Infections that attack the respiratory system 
B) Infections that tend to be chronic in nature 
C) Infections likely to be resistant to antibiotics 
D) Infections that focus on epithelial surfaces of the body 
A) Infections that attack the respiratory system 
B) Infections that tend to be chronic in nature 
C) Infections likely to be resistant to antibiotics 
D) Infections that focus on epithelial surfaces of the body

Question 7

Which T cell controls or limits the immune response to protect the host's own tissues against an autoimmune response?

Accepted Answer

A) Cytotoxic T cells 
B) Th1 cells 
C) Th2 cells 
D) Regulatory T (Treg) cells 
A) Cytotoxic T cells 
B) Th1 cells 
C) Th2 cells 
D) Regulatory T (Treg) cells

Question 8

What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A) Passive-acquired immunity 
B) Active-acquired immunity 
C) Passive-innate immunity 
D) Active-innate immunity 
A) Passive-acquired immunity 
B) Active-acquired immunity 
C) Passive-innate immunity 
D) Active-innate immunity

Question 9

The functions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and CD1 molecules are alike because both do what?

Accepted Answer

A) Are antigen-presenting molecules 
B) Bind antigens to antibodies 
C) Secrete interleukins during the immune process 
D) Are capable of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
A) Are antigen-presenting molecules 
B) Bind antigens to antibodies 
C) Secrete interleukins during the immune process 
D) Are capable of activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Question 10

CD4 is a characteristic surface marker and a result of which of these? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Activity in the primary lymphoid organs 
B) Process of cellular differentiation 
C) Alterations to T cells 
D) Changes to B cells 
E) Clonal selection 
A) Activity in the primary lymphoid organs 
B) Process of cellular differentiation 
C) Alterations to T cells 
D) Changes to B cells 
E) Clonal selection

Question 11

The generation of clonal diversity occurs primarily during which phase of life?

Accepted Answer

A) Fetal 
B) Neonatal 
C) Infancy 
D) Puberty 
A) Fetal 
B) Neonatal 
C) Infancy 
D) Puberty

Question 12

Cytokines are vital to a cell's ability to do which function?

Accepted Answer

A) Excrete 
B) Reproduce 
C) Metabolize 
D) Communicate 
A) Excrete 
B) Reproduce 
C) Metabolize 
D) Communicate

Question 13

What is the term for the process during which lymphoid stem cells migrate and change into either immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Clonal diversity 
B) Clonal differentiation 
C) Clonal selection 
D) Clonal competence 
A) Clonal diversity 
B) Clonal differentiation 
C) Clonal selection 
D) Clonal competence

Question 14

Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions?

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM

Question 15

Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?

Accepted Answer

A) Passive-acquired immunity 
B) Active-acquired immunity 
C) Passive-innate immunity 
D) Active-innate immunity 
A) Passive-acquired immunity 
B) Active-acquired immunity 
C) Passive-innate immunity 
D) Active-innate immunity

Question 16

Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?

Accepted Answer

A) Yeast 
B) Cancer cells 
C) Bacteria 
D) Fungus 
A) Yeast 
B) Cancer cells 
C) Bacteria 
D) Fungus

Question 17

How do antibodies protect the host from bacterial toxins?

Accepted Answer

A) Lysing the cell membrane of the toxins 
B) Binding to the toxins to neutralize their biologic effects 
C) Inhibiting the synthesis of DNA proteins needed for growth 
D) Interfering with the DNA enzyme needed for replication 
A) Lysing the cell membrane of the toxins 
B) Binding to the toxins to neutralize their biologic effects 
C) Inhibiting the synthesis of DNA proteins needed for growth 
D) Interfering with the DNA enzyme needed for replication

Question 18

Which antibody initially indicates a typical primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) IgG 
B) IgM 
C) IgA 
D) IgE 
A) IgG 
B) IgM 
C) IgA 
D) IgE

Question 19

Which is an example of a bacterial toxin that has been inactivated but still retains its immunogenicity to protect the person? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Poliomyelitis 
B) Measles 
C) Tetanus 
D) Gonorrhea 
E) Diphtheria 
A) Poliomyelitis 
B) Measles 
C) Tetanus 
D) Gonorrhea 
E) Diphtheria

Question 20

Evaluation of umbilical cord blood can confirm that which immunoglobulin level is near adult levels?

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgG 
C) IgM 
D) IgE 
A) IgA 
B) IgG 
C) IgM 
D) IgE

Exam 8: Adaptive Immunity

Th2 cells produce IL-4 and suppress which cells?

Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate?

Where are antibodies produced?

Which statements are true concerning the humoral immune response? (Select all that apply.)

Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of what?

Antibodies that are associated with mucosal immune system, such as immunoglobulins, function to prevent which type of infections?

Which T cell controls or limits the immune response to protect the host's own tissues against an autoimmune response?

What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?

The functions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and CD1 molecules are alike because both do what?

CD4 is a characteristic surface marker and a result of which of these? (Select all that apply.)

The generation of clonal diversity occurs primarily during which phase of life?

Cytokines are vital to a cell's ability to do which function?

What is the term for the process during which lymphoid stem cells migrate and change into either immunocompetent T cells or immunocompetent B cells?

Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions?

Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen?

Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?

How do antibodies protect the host from bacterial toxins?

Which antibody initially indicates a typical primary immune response?

Which is an example of a bacterial toxin that has been inactivated but still retains its immunogenicity to protect the person? (Select all that apply.)

Evaluation of umbilical cord blood can confirm that which immunoglobulin level is near adult levels?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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