Question 1

Bladder cancer is associated with the gene mutation of which gene?

Accepted Answer

A) c-erbB2 
B) Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) 
C) TP53 
D) myc 
A) c-erbB2 
B) Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) 
C) TP53 
D) myc

Question 2

An 85-year-old person has a urinary tract infection. What clinical manifestation does the healthcare professional expect to see in this person?

Accepted Answer

A) Confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort 
B) Dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain 
C) Hematuria and flank pain 
D) Pyuria, urgency, and frequency 
A) Confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort 
B) Dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain 
C) Hematuria and flank pain 
D) Pyuria, urgency, and frequency

Question 3

How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose has an osmotic effect, which attracts water and sodium, resulting in more dilute blood and a lower potassium concentration. 
B) When insulin transports glucose into the cell, it also carries potassium with it. 
C) Potassium attaches to receptors on the cell membrane of glucose and is carried into the cell. 
D) Increasing insulin causes ketoacidosis, which causes potassium to move into the cell in exchange for hydrogen. 
A) Glucose has an osmotic effect, which attracts water and sodium, resulting in more dilute blood and a lower potassium concentration. 
B) When insulin transports glucose into the cell, it also carries potassium with it. 
C) Potassium attaches to receptors on the cell membrane of glucose and is carried into the cell. 
D) Increasing insulin causes ketoacidosis, which causes potassium to move into the cell in exchange for hydrogen.

Question 4

Creatinine is primarily excreted by glomerular filtration after being constantly released from what type of tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) Nervous system 
B) Kidneys 
C) Muscle 
D) Liver 
A) Nervous system 
B) Kidneys 
C) Muscle 
D) Liver

Question 5

The student asks the professor to explain the role of pyrophosphate, potassium citrate, and magnesium in the formation of kidney stones. What response by the professor is best?

Accepted Answer

A) They inhibit crystal growth. 
B) They stimulate the supersaturation of salt. 
C) They facilitate the precipitation of salts. 
D) They enhance crystallization of salt crystals. 
A) They inhibit crystal growth. 
B) They stimulate the supersaturation of salt. 
C) They facilitate the precipitation of salts. 
D) They enhance crystallization of salt crystals.

Question 6

A patient who has chronic kidney disease has hemoglobin of 7.2 mg/dL. What treatment does the healthcare professional prepare the patient for?

Accepted Answer

A) Intrinsic factor 
B) Vitamin B12 
C) Vitamin D 
D) Erythropoietin 
A) Intrinsic factor 
B) Vitamin B12 
C) Vitamin D 
D) Erythropoietin

Question 7

Prerenal injury from poor perfusion can result from which conditions? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Bilateral ureteral obstruction 
B) Renal vasoconstriction 
C) Renal artery thrombosis 
D) Hemorrhage 
E) Hypotension 
A) Bilateral ureteral obstruction 
B) Renal vasoconstriction 
C) Renal artery thrombosis 
D) Hemorrhage 
E) Hypotension

Question 8

In glomerulonephritis, what damages the epithelial cells resulting in proteinuria? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Ischemia 
B) Lysosomal enzymes 
C) Compression from edema 
D) Activated complement 
E) Altered membrane permeability 
A) Ischemia 
B) Lysosomal enzymes 
C) Compression from edema 
D) Activated complement 
E) Altered membrane permeability

Question 9

Hypothyroidism, edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria characterize which kidney disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) Nephrotic syndrome 
B) Acute glomerulonephritis 
C) Chronic glomerulonephritis 
D) Pyelonephritis 
A) Nephrotic syndrome 
B) Acute glomerulonephritis 
C) Chronic glomerulonephritis 
D) Pyelonephritis

Question 10

What are considered risk factors for developing bladder and kidney cancers? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Cigarette smoking 
B) Hypertension 
C) Exposure to arsenic 
D) Below normal body weight 
E) Male gender 
A) Cigarette smoking 
B) Hypertension 
C) Exposure to arsenic 
D) Below normal body weight 
E) Male gender

Question 11

Which statements are true concerning struvite stones? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) They are more common in women than in men. 
B) Struvite stones are associated with chronic laxative use in women. 
C) They grow large and branch into a staghorn configuration in renal pelvis and calyces. 
D) They are closely associated with urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing bacteria 
E) They are more common in men than in women. 
A) They are more common in women than in men. 
B) Struvite stones are associated with chronic laxative use in women. 
C) They grow large and branch into a staghorn configuration in renal pelvis and calyces. 
D) They are closely associated with urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing bacteria 
E) They are more common in men than in women.

Exam 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Bladder cancer is associated with the gene mutation of which gene?

An 85-year-old person has a urinary tract infection. What clinical manifestation does the healthcare professional expect to see in this person?

How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure?

Creatinine is primarily excreted by glomerular filtration after being constantly released from what type of tissue?

The student asks the professor to explain the role of pyrophosphate, potassium citrate, and magnesium in the formation of kidney stones. What response by the professor is best?

A patient who has chronic kidney disease has hemoglobin of 7.2 mg/dL. What treatment does the healthcare professional prepare the patient for?

Prerenal injury from poor perfusion can result from which conditions? (Select all that apply.)

In glomerulonephritis, what damages the epithelial cells resulting in proteinuria? (Select all that apply.)

Hypothyroidism, edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria characterize which kidney disorder?

What are considered risk factors for developing bladder and kidney cancers? (Select all that apply.)

Which statements are true concerning struvite stones? (Select all that apply.)

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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