Question 1

Which process makes it possible for ureters to be transplanted successfully?

Accepted Answer

A) Compensatory hypertrophy 
B) Erythropoietin secretion 
C) Peristalsis 
D) Collateral circulation 
A) Compensatory hypertrophy 
B) Erythropoietin secretion 
C) Peristalsis 
D) Collateral circulation

Question 2

What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called?

Accepted Answer

A) Proximal convoluted tubules 
B) Distal tubules 
C) Ascending loop of Henle 
D) Descending loop of Henle 
A) Proximal convoluted tubules 
B) Distal tubules 
C) Ascending loop of Henle 
D) Descending loop of Henle

Question 3

A patient's urinalysis came back positive for glucose. What does the healthcare professional expect the patient's blood glucose to be at a minimum?

Accepted Answer

A) 126 mg/dL 
B) 150 mg/dL 
C) 180 mg/dL 
D) 200 mg/dL 
A) 126 mg/dL 
B) 150 mg/dL 
C) 180 mg/dL 
D) 200 mg/dL

Question 4

What is the action of urodilatin?

Accepted Answer

A) Urodilatin causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles. 
B) It causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles. 
C) Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion. 
D) It inhibits salt and water reabsorption. 
A) Urodilatin causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles. 
B) It causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles. 
C) Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone secretion. 
D) It inhibits salt and water reabsorption.

Question 5

What process allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload?

Accepted Answer

A) Glomerular filtration 
B) Secretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 
C) Increased heart rate 
D) Compensatory hypertrophy 
A) Glomerular filtration 
B) Secretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 
C) Increased heart rate 
D) Compensatory hypertrophy

Question 6

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

Accepted Answer

A) Glomerulus 
B) Nephron 
C) Collecting duct 
D) Pyramid 
A) Glomerulus 
B) Nephron 
C) Collecting duct 
D) Pyramid

Question 7

The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by which gland?

Accepted Answer

A) Posterior pituitary 
B) Thyroid 
C) Parathyroid 
D) Anterior pituitary 
A) Posterior pituitary 
B) Thyroid 
C) Parathyroid 
D) Anterior pituitary

Question 8

A student asks the professor to explain what effect natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates. Which response by the professor is best?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulates antidiuretic hormones 
B) Inhibits antidiuretic hormones 
C) Stimulates renin and aldosterone 
D) Inhibits renin and aldosterone 
A) Stimulates antidiuretic hormones 
B) Inhibits antidiuretic hormones 
C) Stimulates renin and aldosterone 
D) Inhibits renin and aldosterone

Question 9

Which renal change is found in older adults?

Accepted Answer

A) Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate 
B) Sharp decline in renal blood flow 
C) Decrease in the number of nephrons 
D) Decrease in urine output 
A) Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate 
B) Sharp decline in renal blood flow 
C) Decrease in the number of nephrons 
D) Decrease in urine output

Question 10

What is the trigone?

Accepted Answer

A) A smooth muscle that comprises the orifice of the ureter 
B) The inner mucosal lining of the kidneys 
C) A smooth triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra 
D) One of the three divisions of the loop of Henle 
A) A smooth muscle that comprises the orifice of the ureter 
B) The inner mucosal lining of the kidneys 
C) A smooth triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra 
D) One of the three divisions of the loop of Henle

Question 11

What information does the pathophysiology student learn about renal circulation? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) The interlobar arteries travel down into the renal columns. 
B) The arcuate arteries branch to form the interlobar arteries. 
C) The arcuate arteries arch over the base of the pyramids. 
D) The interlobar arteries run parallel to the surface of the kidneys. 
E) The interlobar arteries run between the pyramids. 
A) The interlobar arteries travel down into the renal columns. 
B) The arcuate arteries branch to form the interlobar arteries. 
C) The arcuate arteries arch over the base of the pyramids. 
D) The interlobar arteries run parallel to the surface of the kidneys. 
E) The interlobar arteries run between the pyramids.

Question 12

What does the healthcare professional understand about urodilatin?

Accepted Answer

A) Urodilatin inhibits sodium chloride and water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
B) It inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to prevent water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
C) Urodilatin is stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in extracellular volume. 
D) It is stimulated by a fall in blood pressure and a decrease in extracellular volume. 
A) Urodilatin inhibits sodium chloride and water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
B) It inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to prevent water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
C) Urodilatin is stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in extracellular volume. 
D) It is stimulated by a fall in blood pressure and a decrease in extracellular volume.

Exam 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Which process makes it possible for ureters to be transplanted successfully?

What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called?

A patient's urinalysis came back positive for glucose. What does the healthcare professional expect the patient's blood glucose to be at a minimum?

What is the action of urodilatin?

What process allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload?

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by which gland?

A student asks the professor to explain what effect natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates. Which response by the professor is best?

Which renal change is found in older adults?

What is the trigone?

What information does the pathophysiology student learn about renal circulation? (Select all that apply.)

What does the healthcare professional understand about urodilatin?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

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Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

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Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

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Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

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Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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